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Lighting Design + Application • December 2005
The
LIGHTING
AUTHORITY ®
MEMPHIS
BELLE
FedEx Forum—
Home of the NBA’s
Grizzlies
Focus On
Sports
Lighting

CONTENTS
December 2005,
VOL. 35/NO. 12
SPORTS LIGHTING
30
San Diego to the Core
Emphasizing regionalism over nostalgia,
Petco Park celebrates San Diego even
more than baseball
52
34
Weekend Warriors
toWorld-Class Athletes
Lighting design at the new University of
Houston Recreation Center
accommodates athletes of all stripes
57
40
FedExcellent
Adventure
The FedExForum might be in the heart
of the Memphis music scene, but with
its instant success, it’s feeling anything
but the blues
FEATURES
46
Trading Up
The Bank of America trading floor
satisfies light-sensitive traders while
adding sizzle to the Charlotte, NC,
skyline
52
Sonic Temple Rebirth
Thanks to an updated, camouflaged
lighting system, the Borobudur Temple
now has a true night life
CENTURY SERIES
57
Computers and
Lighting
After exponential growth in the 1980s
and ’90s, has development of lighting
design software reached a lull
34
30
46
D E P A R T M E N T S
4 Editor’s Note • 6 Letters to the Editor • 8 Regional Voices • 9 Energy
Advisor • 10 Research Matters • 14 Green Ideas • 17 Lighting for
Quality • 18 Lighting for Security • 21 IES News • 25 Industry Updates
• 27 Scanningthe Spectrum • 65 Index of Articles • 72 Literature Review
• 74 Light Products • 78 Classified Advertisements • 79 Calendar of
Events • 80 Ad Index
LD+A (ISSN 0360-6325) is published monthly in the United States of America by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall
Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY. 10005, 212-248-5000. © 2005 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Periodicals postage paid at New
York, N.Y. 10005 and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to LD+A, 120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005.
ON THE COVER:
Sports and architectural lighting integrate
with façade lighting at the FedExForum in
Memphis. Photo by Tim Hursley

EDITOR’S NOTE
Paul Tarricone
THE MOVIE CATCH ME IF
YOU CAN has an instructive scene
about the power of image and “looking
the part.” The character played by
Christopher Walken asks his son,
portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio,
why he thinks the Yankees always win
the World Series.“Because they have
Mickey Mantle” the son replies.
“No,” the father responds, “it’s
because the other guys can’t take
their eyes off the pinstripes.”
This brings us to the lighting
designer who likes to pull up to the
client’s office in a Jaguar convertible,
because he likes the image it creates.
Marketing consulting Lloyd
Princeton used this designer as
Exhibit A of the power of perception
during his presentation at the
5th Annual IALD Education
Conference in Alexandria, VA. His
message: you’re selling a luxury and
you need to convey to clients that
there’s a minimum point of entry—
a minimum bar—for those who
want to do business with you. Overeager
designers stuck with flat fees
often forget that “clients are not
‘entitled’ [to high-end design services],”
said Princeton.There’s a premium
to be paid for good design.
How do you build your brand
Princeton advised designers to
focus on the “who” and the “what.”
Identify who (in terms of the market
niche) you want to do business
with and sub-identify that group’s
demographics.“If it’s residential end
users, how old are they Is this a
second or third home for them Do
they have children If it’s a corporate
client, is it a facility manager or
real estate person” Part of identifying
the “who” is understanding their
tendencies. “Corporate and hospitality
are more bottom-line oriented.
With residential you can maximize
profits because the client is
more emotionally invested,” he said.
Another piece of advice from
Princeton seems counter-intuitive:
Don’t be a generalist. (Almost without
exception, the “About the
Designer” bios that accompany case
history articles in LD+A list experience
in “retail, corporate, institutional,
residential” and so on and so
forth.) However, Princeton claims
the trend today in interior design is
toward specialization. What’s more,
being all things to all people forces
lighting designers to work “on projects
they don’t like.”
Once the “who” is identified,
move on to the “what.” Tried-andtrue
marketing tools include public
relations (positioning yourself as an
expert to the press); advertising (in
local media and in publications like
the American Express magazine);
one-on-one lunch-and-learns; press
kits; web sites; and a Princeton
favorite, direct mail. Once again
emphasizing his preference for specialization,
he advocates separate
pieces (ideally) for each market you
want to hit,mailed six to eight times
per year. But if given the choice of a
divide-and-conquer approach in
‘Go to the end
user and say the
lighting designer—
not the interior
designer or the
architect—should
be the first
person you hire’
which you send two pieces to three
markets vs. targeting just one market,
Princeton chooses the latter.
Finally, if they “really want to
shake things up,” Princeton says
lighting designers may want to position
lighting as “big and fundamental...Go
to the end user and say the
lighting designer—not the interior
designer or the architect—should
be the first person you hire.”
If all this seems a bit overwhelming
to designers who are “too busy
to worry about marketing” or have
limited resources, remember the
first rule of Marketing 101: clients
are not willing to pay for something
they don’t understand.
Publisher
William Hanley, CAE
Editor
Paul Tarricone
Associate Editor
John-Michael Kobes
Assistant Editor
Roslyn Lowe
Art Director
Samuel Fontanez
Associate Art Director
Petra Domingo
Columnists
Ted Ake • Emlyn G.Altman
Denise Fong • Brian Liebel
Doug Paulin • Paul Pompeo
Willard Warren
Book Review Editor
Paulette Hebert, Ph.D.
Marketing Manager
Sue Foley
Advertising Coordinator
Leslie Prestia
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4 www.iesna.org

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Run That Design
by Maintenance
Folks, First
Reading “Over &
Out” (LD+A, October)
confirmed my experience
that very few lighting
designers check with
maintenance and facility
people two-to-four years
after their buildings have
been built. If more lighting designers asked maintenance and facility people
what they think of the number of lamp types, lamp life, lamp costs,
accessibility inside fixtures, and ease of maintaining lighting control systems,
I think that many lighting designers would change how they do
design. A good chunk of my retrofit business is from end users in buildings
that have good quality and energy-efficient lighting, but the maintenance
costs are very high. I appreciate the business, but would prefer if
more lighting designers would walk a mile in the shoes of maintenance
and facility people in the first place.
Stan Walerczyk
Lighting Wizards
Walnut Creek, CA
Membership Still Has Its Advantages
It’s hard for me to believe that I got started in lighting in October of
1949 and in 2005 I’m still active at the age of 77 and going strong.
Lighting has come a long way in the 55-plus years that I’ve been in the
business.So has the IESNA.When I first started BBS/A.L.P.in 1955,I couldn’t
afford to join anything. As soon as I started making a few dollars, I
joined the IESNA in 1961 and I have been an involved and committed
member ever since.
Each year there are older members, like myself, fading away and new
members who are becoming involved, who will become the future leaders
of IESNA. This Centennial year is a significant one for our organization.
My advice to anyone in the lighting business is that if you’re not involved
with the IESNA, then you’re truly not involved or committed to our industry.
You get out of anything what you put into it, and I, for one, sure feel
that I’ve gotten more out than I ever put in, no matter how much effort
that I made.Thanks for listening.
WM Brown
Bill Brown Sales/A.L.P. Lighting Components
Niles, IL
oe-mail a letter
to the editor:
ptarricone@iesna.org
PRESIDENT
Alan L. Lewis, O.D., Ph.D., FIES
The New England College of Optometry
PAST PRESIDENT
Craig A. Bernecker, Ph.D., FIES, LC
The Lighting Education Institute
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
(President-Elect)
Kevin Flynn
Kiku Obata & Company
VP-EDUCATIONAL
ACTIVITIES
Ronald Gibbons, Ph.D.
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
VP-TECHNICAL & RESEARCH
Pekka Hakkarainen
Lutron Electronics Co. Inc.
VP-DESIGN & APPLICATION
Joseph B. Murdoch, Ph.D., PE, FIES, LC
University of New Hampshire (retired)
VP-MEMBER ACTIVITIES
Kimberly Szinger, PE
Stantec Consulting
TREASURER
Boyd Corbett
S2C Incorporated
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
William Hanley
IESNA
DIRECTORS
David A. Baum
Holophane
James Cyre
Philips Lighting
Terrance Kilbourne, LC
TEC, Inc.
Denis Lavoie, LC
LUMEC, Inc.
Paul Mercier, LC
Lighting Design Innovations, Ltd.
Russ Owens, LC
West Coast Design Group
RVP/DIRECTORS
Craig Kohring
mda engineering, inc.
Thomas Tolen, LC
TMT Associates
2005-2006
Board of Directors
IESNA
6 www.iesna.org

REGIONAL VOICES
Craig R. Kohring,
Great Lakes RVP
AS YOU READ THIS ARTICLE,
you are probably juggling several different
balls in the air, hoping that you
do not drop any of them. You are
probably dealing with project deadlines
at work,holiday planning,a myriad
of office and family functions that
take place at this time of year, and so
forth and so on. This time of year
always seems to have the same
theme for everyone. It is a hectic
time,as well as a time for sharing and
giving. The question I pose to you
today is,“How is this really different
from any other time of the year”
I ask this question for selfish reasons.
In the not so distant past, at a
Great Lakes Regional Executive
Committee (REC) meeting, I was
asked about improving attendance
at our meetings.Those of you in the
Great Lakes region know that our
meetings are held at a central point
in our region (Cleveland, OH). The
longest drive for any section meeting
is about four hours, and our
actual business meeting lasts about
four hours. It is a long day for most,
but usually an enlightening experience.
On the drive home, I began to
ponder the reasons for poor attendance
at regional events. There are
always project deadlines, family and
social commitments, etc. Sounds
similar to the holidays, doesn’t it
What is missing is the sharing and
giving.
Giving and Sharing
For those of you who have not
attended a regional event, I hope to
offer some insight. For those who
attend on a regular basis, feel free to
take this time to catch up on those
project deadlines.
The IESNA Section Guide states
(and I paraphrase) that the section
president, vice president and secretary
are members of the REC, and
shall attend REC meetings. If one of
these officers is not available, a
There is a wealth of knowledge in
our Society, and most of it resides at
our section level
member of the Board of Managers
should attend in his or her place.
Using that standard, my region
should have an attendance of 36 at
our REC. Instead, we average a little
less than half of that number.
The purpose of an REC meeting
is to share information and
exchange ideas to make our sections
stronger. At our REC meeting,
we try to devote about an hour for
sections to discuss topics such as
initiatives, goals, good and bad meetings,
and membership. This portion
of the meeting is usually the most
interesting, and can really generate
excitement and enthusiasm in our
section officers.There is a wealth of
knowledge in our Society, and most
of it resides at the section level.
Greater attendance encourages
added participation, more ideas, and
shared knowledge and expertise.
The REC meeting provides other
valuable information, as well. Our
REC meeting typically includes time
dedicated to section level reporting
requirements, and contact information,
as well as Society level news
and events. In fact, at our last REC,
one of our new participants said
that she had learned more in the
first 40 minutes of the meeting, than
she had in her years of service on
her section’s Board of Managers.
So, I hope that I have provoked
some thought about attending your
REC meeting. We, as regional vice
presidents, know that your time is
valuable, and family is more important
than IESNA (did I say that).All
we ask is that you try to include
time in your hectic schedule for
sharing and giving to your region. It
is only with your help and participation
that we can make our sections
and regions as strong as possible.
8 www.iesna.org

ENERGY ADVISOR
Willard L.Warren,
PE, LC, FIESNA
WALT KELLY, CREATOR OF
the POGO cartoon strip coined the
phrase,“I have met the enemy and it
is us.” Well,“I have seen the future of
lighting and it’s located in California.”
The state was devastated by the
manipulation of the delivery of electric
power by greedy suppliers six
years ago and now has bounced back
with a vengeance.A new version of its
energy code, Title 24-2005, enacted
on October 1, is sensible and workable,
because of input from Jim Benya,
PE of Benya Lighting, a code expert
and lighting designer, and from Lisa
Heschong and Doug Mahone of the
Heschong Mahone Group, who
advised the state on the importance
of daylight harvesting.
To further aid the state in promoting
energy-efficient lighting with
a market-friendly design and to disseminate
useful information about
Title 24-2005, the California
Lighting Technology Center (CLTC)
was created last year at the
University of California, Davis. The
CLTC director is Michael J.
Sominovitch, PhD, the associate
director is Kosta Papamichael, PhD,
both previously with the Lighting
Research Center at Lawrence
Berkeley National Labs. California
Energy Commissioner (CEC) Art
Rosenfeld indicated that the center
was created because the CEC and
other industry stakeholders recognized
the importance that lighting
holds in cutting down on energy
use. “By partnering with the commission,
the lighting industry and
with public utilities, the CLTC
ensures a hands-on practical
approach to the creation of energyefficient
lighting that is also appealing
to consumers,” Rosenfeld said.
“The center holds great promise in
sharply reducing the power consumed
by lighting during crunch
electricity periods.” The CLTC
coordinates outreach and support
efforts with existing utility-based
energy centers, offering touring
exhibits, demonstration materials
and technical assistance in the
adoption of emerging technologies.
Already, over two dozen lighting
companies and utilities are partnering
with the CLTC to develop new
and efficient lighting products for
commercial use. For more information,
visit the CLTC web site at
http:cltc.ucdavis.edu, or contact Dr.
Siminovitch at (530) 757-3444, or at
mjsiminovitch@ucdavis.edu.
To put things into perspective,
California’s peak demand over the last
40 years has increased an average of
2.2 percent, almost 50 percent above
the national average. But because of
its population growth and Title 24
codes, the total per capita electric use
is only 7000 kW per hour per year
which is 40 percent less than the
national average. Lighting accounts for
about 20 percent of electric energy
use in the U.S.,exceeded only by heating
and cooling which draws about 35
I have seen the
future of lighting
and it’s located in
California
percent. The average energy consumption
for indoor lighting in large
commercial office buildings has steadily
dropped one percent per year since
1975. Thirty years ago we averaged
four watts per sq ft for lighting in large
commercial office buildings and
ranged between peaks of 10 to 15
watts per sq ft for retail lighting.
Today’s energy codes, like Title 24,
limit office lighting to 1.2 watts per sq
ft and retail lighting from 4.5 to 6.0
watts per sq ft, depending on the type
of merchandise displayed.
California Here I Come
The goal in enacting Title 24-2005
and California’s new conservation initiative
is to reduce those totals
another 20 percent, as painlessly as
possible. Remember, in the last 15
years the costs of CFLs, electronic
ballasts and T-8 lamps have decreased
over 50 percent while efficacy
(lumens per watt) and life expectancy
have increased. We’ve seen similar
improvements in energy conservation
and cost reduction in residential
refrigerators and air conditioning.The
first priority in business is to survive.
You can’t perform, or learn, or sell
merchandise if you can’t see well, so
energy consumption reductions have
to be practical.
California’s Public Utilities Commission
(PUC) intends to recapture
enough energy by conservation in the
next three years to meet its needs for
power generation for the next decade,
by allocating $2 billion (with a “b”) for
energy efficiency.That’s more than the
Federal DOE budgeted, but not yet
appropriated, in the new, so-called,
“Energy Act of 2005.” Part of
California’s program, called Integrated
Resource Planning (IRP) earmarked
$200 million of the $2 billion for new
technology.The objective is to save $3
billion overall in energy costs for
homes and businesses by 2008, a 150
percent return on investment.
Lighting comprises almost 30 percent
of commercial and 18 percent
of residential usage during peak
demand periods; part of the IRP program
is a guide book published by
the CLTC to help homebuilders
learn about new lighting technologies
and the state’s new residential
energy code and compliant designs.
Contact cltc.ucdavis.edu for a copy.
Susan P. Kennedy, a commissioner
of the California Public Utility
Commission (PUC), in launching this
comprehensive “Green Building” initiative,
stated,“In plain English, before
our electric utilities spend a dollar to
buy power in the market or build a
new generating plant, they will first
invest in ways to help us use energy
more efficiently.”
Last month I reported on how
New York is amending its energy conservation
code, and this month we’ve
described California’s initiatives. If you
are aware of anything going on in the
middle of the country please let me
know. Somebody must have noticed
that fuel oil and gasoline have doubled
in price, while natural gas has more
than tripled in just the last three
years.Are any other states promoting
energy efficiency Please write me
here at LD+A.
Willard L. Warren, PE, LC, FIESNA, is
the principal of Willard L. Warren
Associates, a consulting firm serving
industry, government and utility clients in
lighting and energy conservation.
December 2005 LD+A 9

RESEARCH MATTERS
Attending to Attention
Yukio Akashi, Ph.D.
Lighting Research
Center, Rensselaer
Polytechnic
Institutete
CAN GOOD LIGHTING HELP
to reduce the number of traffic crashes
A survey conducted in the U.S.
reported that approximately 50 percent
of crashes were related to drivers’
improper attention (Treat et al.,
1979).We are fortunate that research
on attention flourished over the past
three decades (Johnson and Proctor,
2004). Findings from these studies
may bridge the gap between lighting
research and traffic safety.
What Makes A Driver
Inattentive
Driving is a demanding, multitasking
activity.A driver has to maintain a
vehicle within a traffic lane while
keeping its speed below (or at least
not too far above) the limit, while following
other vehicles (referred to as
a “tracking task” in this column).
Occasionally, a driver has to pass
other vehicles and change lanes (a
“changing task”).Talking on a cellular
phone is an additional, but unrelated,
task that increases the driver’s task
load (a “distracting task”).
On less frequent but more critical
occasions, the driver must quickly
detect oncoming traffic and obstacles
such as torn tires on the pavement or
deer on the shoulder, to avoid collisions
with these potential hazards (a
“detecting task”).
As task load increases, a driver,
who is already busy driving and talking
on a cellular phone, can become
distracted from such detection tasks.
Inattention often originates from high
task loads, and often results in missing
targets and prolonged reaction times
(Verwey, 1993), and even increased
crash rates (Harms, 1986).
How Does Task Load
Affect Performance
For each task described above, a
driver must deal with a sequence of
three distinctive information-processing
stages: perceptional analysis (stimulus
identification); response selection
(decision-making);and motor response
(response execution) (Pashler, 1998;
Johnson and Proctor, 2004).
As Figure 1 illustrates, these
stages are often assumed to occur
sequentially, so the results of one
stage form the input to the next
stage. Of these, response selection
(decision-making) is the most
demanding stage for the brain. This
stage limits allocation of attention
resources that can be shared with the
other tasks, and it often appears to
act as a bottleneck (Welford, 1952).
To explore the mechanisms of
dual-task performance, scientists use
a sophisticated experimental technique.
This technique has a subject
respond to two individual stimuli, in
which the time between the first and
second stimulus varies in order to
change task load.This method helped
scientists conclude that the time it
takes to respond to the second stimulus
generally becomes longer (due
to the period of slack in Figure 1)
than when the second stimulus is presented
alone or the task becomes
more demanding (Vince, 1949).This is
because the decision-making stage of
the second stimulus cannot begin
until the corresponding stage of the
first stimulus has been completed
(Pashler, 1998). However, scientists
have also noted that the decisionmaking
stage of the first stimulus can
share attention resources with that of
the second stimulus when both tasks
are very difficult (Navon and Miller,
2002). In these cases, a kind of interference
occurs,and the decision-making
of the first stimulus is often
slowed down as well.
How Can Good Lighting
Improve Driving
Performance
The information processing framework
described above allows us to
understand the effect of good lighting
F I G U R E 1
Information processing framework (after Johnson and Proctor, 2004).
on driving performance. To this end,
this column reviews recent studies in
which subjects performed detection
tests (Task 2 in Figure 1) while
engaged in simulated tracking and real
driving tasks (Task 1). These studies
compared performance under metal
halide (MH) and high-pressure sodium
(HPS) lighting at mesopic levels.
To investigate the mechanisms of
interference of lighting conditions
with task load and performance, a
study simulated a typical driving situation
by combining three tasks: a
tracking task, a distracting task and a
detecting task (Akashi and Neches,
2003). The tracking task required a
subject to keep a needle in the center
between a pair of thin horizontal lines
by rotating a control knob. For the
distracting task, the subject attempted
to complete verbal mathematical
(multiplication) problems as quickly
as possible. The detecting task
required subjects to signal immediately
upon detecting one of eight target
presentations.This study changed
task load by changing combinations of
the tracking and distracting tasks.
Figure 2 depicts the results of
these tests, which generally suggest
the following: as task load increases,
reaction time is increased; and target
detection under MH was better than
under HPS. These tendencies were
confirmed by statistical analysis.
Regarding interference, the tracking
task appears to just add the same
period of time to the baseline reaction
times (in the detection-taskalone
conditions) for both MH and
HPS lighting. This suggests that the
tracking task interferes little with the
10 www.iesna.org

effect of lighting, because this tracking
task relied on central vision. Also,
practiced automatic operations (like
this tracking task) do not demand a
lot of attention, so they can be performed
without experiencing interference
from, or generating interference
with, other ongoing information
processes (Pashler, 1998).
In contrast, math problems appear
to have interfered with lighting conditions.
Differences in reaction times
between MH and HPS conditions
became the largest (over 50 ms for
most off-axis targets) when both
tracking and distracting tasks were
performed at the same time (i.e., the
highest task load). Since combining all
three tasks increased task load, their
response selection stages likely shared
attention resources and therefore
interference occurred. In this experiment,
the math performance was
slightly improved by using MH lighting,
but it was not yet significant.
A similar and even larger enhanced
effect of spectral power distributions
(SPDs) on detection performance
F I G U R E 2
Reaction time for metal halide and high-pressure lighting conditions
(TT = tracking task; MP = math problem).
appeared in another study using a
more realistic, high-demand computer-simulated
driving task. This study
had subjects detect peripheral targets
(detecting task) while virtually driving
along a roadway projected on a large
screen (tracking task) (Bullough and
Rea, 2000). In this study, subjects
missed targets 25 percent more frequently
under HPS lighting than
under MH lighting.
Can results of such laboratory
studies apply to real driving situations
To answer this question, a field study
(Akashi and Rea, 2002) had subjects
detect targets located 15 deg and 23
deg off-axis (detecting task) while
driving along a short, closed track and
Effective lighting may reduce task load
and therefore allow people to allocate
more attention to target detection
fixating on and reading aloud single
digit numbers sequentially presented
in the central visual field (tracking
task).Reaction time was measured for
each target presentation.
The results suggested that average
reaction time was around 720 ms for
actual driving, compared to 250 ms for
a single detection task in which subjects
responded to a 15 deg off-axis
target with the same luminance contrast
in a laboratory (He et al.,1997).In
the same study, when the car was static,
average reaction time was around
670 ms.The use of MH lamps reduced
reaction times by approximately 50 ms.
This experiment did not control
onsets of stimuli in the first and second
tasks;thus,it does not allow for exploring
detailed mechanisms of interaction
between the two tasks. However, the
results suggest interference between
tasks and lighting conditions. This
experiment used a target luminance of
0.3 (cd per sq m), a level at which the
difference in reaction time between
under the MH and HPS lamps should
be very small, according to He et al.’s
experiment (1997). However, it did
show a 50-ms improvement in reaction
time due to the use of MH lighting with
a statistical significance. In this case,
since both tracking and detecting tasks
are visual tasks, the use of effective
lighting can improve visibility for the
tracking task and target conspicuity for
the detecting task.The use of effective
lighting delivers a twofold benefit to
the detecting task: a shorter response
selection time of the detection task
itself, and a shorter slack time due to
the shortened response selection time
of the tracking task. This results in a
much shorter reaction time than
expected.
This discussion leads to a conclusion
that effective lighting may reduce
task load and therefore allow people
to allocate more attention to target
detection. In a dual-task paradigm,
when both tasks are visual or very
difficult, task-lighting interference
appears to enhance the effectiveness
of lighting’s impact on performance.
What Is Next
We need more research to verify
the validity of such enhanced effects
of lighting. First, fine tuning experiments
using the above mentioned
dual-task technique could help us to
better understand task-attentionlighting
interference. This will determine
how much each task type (e.g.,
changing lanes and using cellular
phones) impairs detection performance
and how much each lighting factor
can regain the impaired performance.
Second, to implement such
December 2005 LD+A 11

RESEARCH MATTERS
research results to roadway and automobile
lighting practice, it is necessary
to quantify a driver’s task load under
different roadway characteristics (e.g.,
highways, interchanges, or curves) by
using a standard detecting task such
as one used by MacDonald and Ellis
(1975).Finally,it is important to determine
lighting requirements for each of
the roadway characteristics while taking
into account the influence of task
load on detection performance. The
evidence so far indicates that such
understanding would help us to make
our roadways safer.
References
Akashi Y, Rea MS, 2002. Peripheral
detection while driving under a
mesopic light level, Journal of the
Illuminating Engineering Society, 31, 1,
85-94
Akashi Y, Neches J, 2003.The effect
of foveal task load on peripheral target
detection, Proceedings of CIE 25th
Session in San Diego, D4, 44-47
Bullough J, Rea MS, 2000. Simulated
driving performance and peripheral
detection at mesopic light levels,Lighting
Research and Technology, 32, 4, 194-198
He Y, Rea MS, Bierman A, Bullough
J, 1997. Evaluating light source efficacy
under mesopic conditions using reaction
times, Journal of the Illuminating
Engineering Society, 26, 1, 125-138
Harms L, 1986. Drivers’ attentional
responses to environmental variation:
a dual-task real traffic study, In Gale
AG et al.Vision in Vehicles II,Amsterdam:
Elsevier Science Publishers, 131-138
Johnson A, Proctor RW, 2004.
Attention:Theory and Practice,Thousand
Oaks,CA:Sage Publications,Inc.,30-37
MacDonald, Ellis, 1975. Driver
workload for various turn radii and
speeds, Proceedings of the annual
Meeting of the Transportation Research
Board,Washington, D.C.
Navon D,Miller J,2002.Queuing or
sharing A critical evaluation of the
single-bottleneck notion. Cognitive
Psychology, 44, 193-251
Pashler HE, 1998. The psychology of
attention, Cambridge, MA: MIT press
Teichner WH, Krebs MJ, 1972.
Laws of the simple visual reaction
time, Psychological Review, 79, 344-358
Treat JR,Tumbas NS, McDonald ST,
Shinar D, Hume RD, Mayer RE,
Stansifer RL, and Castellan NJ, 1977.
Tri-level study of the causes of traffic
accidents, Report No. DOT-HS034-3-
535-77.
Verwey WB, 1993. How can we
prevent overload of the driver
Oarkes AM, Franzen S, Driving future
vehicles,London:Taylor & Francis,235-
244.
Vince M, 1949. Rapid response
sequences and the psychological
refractory period, British Journal of
Psychology, 40, 23-40
Welford AT, 1952. The psychological
refractory period and the timing
of high speed performance-A review
and a theory. British Journal of
Psychology, 43, 2-19
RP-1
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12 www.iesna.org

GREEN IDEAS
Making the Case for Metrics
Nick Ferzacca
MANY OF US SELECT FOOD
based on information from a nutrition
label. Whether done out of
necessity to avoid allergies, to adhere
to the latest diet fad or just for the
nutritional benefit, we expect this
information to be unbiased and accurate.The
fact that this information is
highly regulated by the Food and
Drug Administration demonstrates
the power these labels have in swaying
buying decisions.We may take this
for granted today, but there is a long
and continually evolving history to
food labels.
To a certain extent, lighting specifiers
are at the beginning stages of a
movement not unlike the one which
led to standardized food labels. With
the popularity of LEED and other
market transformation programs,
building design is flush with the vocabulary
of sustainability. Measures such
volatile organic compounds (VOC),
mercury content of lamps and recycled
content are published as metrics
of environmental performance. In
truth, we are really just beginning to
learn about the full environmental
impact a product may have.
In the lighting industry, it is easy to
see how complicated the issue is. For
instance, mercury used in fluorescent
lamps is recognized as an environmentally
harmful substance to be
reduced in the name of sustainability.
Reducing mercury beyond a certain
level, however, significantly reduces
the efficacy of fluorescent lamps
resulting in higher, or at least different,
environmental burdens beyond
the mercury saved. Furthermore,
mercury is one small element of one
component in a lighting system.What
are the impacts of producing fixture
housings, reflectors, lenses and packaging
Is a low iridescent specular
coating more environmentally harmful
than a simple diffuse white coating,
and if so, how do we measure this
Developing environmental performance
metrics for lighting equipment
is no small task.
Understanding the full environmental
impact is easiest through a process
called life cycle assessment or LCA
(see sidebar). Consider some of the
initiatives related to the question of
environmental performance and the
LCA, as they pertain to products.
ISO 14000
The International Standards
Organization (ISO) 14000 series
standards provide a framework for
managing environmental systems.
Within the 14000 series are the
14021, 14024 and 14025 standards,
which define different types of environmental
labels as follows:
• Type I Label (14024). Multiattribute
labels developed by a
third party. Examples of these are
“Certified Wood” or “Eco-
Friendly.”
• Type II Label (14021). Singleattribute
labels developed by the
producer. Examples of these are
claims of “75 percent recycled content.”
• Type III Label (14025). Labels
providing quantitative information
from LCA.
In themselves, these ISO definitions
do not indicate what the labels
should be, but merely provide standard
definitions. They are significant
because they represent the results of
international consensus among governments,
industry and other stakeholders.These
definitions are already
being used to specify various types of
information. For instance, the draft
version of LEED 2.2 requires that the
recycled content must be defined in
accordance with the ISO Type II labeling
standard. Furthermore, there is a
significant interest to push manufacturers
for LCA-based information on
environmental performance, and ISO
Type III labels are often cited as the
desired format.
Environmental Product
Declarations
In 1999, the Swedish Environmental
Management Council developed
a standard for producing quantifiable
and verifiable LCA-based environmental
performance information
for products, called the Environmental
Product Declaration (EPD), see
www.environdec.com. The EPD is a
framework available to manufacturers
for application to products and services
allowing one-for-one comparisons
against environmental impacts.
Products following the EPD program
can be published on the EPD website,
and EPDs are downloadable to anyone.
The EPD is not designed exclusively
around building products; many
consumer products are also provided.
Figure 1 reveals an excerpt of an
EPD for a 10kV fused switch with fan
cooling.
F I G U R E 1
14 www.iesna.org

What is Life Cycle Assessment
LCA is a systematic process of analyzing the environmental impacts of a
product, system or service, throughout the product life cycle from “cradle
to grave” or “cradle-to-cradle.” This analysis includes the different
phases of resources extraction, manufacture, distribution, installation, use
and disposal. ISO and the Society of Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry (SETAC), among others, have developed standards for conducting
LCA.
Unlike single attribute metrics such as recycled content, the output of
LCA provides quantitative data on fundamental impact categories such
as global warming or ecological toxicity.At present there is not consensus
on a complete list of all impact categories, but the most often recognized
impact categories are listed below as defined by the U.S.
Environmental Performance Agency’s program called TRACI for Tool for
the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental
Impacts, see http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/std/sab/traci/
Impact Category
Global Warming Potential
Acidification
Eutrophication
Ozone Depletion
Smog
Ecotoxicity
Human Health
Fossil Fuel
Land Use
Water Use
Criteria Air Pollutants
Possible End Points
Malaria, coastal area damage,
agricultural, forest damage
Plant, animal, ecosystem
Plant, animal, ecosystem
Skin cancer cataracts, material
damage, crop damage
Human mortality, asthma, plant
damage
Plant, animal, ecosystem
Variety of specific human cancers
Fossil fuels shortages leading to
use of other energy sources
Threatened and
endangered species
Water shortages
Disability-adjusted life years,
toxicological human health effects
Each impact category is characterized by an equivalent emission of a
causal substance. For instance, since CO 2 emissions are the largest cause
of global warming, Global Warming Potential (GWP), is measured in
equivalent emissions of CO 2 with emissions other than CO 2 effecting
global warming being converted to an equivalent effect of emitted CO 2 .
First note that impact categories
listed in the first column are defined
in terms of fundamental attributes,
such as Global Warming Potential
(GWP) and Ozone Depletion
Potential (ODP), as opposed to secondary
variables like recycled content
or even energy efficiency. In other
words, we intuitively accept that
lower energy consumption correlates
to “better” environmental performance,
but in fact it is reductions in
power plant emissions contributing
to global warming and acidification,
among others, that are the actual
benefits to the environment.
Also note that the units for each
impact category are listed in the second
column and are different for each
impact category. For instance GWP is
measured in kg of CO 2 whereas ODP
is measured in kg of CFC-11. As a
new metric, these units will take
some time to get assimilated. Lastly,
note how this information groups
impacts into different phases of the
product’s life cycle: Production and
Use. It is easy to see how the Use
phase of energy-using products, such
as lighting, can largely outweigh the
Production phase. (Keep in mind this
table is only an excerpt from a larger
document on the EPD of this product,
and additional information is provided
about the End-of-Life phase as
well as other aspects of the environmental
performance.)
BEES
The National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) developed an
approach for providing LCA-based
environmental and economic performance
information for building products
called BEES (short for Building
for Environmental and Economic
Sustainability, see www.bfrl.nist.gov-
/oae/software/bees.html). Available on
the BEES website is a free downloadable
program which allows building
designers to compare environmental
performance of products which have
been submitted to an LCA performed
through a NIST vendor.
Manufacturers must pay NIST to perform
the LCA on a product-by-product
basis, but products can be selected
to represent a family of similar
products. Currently there are over
200 building products in the BEES 3.0
December 2005 LD+A 15

GREEN IDEAS
F I G U R E 2
The Cook
Corp
1/4
version, but there are no lighting
products evaluated at this time. One
of the benefits as well as one of the
main criticisms of BEES is that the
end result produces a single “score”
for environmental performance.
Figure 2 shows how BEES, with particular
inputs, results in scores for
Vinyl C tile and linoleum tile.
To some, a single score provides an
easy way to compare products on a
one-for-one basis. To others, a single
score requires too many assumptions
and reduces the validity of the comparison.
The point in reviewing existing initiatives
like these is that models for
LCA-based product information are
under development and/or in use.
Furthermore, to incorporate the full
extent of sustainability, designers will
need to get used to the language of
understanding how products impact
the environment. In the end, the burden
of providing this information falls
on manufacturers, and they are looking
for what information is wanted by
the marketplace. In the absence of
any clear direction, information will
fall in line with industry drivers
already in place such as LEED.Among
the goals of the IESNA Sustainable
Lighting Committee is to develop a
framework for environmental performance
metrics of lighting products.
While this may seem like a difficult
task, in that it is as much of a consensus-building
exercise as it is a technical
challenge, initiatives like Sweden’s
EDP and BEES provide a large foundation
to start with.
Nicola Ferzacca, PE, LEED, is an electrical
department manager at Symmes
Maini & McKee Associates with over 18
years of experience in electrical and
lighting design for national and international
projects. He is chair of the IESNA
Sustainable Lighting Committee and vice
president of the New England Section.
He holds a Master of Science in Lighting
from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and
has taught lighting at the Boston
Architectural Center.
16 www.iesna.org

LIGHTING FOR QUALITY
The Shadow Knows
Doug Paulin, LC
YES,THIS IS A PERIODICAL
of the lighting arts and sciences in
North America. But I devote this
column to shadows. Plural. Shadows
are so important for our vision, and
not just the simple silhouette, often
referred to as “negative contrast” in
roadway conversations. (Have you
ever noticed how we have the habit
of taking a nice simple word that
everyone understands [silhouette]
and inventing a “lighting term” for it
[“negative contrast”]).
Back to shadows. My first encounter
with shadows was in a
photo studio.We were shooting new
product for catalogs and spec sheets.
We paid attention to shadows and
reflections and fiddled with other
things that can make or break a good
catalog photo until we wanted to
scream.But shadows are the visual
cues that tell us that the object in the
two-dimensional photo is actually
three-dimensional. The photographer
would often take the first 4 x 5
Polaroid snap from the camera and
say “Yep, it looks like a hubcap!” But
after he adjusted the lighting to
accentuate the depth and shape, it
would look like a lighting fixture.
Modeling is a technique of creating
varying shades of brightness, or,
should I say, varying darkness of
shadows.The modeled effect comes
from two or more sources, hitting
the three-dimensional object from
different angles and different intensities.
This doesn’t mean that the
sources themselves have to be different;
one can be farther away from
the other(s).
Playing Tricks
This brings us to the “trick” I use
most often when measuring illuminance
in the field.Pay attention to the
shadows—not just the shadow of
your head on the light meter! Look at
your own shadows on the floor.
When your own shadows are equally
dark, you are probably equidistant from
each of the light sources.To make sure,
move back and forth a few steps
either way and watch one shadow
get darker, and the other lighter.Why
is this important Because the midpoint
between two fixture locations
could be a point of minimum light
level. It then follows that a point
Figure 1
Figure 2
between four fixtures should give you
four shadows of equal darkness. (I
almost typed “equal density” which is
more exact, but not as easy to read.)
Have you ever “counted” the shadows
each football player makes on
the field This tells you how many
sports floods are aimed at that point,
doesn’t it
Another example: A decorative
street lighting project in downtown
Madison,WI, uses semi-cutoff decorative
luminaires. A colleague pointed
out that there couldn’t have been
much horizontal light generated
because the streetlight across the
boulevard was able to cast a shadow
of the fixture and pole on an adjacent
wall (Figure 1). I studied this
installation in person and couldn’t
help myself from creating another
shadow on the wall with my arm.
The light across the boulevard created
a shadow of my arm on the
wall, as expected, but where my
arm-shadow crossed the pole-shadow,
you could see that the intersection
of the two shadows was darker
than the pole-shadow (Figure 2).
The analysis My arm-shadow blocked
the light from the near fixture, as
well as light from the one farther
away, and while the pole-shadow
was there, it was not as dark because
some of the high angle light was
washing some of it out.Again, more
than one shadow can tell you so
much about what is going on with
the light, or lights.
So pay attention to the shadows.
Especially if you are dealing with
multiple sources and locations of the
luminaires. Shadows can give you the
contrast necessary for good visualization
of the scene, but they can be
a good analysis tool also.
Doug Paulin, LC, is currently with
lighting rep firm Packerland Lighting
Sales, Inc., Egg Harbor,WI.Throughout
his career, he’s worked as an independent
lighting designer and has also held
positions ranging from product manager
and marketing manager for manufacturers
including Ruud Lighting,
Lithonia Lighting, Cooper Lighting and
Thomas Day-Brite Lighting.
December 2005 LD+A 17

LIGHTING FOR SECURITY
Ted Ake
PREVIOUS SEGMENTS IN
this series have addressed the need
for security lighting and equipment.
Areas with specific needs such as
closed spaces, multi- and single-family
dwellings, and parking facilities
have also been discussed.
This article will include two additional
high potential crime areas:
convenience stores and ATMs. Both
of these facilities are a product of
management’s desire for enhanced
customer convenience in our 24/7
lifestyle. Both operate during nighttime
hours and involve the handling
of cash and, therefore, can create an
attraction for criminal elements.
Proper lighting can be a powerful
tool in reducing such activities.
Convenience Stores
These have evolved from the small
“Mom & Pop” operations selling sundries,
groceries and gasoline to
mega-centers providing a full array of
meals, travel needs, automobile service
and, of course, gasoline. As in
any retail operation, outdoor lighting
At the convenience store pump island, sufficient illuminance must be provided
to enable employees inside the store to easily view outside activity. At
right, note the reflections of inside displays from the manager’s station.As a
result, island luminance must be bright enough to overcome reflections.
can be used to attract customers
and then provide a safe environment
to conduct business. In some
instances, the “attraction aspect” can
create unnecessary glare, light pollution
and trespass. Properly designed
security lighting systems should
never become a nuisance.
The area surrounding the fuel
pumps is of prime concern. While
pumping gas or washing the windshield
requires relatively low lighting
levels, sufficient illuminance must be
provided to enable employees inside
the store to easily view outside activity.The
ratio of outside-to-inside levels
must be low enough to prevent
windows from becoming mirrors.
To reduce crime, especially
shoplifting, the more sophisticated
facilities rely on CCTV (Closed
Circuit Television), which requires
adequate and properly directed
lighting. Such systems, when well
publicized, create a strong deterrent
to potential thieves. Other
deterrents include well-lighted
trash areas, proper cash handling, at
least two employees on duty in
even the smallest stores, and
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18 www.iesna.org

absence of advertising posters in
viewing windows.
ATMs
In just 35 years, the number of
ATMs worldwide has now reached
nearly 400,000.The vast majority of
transactions involve cash withdrawals.
The frequency and size of
these withdrawals naturally attracts
wrongdoers.The Bank Administrative
Institute’s ATM Study states that 50
percent of ATM crime occurs
between 7:00 PM and midnight,
despite the fact that this time period
involves only 10 percent of all transactions.
Similarly, 10 percent of ATM
crimes happen between midnight and
4:00 AM, when only one percent of
transactions occur.
ATM locations vary greatly, from
indoor locations, such as transportation
terminals, stores and hotels, to
outdoor areas such as drive-up, walkup
and remote freestanding units.
Indoor installations should be
located in the open, away from convenient
hiding spaces and easy
escape routes. In some locations,
glass partitions are required to provide
privacy and a view of any
threatening person.
Outdoor locations, of course,
require adequate security lighting. In
its list of potential liabilities, the
American
Bankers Association,
Security Officers include:
• Failing to install and maintain lighting
at ATM and the premises surrounding
the ATM.
• Failing to install security equipment,such
as surveillance cameras
and alarms, in ATM premises and
the immediate surroundings.
• Failing to trim and maintain shrubbery
outside the ATM premises
and adjacent parking areas.
• Failing to take measures to provide
safe sidewalks from the parking
lot to the ATM facility.
Walk-up locations, of course, have
a greater occasion for attack than
drive-up and therefore require
designs that are more sophisticated.
In order to provide time for changes
in customer adaptation, the IESNA
Guideline on Security Lighting G-1-03
recommends illuminance values of 20
lux from 50 ft to 10 ft and 100 lux
within 10 ft of the ATM. 1 Since ATM
screens are self-illuminated, very little
Failure to provide surrounding
lighting at outdoor ATMs is an
obvious liability issue.
vertical light is required on the
screen. The entire area should have
unobstructed views. Glass enclosures
are becoming more common and are
required in some locales. In some
instances, access to the enclosure
requires the use of a bankcard. 2
Especially at remote, stand-alone
locations, two security lighting principles
are of extreme importance:
owner-supplied perimeter lighting
and maintenance.These are high-risk
areas, therefore, the bank cannot
depend on others to light the space
surrounding the ATM location.As in
any area, a poorly maintained system
can lead to disaster. Each ATM must
be visited frequently to service and
supply the unit. Service personnel
should be trained to override the
controls and energize the lighting
system. Failed lamps should be
reported immediately and corrections
made within 24 hours.
When next you venture outdoors
at night, be aware of your surroundings.
Do you feel comfortable or
apprehensive If comfortable, say a
“thank you” to those who designed,
own and maintain the system.If apprehensive,
you must call attention to the
problem and offer your help.
Security lighting is everyone’s
responsibility.
Ted Ake, a Member Emeritus of
IESNA,is currently an adjunct professor in
the Building Construction Department at
Virginia Tech,serves on the Interior Design
Department’s Advisory Board at Radford
University and is a lecturer for the Virginia
Crime Prevention Association. He retired
from Hubbell Lighting in 2000.
References
1. ABA recommends higher values
2. Due to high crime rates, many
states and municipalities have created
ATM lighting ordinances. The
designer should become familiar
with these legal requirements.
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August 2005 LD+A 19

VOLUME 35, NUMBER 12 • December 2005
ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETYNEWS
Just In Time…
Held as a combination Centennial Celebration and
fund raiser for educational programs, the Philadelphia
Section hosted a Centennial Gala on September 17 at
the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, PA.
IESNA senior vice president, Kevin Flynn, was the guest
speaker at the event.
Research Committee Seeks Recruits
The IESNA Research Committee has recently revised its scope and objectives and is seeking
individuals in the lighting community to become active members of the committee.The
committee’s mission is to promote research in the lighting industry and to report and disseminate
information on worldwide research and lighting related research activity, collaborating
with the organizations and individuals carrying out research, facilitating the translation
of results and discoveries intended to improve the lighted environment. For more information,
contact the committee chair Richard Collins at Richard.collins@sylvania.com
IESNA
Calendar of Events
January 8-10, 2006
IESNA CENTENNIAL
CONFERENCE
Contact:Valerie Landers
212-248-5000 ext.117
www.iesna.org
Members In The News...
Morgan Gabler and Jim Youngston have partnered to start
their own architectural lighting design practice, Gabler-Youngston LP, in Atlanta..The new firm will
focus on lighting for commercial, institutional and hospitality interiors and exteriors.
Youngston and Gabler
The Lighting Practice, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, has named Julie Panassow as an associate principal.
Panassow, who joined the firm in 1992, has created complete lighting programs for corporations,
museums, academic institutions, healthcare facilities, airports and historic buildings. She was
most recently awarded an IIDA of Merit for relighting of the building façades and sculptures along
Philadelphia’s Benjamin Franklin Parkway.
Panassow
Leviton Manufacturing Company, Little Neck, NY, has appointed William Marshall to the
position of senior vice president of sales and marketing and Daryoush Larizadeh to senior vice president.
Matthew Silverman was also named training manager for Leviton Integrated Networks and Controls, and
Residential Lighting Control Products.
W.A.C. Lighting, Garden City, NY, has promoted John Camp to national sales manager. Most recently,
he served as product manager for the firm.
Marshall
OSRAM SYLVANIA, Danvers, MA, promoted Dwight Kitchen to vice president of sales for the
OEM/Special Markets sales channel.Kitchen served as director of sales for SYLVANIA LIGHTING SERVICES
(SLS) since 2002.
Ken Vannice has been selected by The Entertainment Technician Certification Program Council (ETCP)
as one of 11 “subject matters” experts who will help develop the industry’s first electrical certification.
Selected for their depth of knowledge, the individuals will work closely with psychometric services provider,
Applied Measurement Professionals (AMP), to develop the examinations.
Camp
December 2005 LD+A 21

IESNA Street and Area Lighting Conference
Taking It To The Street
Over 350 outdoor lighting professionals came together for the
24th Annual SALC Conference in San Diego, CA. This year’s
conference featured timely topics from well known speakers
on issues including security lighting, ordinances and liability, as
well a new product roundup, and networking and roundtable
discussions. Over 45 companies, including 13 new exhibitors,
featured products and services.
A keynote address was given by Crawford Lipsey, senior vice
president and general manager of Holophane. The SALC
Lifetime Service Award was presented to David Baum,
Holphane. Mark your calendar for the 25th SALC Conference in
Tampa, FL, October 8-11, 2006.
From left to right: John Bono, conference chair; David Baum;
and Richard Monsoor, SALC executive committee member
New Members
Membership Committee Chair Paul
Mercier announced the IESNA gained
four Sustaining Members and 75 members
(M), associated members and student
members in October.
Sustaining Members
Shremshock Engineering, Inc., Columbus, OH
Design West Engineering, San Bernardino, CA
Applied Lighting Concepts, Jacksonville, FL
Magna IV Engineering, Edmonton,AB, Canada
Canadian Region
Marcello Coronatta, Canlyte, Lachine, QC
Greg A. Janusz, M.T.S.,Winnipeg, MB
Mario Pharand, Canlyte, Inc., Lachine, QC
Sabine Marietta Susman, Lighting Group, Inc.,
Richmond Hill, ON
East Central Region
Steven J. Hirshenhorn, Marty Berman Associates,
Lansdale, PA
Juli A. Kale, Hadco, Littlestown, PA
Dahua Lin, Mullins Engineering Co., Odenton, MD
Timothy L. Raubenstine, Hanover Lantern, Inc.,
Hanover, PA
Daniel Serrano, Fox Electric Supply Co., Inc.,
Philadelphia, PA
Tammy D. Smith, Robert G. Dashiell Jr, PE, Inc.,
Norfolk,VA
The Pennsylvania State University
Michael A. Lombardi
Great Lakes Region
Steven J. Galley, Cannon Design, Grand Island, NY
Reece A. Prather (M), Shremshock Engineering, Inc.,
Columbus, OH
Michael Richards, M/E Engineering P.C., Buffalo, NY
Stephen A. Rogers,The Brewer-Garrett Co.,
Middleburg Heights, OH
Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh
Joon Ho Choi
South Pacific Coast Region
Kenneth Acampora (M), Hydrel - Lithonia Lighting,
Sylmar, CA
Douglas Avery (M), Southern California Edison,
Wildmar, CA
Russ F. Bahlenhorst Jr. (M), Ushio America, Inc.,
Cypress, CA
Derwin Bass (M), Builder’s Resource LLC,
Gardnerville, NV
Halley D. Fitzpatrick, Pacific Gas and Electric, San
Francisco, CA
John R. Freese (M), Light Factors, La Jolla, CA
Michael Keith Hendrix (M), Michael Brandman
Associates, San Bernardino, CA
George Kalta (M), Contractors Choice Lighting,
Valencia, CA
Todd K. Robinson,The Light Source, Salt Lake City, UT
David J. Seppelfrick, Speck Electrical Design, Inc.,
Honolulu, HI
Shannon Slattery, ERCO Lighting, Inc., Santa Monica, CA
Susan Sutherland-Bishop, OSRAM SYLVANIA,
Ramona, CA
Scott Thurm, Bartco Lighting, Inc., Huntington Beach, CA
Jeff T.Trueblood, Design West Engineering, San
Bernardino, CA
Academy of Art University
Umpornpol Yugala
Stanford University
Eelaine S. Buckholtz
Midwest Region
David Bettenhausen, Henderson Engineers, Inc.,
Lenexa, KS
Greg A. Miller (M), Border States Supply, Janesville,WI
Billy Onder, Lightolier, Maryland Heights, MO
Audra J. Relph, MKEC Engineering Consultants, Inc.,
Wichita, KS
Matt A. Smith, Brack & Associates Consulting
Engineers, P.A.,Topeka, KS
Mark Sullivan, Holophane, Barrington, IL
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Melissa A. Roth
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Lisa Anne Thompson
Southeastern Region
Jose R. Cedeno (M), Penuelas, PR
Jose J. Durand, JDR Engineers & Developers, Inc., San
Juan, PR
Jim Frazer (M), Strategic Telemetry, Inc., Lighthouse
Point, FL
Gustavo D. Macias, Lightolier, Miami, FL
Cynthia Neal,Applied Lighting Concepts, Jacksonville, FL
Northeastern Region
David L. Bay (M), OSRAM SYLVANIA, Danvers, MA
Mitchell Bloomberg (M),The Lighting Group, New
York, NY
Mark D. Carroll, Jersey City, NJ
Amanda J. Hammell, Clough, Harbour & Associates,
Albany, NY
Patrick G. Merosier (M), Domingo Gonzalez
Associates, New York, NY
Richard J. Potts, Clough Harbour & Associates LLP,
Albany, NY
Vasudha Ramamurthy, Zumtobel Staff Lighting, Inc.,
Highland, NY
Kazumi Tanimura,Atelier Lumiere, Inc., New York, NY
Benjamin J.White (M), Public Service Electric & Gas,
Lawrenceville, NJ
Boston Architectural Center
Patrick D. Rettig
Northwest Region
Michael E. Field MILE, RET (M), Magna IV Engineering,
Edmonton,AB
Craig V. Olson,Acme Integration, Inc., Post Falls, ID
Buzz Thielemann, RHT Energy Solutions, Medford, OR
BCIT
Meghean A.S. Kennedy
Portland State University
Clifford M. Bodell
Southwestern Region
Josh W. Joyce, Lockeby & Associates, Inc., Little Rock,AR
James McDaniel, Dynamic Lighting, Inc., Pearland,TX
Nathen C. Neal (M),Triple C Companies, Oklahoma
City, OK
Jack Story (M), U.S.Army Corps of Engineers, Forth
Worth,TX
Texas A&M University
Mini Malhotra
Southern Region
Gregory Bennorth (M), Universal Lighting
Technologies, Nashville,TN
Michael C. LaMountain (M), Pickering Firm,
Memphis,TN
Robert Rankin, Genlyte-Day-Brite/Capri/Omega,
Tupelo, MS
Paul C. Strong (M), Memphis Light, Gas and Water
Division, Memphis,TN
Art Institute of Charlotte
Melody K. Miller
International
Sun Gak Hong (M), Doyak Electronic Ind. Co. Ltd,
Bucheon, Korea
Aijaz M. Nakhawa (M),Tectronics, Dubai, United Arab
Emirates
Gregory J. Nelson (M), Philips Lighting, Shanghai,
China
Geoff Pendleton,Thorn Lighting, Smithfield,Australia
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
R.Arunraj
22 www.iesna.org

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA OCTOBER 2-5, 2005
SUSTAINING
MEMBERS
The following companies have elected to
support the Society as Sustaining Members
which allows the IESNA to fund programs that
benefit all segments of the membership and
pursue new endeavors, including education
projects, lighting research and recommended
practices. The level of support is classified by
the amount of annual dues, based on a
company’s annual lighting revenues:
Copper:
$500 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $4 million
(Copper members are listed in one issue of LD+A
each year, as well as in the IESNA Annual Report.)
Silver:
$1,000 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $10 million
Gold:
$2,500 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $50 million
Platinum:
$5,000 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $200 million
Emerald:
$10,000 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $500 million
Diamond:
$15,000 annual dues
Lighting revenues over $500 million
DIAMOND
Cooper Lighting
General Electric Co.
Lithonia Lighting
OSRAM SYLVANIA Products, Inc.
Philips Lighting Co.
EMERALD
Holophane Corporation
PLATINUM
Day-Brite Capri Omega
Lightolier
Lutron Electronics Co, Inc.
GOLD
A.L.P. Lighting Components Co.
Altman Lighting Inc
The Bodine Company
Canlyte Inc.
Con-Tech Lighting
Duke Power Co.
Edison Price Lighting, Inc.
Finelite, Inc.
Florida Power Lighting Solutions
Gardco Lighting
Indy Lighting, Inc.
Kenall Mfg Co.
The Kirlin Company
Kurt Versen Co.
LexaLite Int’l Corp
Lighting Services Inc
LiteTouch, Inc.
Louis Poulsen Lighting
LSI Industries, Inc.
Lucifer Lighting Co.
Martin Professional, Inc.
Musco Sports Lighting, Inc.
Niagara Mohawk Power Corp
Prudential Lighting Corp
RAB Lighting, Inc.
San Diego Gas & Electric
SPI Lighting
Vista Professional Outdoor Lighting
The Watt Stopper Inc.
Zumtobel Staff Lighting, Inc.
SILVER
Altoglas International
Altuglas International, Arkema Inc.
Associated Lighting Representatives. Inc.
Axis Lighting Inc.
Bartco Lighting, Inc.
Barth Electric Co., Inc.
Beta Lighting, Inc.
Birchwood Lighting, Inc.
BJB Electric Corporation
Border States Electric Supply
Bulbrite Industries, Inc.
Celestial Products
City of San Francisco
Con Edison of New York
Custom Lighting Services, LLC
Custom Lights, Inc.
Day Lite Maintenance Co.
Eastern Energy Services, Inc.
Eclipse Lighting, Inc.
Elko Ltd
Elliptipar
Enmax
Enterprise Lighting Sales
ETC Architectural
Eye Lighting Industries
Eye Lighting Int’l of NA
Fiberstars
Focal Point
Gammalux Systems
H E Williams, Inc.
HDLC
Illuminating Technologies, Inc.
Kramer Lighting
Lee Filters
Legion Lighting Co.
Leviton Mfg. Co. Inc.
Lightology LLC
LiteTech
Litecontrol Corp
Litelab Corp
Litetronics Int’l Inc.
Lowel Light Manufacturing
Lumascap USA Inc.
Manitoba Hydro
Manning Lighting
Metalumen Manufacturing, Inc.
OCEM/Multi Electric Mfg. Inc.
Optical Research Associates
Paramount Industries, Inc.
Peter Basso Associates, Inc.
Portland General Electric
Prescolite, Inc.
Reflex Lighting Group, Inc.
Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd. - Calgary
Sentry Electric Corporation
Shakespeare Composites & Structures
Southern California Edison
Sternberg Vintage Lighting
Strand Lighting, Inc.
StressCrete King Luminaire Co.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Universal Electric Ltd.
US Architectural Lighting/Sun Valley Lighting
Utility Metals
Velux America Inc.
WJ Whatley Inc.
WAC Lighting, Co.
Wisconsin Public Service Corp
Wybron, Inc.
Xenon Light, Inc.
IES SUSTAINING
MEMBERS
As of October 2005
December 2005 LD+A 23

INDUSTRY UPDATES
Three LED, SSL Joint
Ventures Announced
Lighting Services Inc (LSI), a manufacturer
of track, accent, display, fiber
optic, and now, solid-state lighting
(SSL) systems has formed a strategic
partnership with TIR Systems Ltd.,
the developer of the SSL product, the
LEXEL. With a large share of museum,
gallery and high-end retail lighting
markets, LSI says the partnership will
enable the two companies to develop
a range of LEXEL-based fixtures that
produce white light with a full range
of color temperatures.
TIR also signed a design collaboration
agreement with the Genlyte
Group to develop and market LEXELbased
products under the Lightolier
and Canlyte brands. The focus of this
design collaboration will be on developing
products for the retail, restaurant,
commercial and residential markets.
Meanwhile, Color Kinetics Inc. and
Litecontrol Corp. announced an agreement
that will apply Color Kinetics
technology to a LED-based product
line offered by Litecontrol. Consisting
of three offerings, the line will be based
on versatile Digital Light Engines
(DLEs), which apply Chromacore technology
to efficiently generate colored
light and color-changing effects. They
will also be compatible with Color
Kinetics’ line of intuitive controllers,
providing an integrated system for
diverse applications, from wall washing
to cove and accent lighting.
Growth is Good
In 2004, the Imperial Palace Hotel (formerly the Amiga) in Seoul,
South Korea, was expanded to nearly three times its size, while the
amount of hotel rooms doubled to 430. Re-opened in 2005, the additions
included a convention center, nine restaurants, a spa and a shopping
center.To maintain its meticulous ambiance and flexible buildingwide
control, the hotel uses an ETC Unison architectural lighting system,
which consists of sensor dimmers and theatrical fixtures. Pictured
is the Imperial Palace lobby.
LRC Selected by FAA To Study Airport Lighting
The Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,Troy, NY, was selected by the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) to join its Centers of Excellence program.The LRC will conduct lighting research as part of the
Center of Excellence for Airport Technology (CEAT), which focuses on airport structures, pavement materials, wildlife
issues, anti-icing and lighting. Specifically, the LRC will focus on the area of solid-state lighting and vision science.
The LRC will explore the potential performance and application of new light source technologies, primarily LEDs, in
airport and airfield lighting.The LRC will look at how these new technologies can be applied to light runways, taxiways,
approaches and other areas of the airfield.
For its first project with CEAT, the LRC will develop recommendations and metrics that consider the brightness perception
of LED lighting on the airfield.“Performance standards for LED systems based on traditional lighting metrics, like
luminance, are causing problems for viewers,” said LRC director of research, Nadarajah Narendran. As an example, he
says a green LED approach light is typically perceived as much brighter and less comfortable to view than an incandescent
green light of the same luminance.“A better metric is needed so that LED systems can be produced and used in
the field without causing discomfort to pilots,” he said.
The LRC will also work with the FAA to conduct psychophysical studies that compare the brightness perception of
colored and white LED lighting systems with incandescent lighting systems, which use filters to create colored light.
December 2005 LD+A 25

