Income Diversification and Poverty Income Diversification and Poverty

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 2. Background on the Northern Uplands region Table 2-6. GDP per capita and estimated poverty GDP per capita Annual growth rate in GDP per capita Estimated incidence of poverty 1995 2000 1995-2000 1999 (1000 1994 VND/person) (percent) (percent) Ha Giang 945 1,374 8% 77% Cao Bang 1,202 2,171 13% 74% Lao Cai 1,366 1,556 3% 75% Bac Kan 1,068 1,461 6% 68% Lang Son 1,645 2,436 8% 72% Tuyen Quang 1,379 1,957 7% 63% Yen Bai 1,382 1,938 7% 64% Thai Nguyen 1,662 1,984 4% 49% Phu Tho 1,533 2,184 7% 48% Bac Giang 1,326 1,771 6% 49% Quang Ninh 2,439 3,708 9% 52% Lai Chau 1,440 1,614 2% 86% Son La 884 1,369 9% 79% Hoa Binh 1,255 2,033 10% 65% Northern Uplands 1,446 2,030 7.0% 60% Source: GDP figures from GSO (2001). Poverty estimates from Minot and Baulch (2002). 2.2.5 Income diversification Three measures of income diversification can be calculated from the GSO data. The first measure of diversification is the share of GDP generated outside the agricultural sector (defined broadly to include crops, livestock, fishing, and forestry). Overall, the non-agricultural share of GDP has increased from 53 to 58 percent. The increase is largest for Cao Bang (17 percentage point increase), Ha Giang (15 percentage points), Lang Son (12 percentage points) and Son La (11 percentage points). The increase is quite small in Quang Ninh (from 89 to 91 percent), partly because the non-agricultural sector is already so dominant. And in Bac Giang and Thai Nguyen, the share of non-agricultural sector actually declined slightly. These are the only provinces that experienced this type of change (see Table 2-7 and Figure 2-7). Figure 2-8 plots the changes in the contribution of agriculture to GDP against changes in GDP per capita. Provinces with higher income tend to have a smaller agricultural component, but almost all provinces show both economic growth and declining share of agriculture. This process is known as the structural transformation of the economy. The second measure is the share of cultivated land in crops other than rice. Overall, the share of non-rice crops has increased from 50 percent in 1995 to 56 percent in 2000. As mentioned earlier, the share of non-rice crops expanded in every province except one (Bac Giang), with the largest shifts occurring in Bac Kan, Lang Son and Son La (see Table 2-7). Page 32
Chapter 2. Background on the Northern Uplands region The third measure of crop diversification is the share of cropland allocated to non-food crops 8 . Under this definition, unlike the previous one, a shift from rice to maize would not be considered crop diversification. Overall, the share of cropland planted with non-food crops grew from 23 percent to 28 percent. The largest increase was found in Lang Son, where it increased from 21 percent to 39 percent, presumably in response to trade with China (see Table 2-7 and Figure 2-9). Table 2-7. Measure of income diversification in the Northern Uplands by province in 1995 and 2000 Non-agricultural Non-rice area as Non-food area as Year GDP as percentage of total percentage of crop area percentage of crop area Ha Giang 1995 31% 71% 27% 2000 46% 74% 34% Cao Bang 1995 27% 62% 19% 2000 44% 65% 22% Lao Cai 1995 49% 54% 20% 2000 52% 58% 24% Bac Kan 1995 29% 34% 15% 2000 34% 50% 16% Lang Son 1995 38% 42% 21% 2000 50% 57% 39% Tuyen Quang 1995 44% 49% 25% 2000 48% 51% 29% Yen Bai 1995 48% 47% 26% 2000 55% 55% 31% Thai Nguyen 1995 62% 42% 24% 2000 61% 49% 29% Phu Tho 1995 64% 42% 23% 2000 69% 49% 27% Bac Giang 1995 47% 46% 27% 2000 45% 45% 32% Quang Ninh 1995 89% 37% 19% 2000 91% 41% 26% Lai Chau 1995 51% 50% 12% 2000 54% 51% 12% Son La 1995 27% 62% 28% 2000 38% 74% 31% Hoa Binh 1995 40% 56% 27% 2000 48% 62% 30% Northern Uplands 1995 53% 50% 23% 2000 58% 56% 28% Change +5 +6 +5 Source: Calculations based on data from GSO (2001). 8 Food crops are defined as rice, maize, sweet potatoes, and cassava Page 33
Page 1 and 2: Income Diversification and Poverty
Page 3 and 4: Contact information: Nicholas Minot
Page 5 and 6: Page iv
Page 7 and 8: USA), with assistance from Dr. Finn
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 4. Analysis of food demand
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introd
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1. Introduction into high-v
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1. Introduction In addition
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1. Introduction seemingly u
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 2. Background on the Northe
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2-3. Index of accessibility
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2-5. Main ethnic group in ea
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2-7. Diversification into no
Page 46 and 47: Figure 2-9. Diversification into no
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 3. Patterns and trends in d
Page 92 and 93:
Chapter 3. Patterns and trends in d
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter 4. Analysis of food demand
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Chapter 5: Income Diversification f
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 5-1. Location of provinces,
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Chapter 6. Diversification from the
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Chapter 7. A Social Accounting Anal
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Table 7.4: Structure of Marketed Su
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Chapter 8. Summary and conclusions
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
References Page 200
Page 210 and 211:
References Escobal, J. 2001. “The
Page 212 and 213:
References Stone, R. 1981. Aspects
Page 214 and 215:
Glossary Page 206
Page 216 and 217:
Marshallian price elasticity: the r
Page 218 and 219:
Page 210
Page 220 and 221:
Appendix A: Supply response analysi
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Appendix B: Interview Guidelines fo
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 234
Page 244 and 245:
Appendix C: Interview Guidelines fo
Page 246 and 247:
Appendix C: Interview Guidelines fo
Page 248 and 249:
Page 240
Page 250 and 251:
Appendix D: Constructing a standard
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Appendix E: Details of MacroSAM Con
Page 258 and 259:
Appendix E: Details of MacroSAM con
Page 260 and 261:
Appendix E: Details of MacroSAM con
Page 262 and 263:
Appendix E: Details of MacroSAM Con
Page 264 and 265:
Table A7.3: Ha Giang: Provincial Ma
Page 266 and 267:
Table A7.7: Lang Son: Provincial Ma
Page 268 and 269:
Table A7.11: Phu Tho: Provincial Ma
Page 270 and 271:
Table A7.15: Son La: Provincial Mac
Page 272:
JAPAN BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPER
show all

Income Diversification and Poverty Income Diversification and Poverty

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?