1/15 © Copyrighted Material Spanish Final Study Sheet Ser vs. Estar ...

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Note: Meanings in English
yo como
I eat
usted baila you dance
ellos viven they live
[5] Stem-Changing –ar and –er Verbs
a. Many verbs that contain e in the stem change the e to ie in all present tense
forms exceptthose for nosotros.
b. Many verbs that contain o in the stem change the o to ue in all present tense
forms except those for nosotros.
c. This change occurs in the syllable directly before the verb ending.
d. The verbs cerrar, defender, contra, and volver have regular endings in the
present tense.
Common Stem-Changing Verbs
E to IE
atravesar—to cross despertarse—to wake up pensar—to think
calentar—to heat empezar—to begin perder—to lose
cerrar—to close encender—to light quebrar—to break
comenzar—to begin entender—to understand querer—to want
confesar—to confess gobernar—to govern sentarse—to sit down
defender—to defend nevar—to snow temblar—to tremble
O to UE
acordarse—to remember envolver—to wrap poder—to be able to
acostarse—to go to bed jugar (ue)—to play probar—to prove
almorzar—to eat lunch llover—to rain recorder—to remember
contar—to count morder—to bite sonar—to sound
costar—to cost mostrar—to show soñar con—to dream
devolver—to return mover—to move volar—to fly
encontrar—to find oler (hue)—to smell volver—to return
[6] Stem-Changing –ir Verbs
a. Some –ir verbs that contain an e in the stem change the i to ie or to i in all
present-tense forms, except those for nosotros.
b. Some –ir verbs that contain an o in the stem change the o to ue in all presenttense
forms, except those for nosotros.
c. The change occurs in the syllable directly befor the verb ending.
d. The verbs sentir, dormir, and pedir have regular ending in the present tense.
E to IE
preferir—to prefer referir—to tell; to narrate sentir—to regret
O to UE
dormir—to sleep morir(se)—to die
E to I
despedirse—to say goodbye reír(se)—to laugh sonreír(se)—to smile
impeder—to prevent reñir—to scold vestirse—to dress
medir—to measure repetir—to repeat server—to serve
pedir—to ask for
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