INDUSTRY UPDATES
Call for Entries:
GE Edison Award
Competition
GE Consumer & Industrial Lighting
announced a Call for Entries for the
23rd annual GE Edison Award competition.
New for 2005, residential lighting
projects submitted as entrants to the
2005 competition will also be entered
into a special category established for
residential projects only.The top residential
lighting design will receive an
Award for Residential Design.
All submitted projects must have
been completed between January 1,
2005 and December 31, 2005. Entries
must be received by January18, 2006.
For more information, visit
www.geedisonaward.com
Survey Says: LIGHTFAIR is a
‘Must-Experience’ Event
Why take LIGHTFAIR’s word for it when you can ask a nonbiased
party Following the conclusion of LIGHTFAIR INTERNATIONAL,
Moore & Symons, Inc.—an independent market research firm—conducted
a post-show study of attendees to determine their opinions and perceptions
of the conference.The survey revealed that 93 percent consider
LFI a “must-see” event and 95 percent consider LFI the gathering place for
the industry. LFI attendees said that they’re more likely to attend future
LFI shows vs. other industry shows like LDI and Light & Build.
About the trade show portion, 96 percent said LFI has a high-quality
set of exhibitors; 88 percent consider LFI a place to find new lighting
design ideas; 90 percent consider LFI a place to see a wide variety of
products; 91 percent consider LFI a source for discovering new trends in
the marketplace; and 90 percent say LFI is the place to see new, unique,
innovative products.
As for the conference side of LFI, 92 percent said LFI keeps them
informed of what’s going on in the industry and 89 percent said they
learn something valuable at LFI every year.
Lighting Manufacturer Wins State Environmental Award
Columbia Lighting of Spokane, was one of five Washington-based businesses that received the 2005 Governor’s Award
for Pollution Prevention & Sustainable Practices.The judges evaluated the entries based on innovations to reduce toxic
materials and waste and use less energy and water, as well as other ways they have protected the environment. In total,
four commercial businesses and a not-for-profit hospital were recognized.
New Look to New York’s Plaza Park
Liberty Plaza Park is undergoing a reconstruction that will create
a public sanctuary in the heart of lower Manhattan.The 33,000 sq ft
park will boast new foliage, new lighting and a central corridor for
foot traffic. Illuminating the park will be 500 thin, rectangular, inground
fluorescent lights.These fixtures have been specially designed
to be water- and air-tight, as well as easily replaceable.The $8 million
renovation should be completed by next summer.
Photos: Renderings courtesy of Cooper, Robertson & Partners LLC
Advance University
Curriculum
Approved by
NCQLP
Advance’s online ballast training
courses offered through their website
(Advance University) have been
accepted as an approved curriculum
by the National Council on
Qualifications for the Lighting
Professions (NCQLP).
Currently there are three course
levels being offered. The first level
(Ballast Basics 101) covers ballast
basics.The second level (Ballast Basics
201) features ballast troubleshooting
techniques as well as an introduction
to many newer lighting technologies.
Level three provides an overview of
the Digital Addressable Lighting
Interface (DALI) lighting standard and
its use in creating new and powerful
lighting designs.
Completion of the courses will
qualify NCQLP members for Lighting
Education Units (LEUs) within the
organization’s LC program. For more
information, visit www.advancetransformer.com/university
26 www.iesna.org

applications & solutions •
Martha Says: ‘You’re Hired’
The words “you’re fired” have sparked viewer curiosity week
after week and ultimately catapulted Donald Trump’s show, “The
Apprentice,” to high ratings. While the recently canceled “The
Apprentice: Martha Stewart” didn’t match the ratings of the
Trump show, it did provide a chance for several
companies to get invaluable exposure
for their interior furnishings products.
Just like Trump’s version, the contestants
on Stewart’s show have to set up camp in a
New York City living space. Rather than
reside in a suite at the Trump Tower on 5th Avenue, Martha’s spin-off has contestants staying in
a posh loft.
Traditional and contemporary furniture is mixed with clean, sleek lines in an industrial setting.
The design team consisted of Kelly Van Patter (production designer); Bridget Edwards (set decorator);
and David Park (lighting designer).
South Florida lighting manufacturer Luraline was chosen to provide lighting fixtures for the loft.
Selected for the kitchen area were the Reflecta silver dome pendants.The pendants add an industrial
touch to the contemporary styled kitchen, which consists of stainless steel counters and rolling units that complement
the dark family style tables and center-island.“We received all the lighting by contacting Luraline directly and
asking them to participate in our product placement for the show,” said Van Patter.“Basically, we decorated the entire
loft by having different vendors supply us with product in exchange for exposure.” Illuminating the bathroom area are
wave pendants, which feature an eclectic style that blends well with the loft’s modern décor.
“The only challenge was the set director’s need for the product in such a short time frame,” said Kurt M.
Mandelik, Luraline’s vice president,“but we were able to ship the product to the client within their time restraints.”
Between the fixtures and the finishes selected, designers achieved the look they were after from the very beginning.
The Project: The contestant
loft for the “The Apprentice:
Martha Stewart” television
show, New York, NY
The Challenge: Incorporate an
industrial lighting design into
a contemporary styled loft.
The Solution: Pendant
lighting fixtures
—John-Michael Kobes
December 2005 LD+A 27

• applications & solutions
Beachfront Lighting Proves to be
an Environmentally Safe Addition
Every summer, sea turtles make their way to the shores of South Florida, each laying about 100 eggs in 40,000
to 70,000 nests in the sand.The only way the mothers and their young can make their way back to water is by
following the moon and starlight that reflects off the sea.
Artificial lighting landward of the beach can also deter turtles from emerging from the ocean and nesting. In addition,
if a hatchling is unable to see the ocean horizon or if artificial light is visible, the hatchling may become disoriented
and crawl toward a landward light source.
One of the larger nesting areas in the state is the
Beachwalk,a 3400-ft long x 15-ft wide paved public access
trail that winds its way up Miami Beach’s eastern shore.
Coastal Systems International, Inc. coordinated with
Bradshaw Gill & Associates, (landscape architects); QRE
Associates, (project architect); and Form+Surfaces, (project
lighting manufacturers) to make the trip safer for the
sea turtles.
The team installed Triada pedestrian lighting.Constructed
of rustproof aluminum,the pole-top luminaire is engineered
to withstand salt spray and the extreme winds to which the
area is regularly subjected. Unlike many conventional
The Project: The Miami Beachwalk,
Miami, FL
The Challenge: Install lighting that
meets the varying criteria of a tropical
environment that is both a tourist
destination and sea turtle habitat
The Solution: Pole-top luminaires
shields, which are positioned next to the lamp, this exterior shield minimizes wraparound
light and bypass glow that are known to have hazardous navigational impacts on turtle hatchlings.
“The project required a design that would integrate aesthetically with the nautical environment and provide
extreme durability and unique features exacted by the site specific conditions,” said Tod Kopco, director of custom
manufacturing, Forms+Surfaces.
In the end, the installation, which began in 2004 and is still on going, benefited the city, its many visitors and the
precious marine species that live in this environmentally sensitive and heavily regulated beachfront area.
—John-Michael Kobes
28 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P R. O. J . E C. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P . R O. J. E C. T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EMPHASIZING REGIONALISM OVER NOSTALGIA, PETCO PARK
CELEBRATES SAN DIEGO EVEN MORE THAN BASEBALL
By Paul Tarricone
Sports lights hang off the front of two
200-ft high infield towers (far left).
These vertical structures behind
home plate house suites and break
up the seating bowl, creating different
“neighborhoods” within the stadium.
Conventional sports light racks could
not be used for these lights.
Petco Park is not kind to power hitters. With
its deep outfield fences, the spacious home
of the San Diego Padres turns what would
be home runs in other ballparks into harmless
flyball outs. So it stands to reason that Padres’
slugger Ryan Klesko would want to distance himself
from Petco after a game. Guess again. Klesko
has a condo at the Omni Hotel right next to the
ballpark and out his window he can look down
into the stadium. “I haven’t gone down to take
BP in my pajamas or anything,” he told Sports
Illustrated, “but I can roll out of bed and boom,
I’m already at the ballpark.”
Pretty cool. In fact, “California Cool” might be
the best way to describe Petco Park, its architecture
and its lighting. Notably, even the Padres’
website emphasizes the stadium’s San Diego
vibe over the baseball experience. “Architecturally
magnificent, it celebrates the sea, the sky, the
natural beauty, cultural diversity and unique spirit
of our region,” proclaims a fact sheet on the
stadium. “The relaxed yet dynamic atmosphere
reflects the San Diego lifestyle.”
Building materials include steel, natural stone,
stucco and brick. Two large, sandstone “garden
buildings” that frame the home plate entrance
(and provide fans a “peaceful refuge” and restaurants,
concession stands and outdoor terraces)
and lush landscaping each reinforce the regional
design approach of HOK Sport (executive architect)
and Antoine Predock (design architect). To
make the San Diego experience complete,
there’s even a patch of beach behind the rightcenter
field fence.
Illume/M-E Engineers, Wheat Ridge, CO, was
responsible for all architectural lighting, including
the plaza outside the stadium, the garden buildings,
the stadium façade, the concourses, restaurants,
suites, as well as the sports lighting.
SAN DIEGO TO
PHOTOS: TIMOTHY HURSLEY
The Core
30 www.iesna.org December 2005 LD+A 31

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P R O J E C T
By combining different light sources,
designers were able to accentuate one
of the sandstone “garden buildings”
(left), as well as the industrial steel and
precast concrete stadium infrastructure.
“Inconspicuous” is the word most often used to describe
the design approach. Indeed, there is an almost complete
absence of decorative lighting elements. “It’s not your typical
ballpark with lots of overhead lighting,” says Joy
Yamada of Illume/M-E Engineers. “The lighting of Petco
Park distills lighting design to the very basics: light reveals
architecture and stages a comfortable and exciting nighttime
experience. Because of Petco’s monumental scale, it
was essential to provide a multi-layered lighting design
that balances and articulates the building’s unique forms,
rich limestone palette and desert landscape, as well as provide
the functional requirements for fan amenities, assembly,
circulation, hospitality and operations.”
Lighting for Scale
Designers used a combination of different light sources
with excellent color rendering capabilities for architectural
floodlighting and more localized lighting. Light levels
and fixture locations lead people through the stadium,
creating a staging hierarchy that reinforces the scale and
energy of the facility.
Ceramic metal halide uplights (70-W) wash the stone
façades of the garden buildings and highlight palm trees.
Along with other plaza lighting systems, they create layers
of light that “downsize” the stadium at the entrance
near home plate.
Yamada calls the light fixtures “utilitarian. ...There was
not a huge budget available. We used a standard kit of
parts and ‘hid’ them.” For example, shielded compact fluorescent
steplights with 26-W double biax lamps provide
a soft glow on the upper level of the garden buildings, texturizing
the limestone walls. Palm trees are highlighted
with 70-W ceramic metal halide lamps. In the club below,
incandescent and halogen sources create a lantern effect.
As patrons walk to the garden buildings, intimate lowlevel
lighting with affordable, continuous 3000K lensed
striplights, is concealed beneath planters, providing a
strong visual link between the stadium and these structures.
For the stadium façade, uplights located at steel
columns and upper sunscreens use 70-W ceramic metal
halide lamps. Shielded area floodlights, with 250-W
32 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P R O J E C T
Block Party
The $449.4 million ballpark complex is just one piece
of a 26-block downtown redevelopment initiative that
includes restaurants, shopping, museums and other
tourist attractions. As a result, Petco’s sports lighting
can’t upset the neighbors.
“Each project has its own unique issues, and Petco had
more than its share,” says Ed Ragain, president of M-E
Engineers, who was responsible for the sports lighting
aspect. “Direct glare and indirect reflective glare were
significant issues in the design process due to the location
of the park, existing development and proposed
high-rise development around the park. Glare models
were prepared to support the impact the sports lighting
would have on the environment, along with a detailed
inventory of all existing buildings in a four-block radius
around the park.”
As is common in stadium projects, light trespass considerations
also factored in. “Several lighting and environmental
goals were presented to us by the city, or permission
for the project would be in jeopardy,” says
Ragain. “Dark Sky issues, surrounding roadway issues,
hotel room views into the seating bowl at night, the team
owner’s condominium viewing into the bowl at night
and the waterfront environment all were addressed during
design.”
Inside the stadium, lighting hangs off the front of two
200-ft high infield towers—vertical structures behind
home plate that house suites and also serve to break up
the seating bowl, creating different “neighborhoods”
within the stadium. “The design architect wanted a different
‘look’ from other ballparks,” says Ragain.
Consequently, normal sports light racks could not be
used for these lights. Other issues inside the bowl were
shadow control for high definition lighting and balance of
illumination across the playing field.
Lighting solutions included mixing 2000-watt and
1500-watt products along with special glare and spill light
shielding. The shielding was provided for sports fixtures
Two “garden buildings” (foreground center and right)
frame the home plate entrance. A silhoutte lighting
approach provides drama and contrast.
metal halide lamps, provide ambient light for the main
and upper concourses. Continuous wallwashers with fluorescent
lamps provide a uniform soft glow on stucco
walls and steel trusses on the main and club levels.
GE supplied the lighting for Petco Park, and the project
received a 2004 GE Edison Award of Merit.
‘Inconspicuous’ is the word
most often used to describe the
design approach. Indeed, there is
an almost complete absence of
decorative lighting elements
with direct line of sight to areas outside the bowl at
motorist intersections. The fixture aiming strategy
included multiple full-zone aiming schemes to control
hard line shadows on the playing field. “This aiming
strategy was created by our staff for NBA and NHL arenas
around the country, and we have incorporated some
of these ideas for outdoor facilities,” Ragain adds.
On the field, inside the stadium gates and out on the
plaza grounds, Petco Park embodies San Diego. It’s no
surprise a Southern California surfer boy like Ryan
Klesko feels right at home.
About the Designers: Martin E. Ragain, LEED AP,
is president and co-founder of M-E Engineers, Inc.
His experience includes sports facilities, institutional,
health care, historic renovations, industrial, science
and technology, commercial, and power generation
facilities. Mr. Ragain has authored technical
reports on sports lighting for the NFL, NBA, NHL,
and MLB along with providing sports lighting and
environmental impact studies for several new professional sports facilities
around the world. He has received multiple IIDA Awards for his
sports projects.
Joy Yamada is an associate at Illume/M-E Engineers
and director of the lighting department for six
offices in the U.S. and London. Project experience
includes commercial office buildings, master planning,
hospitality, retail and residential. She is an
associate member of the IALD.
Krystof Pavek, Member IESNA (1991), formerly of
Illume M-E Engineers, is now designer/owner of
Luminatica, a lighting design consulting firm in
Rancho Santa Fe, CA, and product designer with
Auroralight, Inc., Carlsbad, CA. He holds a Masters
degree in lighting from Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute’s Lighting Research Center, and has
received four design awards.
December 2005 LD+A 33

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D . E S. IP G. ROJECT N. T. R. E N. D. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D . E S. IPROJECT
G. N. T. R. E N. D. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PHOTO: RICHARD PAYNE
Large-scale pendant lanterns at the main
entrance and limited exterior lighting
give the building architectural form.
Weekend Warriors
to World-Class
pus amenity. Lighting for this facility needs
to address the wide range of uses housed in
the same facility and wrap them all up in an
energized, upscale look. Before any lighting
for the interior was considered, an inviting
exterior presence had to be established for the
center that worked both day and night.
Working closely with Hughes Group Architects,
Horton Lees Brogden (HLB) designed lighting
that would make sure the multiple views into
the building became glowing advertisements
at night that beckon the passerby to enter and
explore. Large-scale pendant lanterns at the
main entrance and limited exterior building
lighting proved to be an effective and economical
solution that gives the building form.
Full Workout
Meanwhile, the project scope for the interior
encompassed everything you would
expect to find in this new generation of
recreational centers, including:
Natatorium. The natatorium houses an
Olympic-size pool with a 10-meter diving
tower and spectator stands. Activities range
from general recreational and instructional to
full-blown NCAA competition. Along with the
given lighting requirements for safety, corrosion
resistance and incumbent lighting levels
comes the need to add a little more “zip” to
the natatorium during competitions. While
the university was not interested in NBA-style
spot-lighted player intros, HLB was able to
provide a bit more “focus” on the pool and
the swimmers by utilizing narrow distribution
fixtures that pump the 500 lux of
general/recreational lighting up to a tightly
controlled 1000 lux on the pool alone. Two
400-W pulse-start metal halide fixtures with
two different lighting distributions were
attached to the roof trusses and are serviced
from a gantry that spans the natatorium. Four
preset scenes were achieved with careful circuiting
and low-voltage relay switching.
Diving Tower. Two considerations must be
met when lighting a diving tower. The diver
must be able to see the surface of the water
and the spectator has to see the diver. The
speed at which this all happens adds an extra
burden to the visual system and thus the
lighting. Comprehensive studies were performed
to ensure that the vertical illumination
from the top of the diver’s trajectory to
the water surface were uniform, of a high
level (1000 lux) and did not create disability
glare for the diver (particularly at the platform
level). The vertical illumination was
achieved through 150-W metal halide flood-
Athletes
LIGHTING DESIGN AT THE NEW
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
RECREATION CENTER
ACCOMMODATES ATHLETES OF
ALL STRIPES
The gym is no longer the sole domain of the jock. In fact,
the gym isn’t just the gym anymore. It has become the
athletic center. Along with the essential natatorium,
gymnasium and weight room come leisure pools, climbing
walls, water slides, a sea of exercise equipment and even the
spa. The user base has logically expanded from the hard-core
athlete to include everyone from the simply health-conscious to
those just looking to relax and maybe find their next date.
At 264,000 sq ft, the University of Houston’s new Campus
Recreation and Wellness Center is the epitome of the new cam-
Safety, corrosion resistance, proper lighting levels and even the
need to add some spark to NCAA swimming competitions drove
the lighting design of the natatorium.
PHOTO: TIMOTHY HURSLEY
34 www.iesna.org
December 2005 LD+A 35

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D . E S . I PROJECT G . N . T . R . E N . D . S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lights that cross-lit the tower at 45 deg on
both sides (in plan view). Lighting of the
diver’s path close to the water surface added
the extra levels needed at the surface (in
combination with a water sprayer that creates
surface turbulence).
Multi-Purpose Gymnasium. While traditional
gymnasiums were typically lighted
with 400-W pulse-start metal halide high-bay
fixtures, the multi-purpose gymnasium needed
more attention because of its diverse uses.
In both the traditional and multi-use gymnasium
(as well as the natatorium), lighting
designers recommended that the ceilings and
ceiling elements (acoustical panels, ducts,
etc.) be of a high reflectance value to promote
visual comfort and reduce brightness contrast
between the fixtures and the ceiling beyond.
In the multi-purpose gymnasium the nearly
white ceiling provided an opportunity for
uplighting to create the lower, soft ambient
lighting levels required for non-athletic uses.
Asymmetric fluorescent uplights were located
on the lower flange of the trusses and circuited
to provide three levels of lighting
(200/300/500 lux) through switching.
Exercise Equipment Area. No matter
how you try to work it, you always end up
sweating on your back in the exercise area.
To minimize the pain of exercise, HLB utilized
pendant-hung linear fluorescent
uplights to provide comfortable general illumination
no matter which way the user
was facing and just enough small accent
lights to highlight the sparkle of the hightech
exercise equipment in an effort to
reinforce the dynamic nature of the space.
Rock-Climbing Wall. The big enticement to
visit the athletic center is a view of the rockclimbing
wall as you enter the facility. It is seen
just beyond the check-in desk on the opposite
side of the palm tree-filled rotunda with its
jumbo video screen. The climbing wall clearly
had to stand out amid all this visual competition.
The right lighting to create this visual
focus and to provide a user-friendly, safe experience
was key. PAR38 metal halide fixtures
were located at the ceiling level and at various
PHOTO: TIMOTHY HURSLEY
At the rock-climbing wall, the angle of the
lighting was critical to dramatize the craggy
texture of the wall, but without creating
disability glare.
The ceiling in the multi-purpose gym has a high reflectance value to promote visual
comfort and reduce brightness contrast between the fixtures and the ceiling beyond.
PHOTO: COURTESY OF HLB
36 www.iesna.org
December 2005 LD+A 37

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. O. V. E R. S. T. O . R Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C O. V. E . R S. T. O . R Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The city of Memphis is a crock
pot full of musical flavors. Rock
n’ roll, jazz, blues, country and
gospel can all be found and heard in
the city, especially when the tunes
are blaring from one of America’s
liveliest entertainment districts,
Beale Street. However, in 2001, a different
kind of sound—the noise of
cheering crowds and squeaky sneakers—was
heard when the city
acquired its first NBA franchise.
Bear in mind, the Grizzlies franchise
spent its first six seasons in
Vancouver, playing to a half-empty
arena. After the Canadian venture
failed, Memphis emerged as the primary
destination for relocation when
FedEx (headquartered in the city)
joined the effort to lure the franchise
to the area with the promise of a new,
state-of-the-art multipurpose facility.
The project’s total cost is often
quoted at $250 million, but that figure
includes expenditures for renovations
and upgrades at the nearby
Pyramid, which served as the team’s
interim home arena. Completed in
2004, the FedExForum features
more than 800,000 sq ft of facility
space, making it the largest public
building construction project in the
city’s history. Besides NBA action,
the 18,200-seat arena also hosts
home games for the NCAA Memphis
Tigers, as well as showcasing hockey/ice
shows (integrated ice floor
option), concerts, family and trade
shows, rodeos and indoor motorsports.
Inside the facility, guest comforts
and amenities include a main
concourse, 64 total suites (28 lower
level; 32 at club level; four party
suites at club level), a team store,
casual sports bar, premium restaurants
and lounges, and interactive
displays and exhibits. Additional
exterior components include a fivefloor
adjoining garage for 1200 vehicles
and a four-story administrative
office building, which also houses
the Smithsonian Institution’s Rock
N’ Soul Museum.
Grasping Your Roots
The New Memphis Arena Public
Building Authority, which oversaw
the construction process, tapped
sports architecture and engineering
firm Ellerbe Becket, Kansas City,
MO, to handle a large portion of the
lighting and architectural needs. The
areas included the team store, all
restaurants and bars (except for the
Backstage restaurant), concourses,
team store, lobby, event floor and
seating areas, dressing rooms and
the exterior lighting. Liles Engineering
and Looney Ricks Kiss, both
Memphis-based firms, and general
contractor MA Mortenson, Minneapolis,
MN, were also instrumental in
the completion of the forum.
Designers wanted to develop a
facility that integrated the culture of
the NBA into the historical scale and
context of the neighborhood.
Seeking inspiration, Ellerbe Becket
referred back to another one of its
NBA arena projects, the Conseco
Field House, Indianapolis, IN.
For the FedExForm, this connection
to the surrounding area begins
when spectators make their way
towards the arena’s 35,000 sq ft
exterior plaza, which acts as a runway
for fans arriving and departing
the facility. Designers selected a
The forum’s combination of a large
glass façade and high interior
footcandle illumination levels
created a nighttime transparent
effect that connects the exterior
activity to the interior activity.
Fed Excellent
PHOTOS: TIM HURSLEY
THE FEDEXFORUM MIGHT BE IN THE HEART OF
THE MEMPHIS MUSIC SCENE, BUT WITH ITS INSTANT
SUCCESS, IT’S FEELING ANYTHING BUT THE BLUES
By John-Michael Kobes
Adventure
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C O V E R S T O R Y
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C O V E R S T O R Y
Blue Note lounge combines the
nostalgia of Memphis blues with
a contemporary setting.
A view from one of the forum’s 32
private club suites.
darkened red hue (four shades of it)
for the arena façade, which also
coincides with the red-brick finish
that can be found on some of the
older buildings, as well as the new
Gibson Guitar Co. Once inside,
guests are greeted by a 12,500 sq ft
main entry, which features the
Grizzlies Den team store and the
Jack Daniel’s Old No. 7 sports bar
and the team’s practice court.
The forum’s combination of a
large glass façade and high interior
footcandle illumination levels created
a nighttime transparent effect
that connects the exterior activity to
the interior activity. This was
accomplished by using an industrial
grade highbay 16 in. prismatic
Incandescent downlights, pendants
and wall sconces light Opus, a fine
dining facility with views of the
arena floor.
acrylic reflector with one, 400-W
pulse start metal halide (in the
lobby) and an industrial grade highbay
22 in. borosilicate glass optic
with one, 1000-W pulse start metal
halide (the practice court areas).
Both fixtures were provided by
Hubbell Lighting. The concourse
also includes 70-W metal halide
downlights and eight in. 70-W
direct pendant cylinder fixtures,
both from Prescolite.
In The Zone
Located on the main concourse is
the First Tennessee Club which
offers seat holders a few different
dining and socializing options. The
first is Opus, a 350-seat fine dining
Designers wanted to develop a facility that
integrated the culture of the NBA into the
historical scale and context of the
neighborhood
facility that features hardwood
floors, a 30-seat bar and a number
of unique views of the arena floor.
Offering a hipper, less formal
atmosphere is the Blue Note lounge,
which combines the nostalgia of
Memphis blues with a contemporary
style. There are also several
mini restaurants around the concourse.
These were fitted with
incandescent downlights for general
illumination and several pendants
and wall sconces for accent lighting.
This private level also features 32
club suites and 80 club boxes. Suite
corridors on this level are equipped
with eight in. 32-W cylinders, which
were installed in the portion of corridor
with no ceiling, while four in.
75-W MR16 accent luminaires were
used in areas with a ceiling.
“To bring out the different environments
and displays along the
interior of the public concourses,
the lighting levels vary to enhance
both the wayfinding and the fan
experience,” said Jon Neimuth, lead
designer, Ellerbe Becket. “For example,
in darker transitional areas
there’s accent lighting on wall displays
and in areas of thematic
development there are high levels of
illumination.”
Floor Control
The building is operated by a
MicroLite Lighting control system.
There is main control in the engineer
room as well as a control room
overlooking the event floor and
seating area which is known as the
arena bowl. The control room features
T8 2x2 and 2x4 troffers
(Columbia Lighting) and 35-W, 20
deg cylinder spot luminaires (USA
Illumination Inc.). Quad controls
42 www.iesna.org
December 2005 LD+A 43

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C O V E R S T O R Y
The control room overlooking the event floor
features T8 troffers plus 35-W spot fixtures.
activate all the lighting for nonevent
times when the arena is being
cleaned or set up for an event.
Barbara Hoppas, principal and electrical
engineer (formerly of Ellerbe
Becket), said, “The system is set up
so that there are two levels of control:
the relays must be activated
(on) and then there is also individual
control (light switches or dimmers)
in the individual areas (office,
suite toilet, concessions, etc).”
The arena bowl was designed primarily
for two sports (basketball
and hockey). Currently there is no
professional hockey team playing at
the arena, however, lighting can be
incorporated if needed. Other lighting
systems were included so that
the 1000-W clear metal halide Z-
lamp with blackout shield sport
lighting is only used for sporting
events. These include a 1000-W
clear metal halide Z-lamp worklights
(Musco Lighting); 1500-W
quartz halogen house lights (GE);
and source four 575-W aisle lighting
(ETC), which were fitted with
framed shutters and gobos, so light
is limited to the aisles and
vestibules during concerts and
other blackout times like player
introductions and half-time shows.
The 45,000 pound scoreboard is
22 ft-high x 38 ft-wide and includes
two 360 deg full-color LED screens
on the top and bottom and four additional
color video screens on all sides.
When asked what he was most
proud of after the completion of the
project, Niemuth said, “The way in
which the project seems as active
and vibrant during the evening as it
does during the day. The project
through its different architectural
design elements takes on two distinct
visual characteristics.”
For years, Beale Street had the gigs,
but today, it finally has game, too.
About the Designers:
During his 10 years with
Ellerbe Becket, Jon D.
Niemuth, AIA, has been
responsible for leading the
design and planning of
such projects as Qwest
Field, Exhibition Center
and Parking Garage, Seattle, WA; the University
of Connecticut, Rentschler Field, East Hartford,
CT, and the George Mason University
Fieldhouse, Fairfax, VA. Mr. Niemuth’s academic
background includes a Bachelor of
Architectural Studies, Master of Architecture
and Master of Urban Planning/Urban Design
from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Barbara L.S. Hoppas,
Member IESNA (2001), is
currently principal and
president of Bredson &
Associates, Inc. Ms. Hoppas
holds a Bachelor of
Science in architectural
engineering from Kansas
State University, Manhattan, KS. She was formerly
with Ellerbe Becket, where she managed
electrical design for professional and collegiate
sports facilities.
44 www.iesna.org

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I I D A P R O J E C T
The main trading floor incorporates
asymmetric cove lights mounted within
specially designed ceiling panels.
PHOTO CREDIT: JON MILLER, HEDRICH BLESSING
THE BANK OF AMERICA TRADING
FLOOR SATISFIES LIGHT-SENSITIVE
TRADERS WHILE ADDING SIZZLE TO
THE CHARLOTTE, NC, SKYLINE
UP
TRADING
How do you light a 50-ft tall trading floor
for 600 traders in a building with glazed
walls, north, south, east and west facing
clerestories, while also creating a visually exciting,
comfortable environment for one of the
world’s largest banking institutions You
engage a team of consultants with expertise in
integrating all of the vast mechanical, electrical,
telecommunications, life safety, and acoustical,
architectural and lighting systems.
The Bank of America engaged the same
design team that designed the trading arena for
UBS in Stamford—the largest column free-trading
arena (800 traders) in the world. The collaborative
was led by Mustafa Abadon of Skidmore
Owings & Merrill (SOM); Cosentini Associates
served as the MEP consultants; and Cosentini
Lighting Design worked as the lighting consultants.
Cosentini lighting designers Stephen
Margulies and Marianne Maloney received an
2005 IIDA Award of Excellence for the project.
Multi-functional Ceiling
There were several challenges to this project.
The first was to develop an integrated ceiling
design that would accommodate air, sprinklers
and lights, and one that would complement the
architecture. A combination of indirect and
direct lighting provides the best visual environment
for this type of space. The wing-like ceiling
design for the main trading floor evolved
from of a series of models and mockups. This
ceiling design had to complement the unique
roof structure designed by SOM and accommodate
all of the lighting components. A full-size
mockup was helpful in determining the effect
December 2005 LD+A 47

The open glazed north wall
accommodates daylight,
creates a stunning view
into the trading floor and
makes for a dramatic
addition to the skyline.

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I I D A P R O J E C T
at the ends of the ceiling panels where the
dimension eventually approaches zero as the
wing panel touches the flat ceiling. The last
cove light fixture had to be separately dimmed
to make the appropriate transition. The main
trading floor incorporates two rows of concealed
asymmetric distribution fluorescent
cove lights mounted within the folded ceiling
panels. High output T5 lamps were used in
small optical assemblies.
Additional recessed ceramic metal halide
lamps were used to provide the direct lighting
component. The ceramic metal halide lamps
were used for their good color and reasonably
long lamp life. To complete the three-dimensional
modeling of the ceiling, semi-recessed wallmounted
compact fluorescent uplights were
used at the edges of the room. These fixtures illuminated
the underside of the ceiling panels. The
combination of these three lighting components
provided up to 45 footcandles, glare free.
A preset dimming system was designed to
control all of the trading area lighting systems,
maximize daylight harvesting and time-of-day
scheduling. The dimming system also controlled
all of the automated shade systems and the all of
the non-dimmed lighting loads throughout the
facility. The integrated control system allowed us
to easily commission the entire project in one
day and one evening. The system also benefits
users, allowing them full command from one
point of control, and provides significant energy
savings through time-of-day control, in addition
to the daylight harvesting.
Making Use of Daylight
The second challenge was to assess the effectiveness
of all of the fenestrations for what we
call “useable” daylighting. Traders have a reputation
for wanting to work in a dark room.
They’re jokingly called “vampires” because of
their sensitivity to light. This reputation comes
from years of exposure to bad lighting equipment
and designs used in conjunction with bad
monitors and trading turrets. Today’s monitors
are much more tolerant of ambient light than
those used five years ago. The lighting systems
do not have to be designed around reflections
in monitors any longer.
Extensive daylighting studies were performed
to evaluate the extent of useable daylight and to
develop a daylight control strategy for all of the
fenestrations. Each fenestration was assessed
for sky brightness and direct sun. A solar tracking
diagram was created to develop appropriate
shielding elements for each fenestration. The
shades on the north wall were angled 23 deg
from true north to accommodate the buildings
orientation. Each of the clerestories had individually
controlled shades. All of the shades were
designed to have 40 percent transmission to
Ceiling panels contain
indirect lighting and
recessed downlighting to
provide up to
45 footcandles, glare-free.
Traders have a reputation
for wanting to work in a
dark room. They’re jokingly
called ‘vampires’ because of
their sensitivity to light
reduce exposure. Blackout shades were considered
but deemed unnecessary.
This trading floor optimized the available daylight.
Automated shades were designed to track
the sun and to only allow diffuse daylight into
the room. The electric lights are either dimmed
or turned off when not required. The 50-ft tall
north wall of glass also had automated shades
to provide protection from excessive sky brightness,
which occurred early in the morning
throughout the year and at varying times during
the work day. During commissioning of the
lighting and shades, designers established a
time of day when the shades should rise, should
they be down because of sky brightness conditions.
When the 4:00 bell rang that signifies the
close of the markets, the shades would rise.
That great idea only lasted a few days. The
December 2005 LD+A 49

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I I D A P R O J E C T
The 50-ft high winged ceiling integrates
lighting, air and sprinklers.
traders, to the dismay of the lighting designers,
wanted the north wall to always be open regardless
of sky conditions. Who would have guessed
that these creatures of the night would want to
work in near full daylight Each project brings
new lessons learned.
Meanwhile, the support areas around the
trading arena were designed for full flexibility.
Enclosed offices can be created or demolished
without any construction trades. All architectural,
mechanical, electrical, fire protection and
lighting systems were modular in design allowing
for restacking without major construction.
This was very attractive to the bank. This strategy,
although having higher first costs, has a
two-year payback and is very sustainable. Not
disposing of construction debris every time an
office is changed has a great impact on the
environment. To allow for partition relocation
without the need for fixture relocation, 24-in.
long, eight-in. wide recessed fluorescent light
fixtures were spaced on the five-ft planning
module. Mechanical and fire protection systems
followed suit, as well.
A Second Floor
A second trading floor was designed with
similar lighting design principles. The ceiling
height was approximately 30 ft, but the ceiling
design was very different from the main trading
arena. Wall-mounted, semi-recessed compact
fluorescent ceiling wash lights were applied to
provide the room with an indirect lighting component.
Ceramic metal halide downlights were
integrated into the ceiling to provide a direct
lighting component. The downlights were
installed in slots in the ceiling to further reduce
the brightness and for visual interest.
This trading floor faces south and a unique
shading system was provided to protect the
50 www.iesna.org

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I I D A P R O J E C T
Blue fluorescent billboard fixtures illuminate the
cutouts in the roof and are visible to occupants of
other building and even plane passengers.
occupants from extensive direct solar glare.
These large motorized wall panels with a unique
luminous panel can be opened or closed
depending upon the daylighting condition. The
combination of direct and indirect lighting created
the appropriate visual environment.
The other interior spaces were designed to
promote comfortable breakout areas for the
traders. “Mixer” stations were created for the
open areas where the traders could relax, get a
beverage or get their mail. These millwork stations
were designed to incorporate indirect
lighting to provide a spacious comfortable public
area. Cutout panels in the ceiling combined
with compact fluorescent downlights, decorative
wall sconces and wallwashers helped create
a unique atmosphere.
Civic Image
The project as viewed from the city creates a
new and unique image for this banking institution.
The open trading floor appears to look like
a futuristic loading bay for aircraft. The open
glazed north wall allows great sightlines into this
dramatic addition to the skyline. The unique
image extends to the sky, as the building is visible
to incoming planes and occupants of other
buildings. Blue fluorescent billboard fixtures illuminate
the cutouts in the roof structure.
All of the lamps specified were extremely
efficient and provided exceptional color rendering
properties throughout the facility. All light
sources used are rated for long life making this
facility easy to maintain. The trading area will
be group re-lamped once a year over a weekend
to ease maintenance. Tungsten halogen
lamps were used in few specialty areas minimizing
maintenance efforts even further.
Finally, the energy utilized for the project was
extremely low. The overall project consumed a
connected load of 1.4 watts per sq ft. The
“effective” power density was reduced by an
estimated 50 percent, utilizing only .7 watts
per sq ft when considering the benefits of daylight
harvesting and time-of-day scheduling.
The design team was surprised when it ran the
numbers. It caused the team to go back and reanalyze
the design to make sure it had not
overlooked anything. But it all seemed to add
up on the Bank of America trading floor.
About the Designer: Stephen Margulies,
Member IESNA (1981), IALD, joined
Cosentini Associates in 1982 and is now
director of Cosentini Lighting Design. His
award-winning lighting design projects
include the Disney Feature Animation
Building in Glendale, CA; 745 Fifth
Avenue and IBM offices in New York, NY;
and Two Logan Square and Bell Atlantic Headquarters in
Philadelphia, PA—and now the Bank of America project in
Charlotte, NC. Industry awards include the OSRAM Sylvania
Energy and Environmental Design IIDA Award of Excellence;
the IIDA Lumen Award; and the Guth Award of Merit. Mr.
Margulies has lectured at Harvard University, the Cooper Union
School of Architecture and for IESNA educational programs.
December 2005 LD+A 51

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P R O J E C T
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P R O J E C T
SONIC TEMPLE
The new lighting design will help
bring out the temple’s detail at night,
increase its visibility and help visitors
and local Indonesians appreciate its
magnificence.
largest Buddhist temple in the world. In 2003, the first
attempt at incorporating a lighting system was initiated
with donations by General Electric Asia, but with little success.
This design was conceived by an Indonesian lighting
engineer who created equal spacing of pole lights on the
perimeter of the temple’s four sides. This resulted in undifferentiated,
uniform light that failed to show the detail of
the Buddha statues and wall carvings.
Rebirth
At one time, daylight was
the only light that shined
on the temple.
PHOTOS: ROBERT DANIELS
FOR MORE THAN EIGHT
CENTURIES, THE BOROBUDUR
TEMPLE STOOD SILENT
ONCE THE SUN SET.
THANKS TO AN UPDATED,
CAMOUFLAGED LIGHTING
SYSTEM,THIS ANCIENT
INDONESIAN TREASURE NOW
HAS A TRUE NIGHT LIFE
In order to see the Borobudur Temple in person, timing
was always an issue. Whether it was how much
time was spent traveling to its location (Yogykarta,
Indonesia) or the fact that viewing the 1200-year old
temple could only be done during the day, for nearly
eight centuries, these two concerns plagued both worshipers
and visitors. Now, let’s fast forward to present
times. Thanks to modern luxuries like air travel and an
updated lighting installation, visitors have the opportunity
to see the temple, day or night.
The temple stands at 113 ft tall and spans 163,000 sq ft,
making it the largest monument in Southeast Asia and the
Two years after that attempt, Brilliant Lighting Design,
Miami, FL, was assigned to redesign the lighting. The
main stipulation by Borobudur Park officials was the fixtures
had to be mounted on poles, hidden from daytime
view by trees. Lighting designer Robert Daniels analyzed
the original lighting plan to determine which fixtures
were satisfactory, which could be reused elsewhere and
which would not be used. Changes included the addition
of four 80 ft light poles at each of the temple’s four corners
to shine a bright white light on the highest level of
the monument, as well as incorporating 48 additional
fixtures and lamps and repositioning current lighting
poles. General Electric Indonesia provided engineering
support, field supervision, as well as paying for the cost
of new poles, footings, wire and fixtures.
Dipping Into The Past
The lava rock structure consists of seven levels that correspond
to the seven steps to enlightenment in Buddhist
tradition. The first level carvings (at ground level) portray
mankind at its lowest spiritual existence. There are five
levels above the ground level that have detailed carvings
of stories about Buddha and the history of the Buddhist
52 www.iesna.org
April December 2005 2005 LD+A LD+A 53

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P R. O. J . E C. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The upper level with the Buddha and stupas would be illuminated to 350 to 400 lux, approximately eight times brighter than the lower walls.
civilization in Java. The highest level is split into four sublevels
where there are 72 bell-shaped stupas located in
four concentric rings.
With all of the walls containing carvings and Buddha
statues it became apparent that the temple needed a special
kind of lighting. To create a three-dimensional shape,
the light would need to come at 45 deg angles and not
The main stipulation for any
lighting design was the fixtures
had to be mounted on poles,
hidden from daylight view by trees
straight on. After studying pictures of the temple, it was
determined that angular key light would best bring out
the vertical lines of the wall carvings and the protruding
steps on each of the sides.
To best achieve the angles of light near the middle
stairway, the fixtures were located on the opposite side of
the center pathway, so the light crossed sideways over
the center path in a cross-fire pattern. Each cross-fire
pole was located approximately 28-32 ft from the center
walk. There are a total of eight cross-fire poles illuminating
the four slanting pyramidal faces.
The biggest problem was the distance from the pyramid
face. The flat, bare apron varied in the distance from the
tree line to the temple. Borobudur is a symmetrical structure
with asymmetrical pole locations, so if the lighting
output from each was equal then the effective illumination
on the temple would be unequal. To compensate for this,
four, 400-W MH fixtures on the close cross-fire poles (east
and west sides) six, 400-W on the north side and eight,
400-W on the south side were part of the design.
The PF400 fixture was selected to do most of the crossfire
work. The 3x2 beam optic pushed a soft spot of light
onto the walls of the pyramid 80 to 120 ft away without
making hot spots. For the longer distance positions on
the far corners of the south and north sides, two 400-W
1x1 stadium lights were used on each of the cross-fire
poles. The fixture height on the cross-fire poles was set at
12 meters above the apron level to get all the cross-fire
fixtures above a horizontal ledger line at the second level.
However, each pole length had to be adjusted to the varying
height of the footing below the apron grade. The
result of the lighting was not only vertical shadowing of
the wall carvings from the cross-fire technique, but a horizontal
shadow line accenting the second level as the fixtures
created downlighting over the ledge.
The fill light used to cut the shadows from black to gray
was accomplished by reusing the existing 1000-W quartz
fixtures that had previously been installed. The quartz fixtures
were located near the corners and aimed back
54 www.iesna.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P R. O. J . E C. T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
toward the center walkways. The quartz fixtures were all
positioned at the edge of the apron. In total there were
eight, 2000-W fixtures for top lighting, 44, 400-W cross fire
fixtures, eight, 1000-W quartz fill fixtures and one, 250-W
deluxe HPS on the lowest level.
Three Colors
The lamp selection was based on using three colors.
The upper light on the tall poles were equipped with
white metal halide (5500K) to signify purity. The middle
five levels from the cross-fire poles have ceramic metal
halide (3000K) to bathe the carvings and buddhas with
halogen-like color. The existing quartz lights were close
enough in kelvin temperature (2800K) to blend with the
metal halide lamps. The exposed corner of the lowest
level received single deluxe sodium in a deep red-yellow
(2200K) to signify an earthier appearance.
Light level tests were conducted on the stone and
carvings. It was found that 45 to 70 lux of light on the
facing produced the most favorable illumination for the
key light. The fill was found to be best at five to eight
lux or roughly 10:1 of key light to fill. The upper level
with the Buddha and stupas would be illuminated to
350 to 400 lux, approximately eight times brighter
than the lower walls.
Custom beam control louvers were added to all the fixtures.
Concentric ring louvers were placed on the 20 in.
diameter quartz heads, which limited the light to 40 deg.
Egg crate louvers were placed on the PF400 to narrow the
beams to a maximum of 25 deg. The PSFA fixtures
received egg crate louvers to control light to 18 deg. The
narrow spot 2000-W metal halide fixtures (on the corner
poles) had a center beam of less than five deg with beam
control allowing a maximum of 10 deg out. This beam control
not only made the cross-fire lighting possible, but it also
allowed for the precise aiming and illumination of the main
center stupa (on the top) to be a totally different and separate
color from the side faces from a distance of 150 ft.
In Good Company
During its long history, the Buddha statues on top level
had only been seen by a select few sultans and priests
during full moon nights. For two nights in August 2005,
Daniels was given special permission to go up on the top
level to photograph the Buddha statues and stupas. After
those two nights, the 2000-W fixtures were aimed further
up on the main center stupa to keep all the white
light off the side faces.
About the Designer: Robert Daniels, IALD,
Member IESNA (1996), has been a lighting designer
for more than 10 years in Miami, FL, serving the
Southeast U.S., Latin America and Asia. Design
awards include the GE Edison Award, IIDA Paul
Waterbury Award of Excellence and the IIDA Award
of Merit. Mr. Daniels is past chairman of the IESNA
Building Façade, Bridge and Monument Lighting
Committee. He also served on the IENSA Security Lighting Committee.
The fill light used to cut the shadows from
black to gray was created by reusing the
existing 1000-W quartz fixtures that had
previously been installed.
April December 2005 2005 LD+A LD+A 55

IMAGE: COURTESY OF CHARLES EHRLICH
C E N T U R Y S E R I E S : P I O N E E R S
Computers and Lighting
After exponential growth in the 1980s and ’90s, has development of
lighting design software reached a lull
By Emlyn Altman
Designers and researchers have
been calculating the effects of
light for centuries—well
before the use of computer technology.
Many of the formulae and concepts
used by lighting design software have
been around since the late 1800s; but
it has only been within the past four
decades (and particularly the ’80s and
’90s) that exponential growth in computer-related
lighting design developments
has occurred.
Prior to the advent of computer
aided design, one research study provided
a major impact on lighting design
calculations and foreshadowed a capability
of current lighting design software.
In 1945, Dr. Perry Moon and
Prof. Domina Spencer submitted a
paper to the IESNA that presented an
“Interflection” method of calculating
light for illuminating engineers to predict
brightness and brightness ratios in
interior spaces. Prior to this study,
methods of predicting surface illumination—taking
into account reflected
light—were unavailable to lighting
designers. Using an integration formula
which considered inter-reflected light
in rooms of any shape, they calculated
five different lighting conditions—indirect,
direct, light troughs, diffusing
globes and semi-direct illumination—
and used the results to simulate “synthetic
image” perspective views created
from pieces of cut-out Munsell
paper ironed together, each color corresponding
to a specific reflectance
value (Figure 1 andTable 1).
This research led the way in establishing
a 3-to-1 line-of-sight criterion
for illuminating interior spaces used
December 2005 LD+A 57

T A B L E 1
Figure 1
today. According to their concluding
remarks, “The brightness distribution
is of great importance in modern lighting
design and thus a method for its
predetermination is desirable for the
illuminating engineer of the future.”
This was realized nearly four decades
later when the same “synthetic image”
rendering capabilities became available
in lighting design software.
Development of Lighting
Design Software
Early software applications for
lighting calculations were not readily
available to the public but were created
as a result of in-house needs.This
was due to the fact that most companies
could not afford in-house computers.
Instead companies relied upon
time-share systems where a user
could pay for computational time and
disk storage from computers owned
and maintained by outside sources.
In the late ’60s and early ’70s, users
of time-share systems would
upload/download processes and data
into a central queue over phone lines
using a Teletype machine and punch
tapes (Figure 2). Charges for using a
time-share system depended on the
amount of processing time needed to
achieve the results,the amount of disk
storage rented (large capacities costing
over $1000/month), and the time
of day and the duration that the connection
took place (peak and nonpeak
rates ranged from around one
cent to 25 cents per second or
approximately $36-$900 per hour).
As a result of the high cost to use the
system, designers needed to determine
which applications were necessary
to warrant the use of the computer
calculations and which should
be done manually.
According to Bill Brackett of
Independent Testing Laboratories
(ITL), a typical lighting calculation
process over the time-share system
entailed the following steps:
1. Prepare the input file off-line by
typing at a keyboard with the tape
punch turned on.
2. Dial the computer and logging in.
3. Open a “new” file and turning on
the paper tape reader.
4. Save the file when the tape reading
was finished.
5. Run the calculation program
6. List the output file to the user’s
terminal.
7.If desired,delete the input/output
files from the host’s storage.
8. Log off.
Photometric testing laboratories
became interested in lighting calculations
as an additional courtesy service
offered to customers.Since they were
already providing CU values for luminaires,
it was a “simple” step to take
lighting calculation to the next level by
offering footcandle calculations. In
1968, a prominent lamp manufacturer
spent nearly $15,000 for a point-bypoint
software application called
“LIGHT.” This software enabled the
user to calculate a maximum grid of
100 points at approximately five cents
per luminaire for a full grid of points.
A football field consisting of 96 points
and 50 floodlights would have cost
about $2.50. Any project requiring
more than 100 points to complete
the calculations was required to be
divided into smaller computable
pieces.
At the same time “LIGHT” was
being used, David DiLaura developed
“Lumen 1” as a program to help engineers
predict the results of their lighting
design through point-by-point calculations
of a complete area. As with
other applications, “Lumen 1”
required the use of a time-share system
to run the program. This software
was not restricted by the quantity
of calculation points but the memory
capacity of the computers. Data
input to the central computer over
the Teletype system included the
room’s dimensions, reflectances, locations
of windows and locations of
luminaires using X and Y Cartesian
coordinate values. Photometric values
of the luminaires were also used, but
without the establishment of IES photometric
files at that time, each value
58 www.iesna.org

PHOTO: COURTESY OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES, CALL # UAV 362.7295.8P, BOX 3.
Figure 2
LIGHTS,
LAMPS AND SOFTWARE
Note: Bolded items are dates specific to
lighting design software. Blue items are specific
to lamp technologies. Plain text are key
developments in general for the lighting
industry.
1604 Johannes Kepler published first fundamental
concepts of photometry
1634 First published reference to the
inverse square law
1669 Discovery of phosphorus
1783 Introduction of Argand Lamp
1792 Introduction of gas lighting
1809 First electric arc (carbon arc) light
along the horizontal and vertical
angles of the luminaire had to be input
separately. If a value was input incorrectly,
there was no checking system
to indicate an error had been made.
The designer relied upon his own
lighting experience to determine if
the results appeared accurate or not.
Over the next three years, DiLaura
further developed the program to
predict a lighting design taking into
account interreflected light of an
empty room. In 1970, DiLaura joined
Smith, Hinchman & Grylls (currently
SmithGroup) and expanded his rudimentary
program to calculate footcandle
levels, daylighting, disability/discomfort
glare and the Visual Comfort
Probability (VCP).This version became
“Lumen 2.” James Benya, one of the
first users at SmithGroup, helped
develop a statistical analysis preprocessor
for the program to make
sure all the variables were there and
made sense.Benya explained that even
though using the software over the
time-sharing system wasn’t expedient,
he did not find it frustrating.“I always
considered it between a gift [to me]
and genius [that the software was
developed]. DiLaura took a fledgling
concept and invented the mathematics
to take lighting calculations to the
next step.” In 1980, DiLaura moved to
Boulder, CO, and founded Lighting
Technologies with David Kambich. In
1981, Lighting Technologies presented
“Lumen 3” to the public and made it
available through Computer Sharing
Services (CSS)—a nationwide timesharing
system company headquartered
in Denver.
PCs Emerge
In 1982, IBM produced the first
“personal” computer called the
microcomputer—similar to the PCs
of today. Lighting Technologies decided
to take a chance and gamble that engineers
and companies would buy their
own microcomputers instead of continuing
with the time-share system. In
1983, the company released “Lumen
Micro” version 1.0—the name change
due to the recent development of the
microcomputer. This version utilized
the computer screen instead of teletype
tape printouts but the data was
entirely character-based. It wasn’t until
1985 that it developed the first graphical
output for lighting calculation
results—but this output was not generated
on the screen. It was a shaded
view produced on a dot matrix printer
(Figure 3)—similar to the “synthetic
images” created by Moon and
Spencer four decades earlier.
Around this time, others saw the
opportunity to create lighting design
software applications. When Holophane
moved its facilities, Todd
Saemisch and David Speer stayed in
1814 First general use of gas street lighting
1826 Introduction of Limelight
1853 Introduction of kerosene lamp
c. 1856 Introduction of first theatrical follow-spot
1865 Introduction of vacuum light bulb
1879 Thomas Edison invented the carbonize
cotton filament lamp
1880 Introduction of (Selenium) Photocell
1883 Dr. Leonhard Weber invents the first
photometer
1894 Discovery of Argon
1989 Discoveries of Neon and Xenon
1901 Introduction of High Intensity discharge
(HID) and Mercury Vapor lamps
1905 First metal filament lamp
1906 IESNA formed
1907 - Introduction of tungsten filament lamp
c. 1910 - Introduction of resistance dimmer
1913 Introduction of first gas-filled lamp
December 2005 LD+A 59

c. 1920 First Fresnel lens spotlight
1926 Development of first radiant flux
transfer equation (radiosity)
1932 Introduction of Low Pressure Sodium
(LPS) lamps
1937 Introduction of Fluorescent lamp
c. 1940 Introduction of PAR lamp
1946 Moon and Spencer published
“Lighting Design by the
Interflection Method.” First “synthetic
photographs” of calculated
light in a room
1955 Introduction of modern fiber optics and
dichroic lamps
1959 First Computer-Aided Drawing
System (developed at General
Motors Research Laboratory and
IBM)
1960 Laser light perfected and first hologram
created
Introduction of Quartz Halogen and
Metal Halide lamps
1963 John Landsdown introduced CAD
as a tool for architectural planning
1965 Introduction of LED’s and High Pressure
Sodium (HPS) lamps
1966 First “Computers in Design and
Communication” Conference
held
1968 Development of LIGHT - point-bypoint
software (In-house software)
1969 First commercial CAD wireframe
graphics program available to the
public
1973 Development of Lumen 1 lighting
design software (In-house software)
1982 Autodesk releases AutoCAD v. 1.0
Introduction of Lumen Micro v.
1.0 (Lighting Technologies)
1984 Introduction of POINT (Lighting
Analysts)
Figure 3
Colorado to form Lighting Analysts,
Inc. (LAI). In 1984, LAI released its
first general point-by-point program
called “POINT” followed by an isoilluminance
template program called
“ISOPOINT” in 1985, and an interior
lighting program called “INSIGHT” in
1989. This was followed by a DOS
based release (AGI-DOS) in 1991
and a Windows based release
(AGI32) in 1999.
Photo-realistic Renderings
In 1989,Greg Ward of the Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
released Radiance, a UNIX-based ray
tracing simulation that handles specular
and diffuse inter-reflections (Figure 4).
In 2000, LBNL released Desktop
Radiance for the Windows platform,
and today this package serves as the
basis for over a dozen Windows-based
lighting tools. In 2002, LBNL made
Radiance open source, and an active
community of users, researchers and
developers continues to build upon
this free software base.
In 1991, Stuart Feldman, Rod
Recker and Filippo Tampieri discussed
developing a commercial product to
produce photo-realistic renderings as
an alternative to physical mock-ups
for designers.They wanted to create
a product that would be distinguished
from other visualization software.
They incorporated radiosity algorithms—and
later .IES photometry
for real physical lighting units—to
create not just “a pretty picture” but
something more meaningful to
designers. The original “Lightscape”
application sold for $15,000 a seat
and was developed on Silicon
Graphics (SGI) machines. In 1996,
when Microsoft developed Windows
NT with OpenGL capabilities, the
first version of Lightscape for personal
computers emerged, selling for
$3000. This Windows version
appealed to more people since it was
naturally easier to use than the SGIbased
version. In 1997, Lightscape
Technologies was acquired by
Discreet which dropped the price
down to $495 and, consequently,
increased the user base dramatically.
Future
Today, GUIs and processing speeds
are changing more than actual lighting
calculation algorithms. According to
DiLaura, “The industry is satisfied
with the current capabilities of lighting
design software. As such, there is
no economic reason to pursue nearfield
photometry software capabilities.
But without the demand for
near-field photometry, visualizations
will not be accurate.” In essence,
lighting design software research has
come to a halt over the past 10 years
with no major developments in lighting
calculation algorithms.The limiting
factor now is the photometric information
input into lighting design simulations.Currently,the
data in IES files
is primitive; we are unable to accurately
calculate the effects of a fixture
when it is located close to a wall or
other object.This is in part due to a
60 www.iesna.org

PHOTO: COURTESY OF ROBERT A. SHAKESPEARE
Figure 4
1985 Introduction of ISOPOINT
(Lighting Analysts)
Introduction of CALC-L (Lithonia)
1986 Introduction of AutoLUX
(Not ITL)
1987 Introduction of INSIGHT
(Lighting Analysts)
Introduction of SPEC-L (Lithonia)
1988 Introduction of AutoFLO
(Not ITL)
Introduction of LUX (OxyTech)
1989 Introduction of Radiance
(Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory)
lack of demand from end users to
push software further than their current
computational capabilities.
Another area to pursue is more
emphasis on daylighting. This includes
better estimation of sky model conditions
and the capability to do real-time
animated studies illustrating the effects
of daylight over hours/days/months
instead having to calculate individual
points in time. Since the effect of daylighting
on architecture is not static,
our ability to see its influence throughout
the year should reflect these varying
conditions.
As a frequent software user, I see
the future of lighting design software
heading in the same direction as
recent CAD software developments.
Over the past several years, high-end
CAD software provide designers with
“smart object” tools enabling us to
incorporate more detailed information
into our documentation. Using
these tools, designers create intelligent
3D models and let the computer
build sections and elevations based on
“slices” cut at specific points in the
model. This eliminates some of the
coordination discrepancies which
occur when a drawing is modified but
corresponding referenced drawings
are not updated accordingly.
Current .IES files contain photometric
distribution and basic luminaire
data such as dimensions, manufacturer,
model number, etc., but they
still do not include housing dimensions
or other plenum information
helpful when integrating into “smart
models.” This additional information
aids in indicating where there may be
coordination problems with other
plenum objects such as HVAC ducts,
sprinkler lines or structural beams.
Detecting these problem areas early
in the design development or construction
documentation phases prevents
time and money lost when
issues are revealed later in the field.
Lastly, watch for the expansion of
3D model offerings from lighting
manufacturers. With the desire to
create photo-realistic representations
of designs, there is a greater
need to go beyond simple utilization
of lighting photometry in computer
models. Designers want to show the
client more than the effects of the
light source but what the source itself
looks like. Some lighting manufacturers
offer 3D luminaire model libraries
to integrate into 3D visualizations but
the majority do not. Since manufacturers
design new products on CAD,
creating libraries of these 3D
objects—integrated with IES photometry—would
be very useful for
lighting designers.
Over the past four decades, lighting
design software has developed at
an exponential rate—each subsequent
improvement or addition to
software technology offering more
efficient and effective production
capabilities. Manufacturers quickly
implement suggestions from user
feedback and new versions come out
as quickly as the need for new functions
emerge—usually resulting from
1991 Introduction of AGI DOS
1992 Development of Lightscape
(Lightscape Graphics Software)
Introduction of GENESIS
(Canlyte)
Introduction of LITESTAR 1.00
(OxyTech)
1994 Introduction of Sulfur Lamp
1996 Introduction of Lightscape SGI
Version (Lightscape Technologies)
1996 Introduction of Lightscape
Windows NT version (Lightscape
Technologies)
Introduction of Visual 1.0
(Lithonia)
1999 Introduction of AGI32
(Lighting Analysts)
2001 Lightscape integrated into 3D
Studio VIZ (Discreet)
2002 Introduction of WinITL
(Independent Testing
Laboratories)
2004 Introduction of Lumen Designer
(Lighting Technologies)
Dates are derived from sources including but not limited
to A History of Light and Lighting Edition: 2.3 (2005) by
Bill Williams; “Light’s Measure: A History of Industrial
Photometry to 1909” by David DiLaura, published by
IESNA (2005); CG 101: A Computer Graphics Industry
Reference by Terrance Masson New Riders Publishing
(1999);Radiosity:A Programmer’s Perspective by Ian Ashdown.
December 2005 LD+A 61

F L A S H B A C K
LD+A: December 1982
The year was 1982. Ronald Reagan was president and Frank
LaGiusa was in his seventh year as lighting designer for the
National Christmas Tree in Washington, DC, just south of the
White House grounds.The article described how LaGiusa strived to
create a new scheme for the tree each year;in ’81 he used 56 star-shaped ornaments
to represent the 50 states and six territorial jurisdictions.
new codes or procedures.The future
of lighting design software is what we,
the end users, require to ensure a
successful lighting design process. All
we have to do is ask.
LD+A’s “Century Series” celebrates
pioneers,achievements and developments
in lighting, as IESNA approaches its centennial
in January 2006.
About the Author: At the
Washington, DC, office of
architecture/design firm
ForrestPerkins, Emlyn Altman,
Member IESNA (2001), exercises
her dual specializations in cutting edge
lighting design technology as director of
lighting design and visualization. Ms.
Altman is also currently serving her second
term as IES Capital Section president
and is the East Central Region awards
chair. To send comments about this column
or questions regarding the use of
computers in lighting design, email her at
D_D@EAVisualization.com
Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank the following
people whose time, knowledge
and experiences shared through emails
and interviews enriched the resources
drawn upon for this article:