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c. Irregular Past Participles Ending in –to
The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to.
Infinitive Past Participle Meaning
abrir abierto opened
cubrir cubierto covered
descubrir descubierto discovered
escribir escrito written
morir muerto died
poner puesto put
romper roto broken
ver visto seen
volver vuelto returned
The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho.
Infinitive Past Participle Meaning
decir dicho said
hacer hecho done, made
[2] The Present Perfect Tense
a. The present perfect tense is formed by the present tense of the verb haber (to
have) and a past participle
yo
he
tù
has
ud., el, ella ha
visitado/ aprendido/ vivido
nosotros, -as hemos
uds., ellos, ellas han
b. To make a verb in the perfect tenses negative, place no before the verb haber.
To make a verb interrogative, place the subject after the past participle.
No han vivido allí.
They haven’t lived there.
¿Ha visto Ud. la película Have you seen the film
Yo no me he bañado todavía. I haven’t bathed myself yet.
Note: Nothing comes between the verb haber and the past participle.
Pronouns (reflexive and object) come before the verb haber.
c. The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that began in the past and
continues up to the present or an action that took place in the past but is connected
with the present.
[3] The Pluperfect Tense
a. The pluperfect tense is formed by the imperfect tense of the verb haber (to
have) and a past participle.
yo
había
tù
habías
ud., el, ella había
visitado/ aprendido/ vivido
nosotros, -as habíamos
uds., ellos, ellas habían
b. The pluperfect tnese is used to describe an action that was completed in the past
before another action took place
Yo los había visitado antes.
I had visited them before.
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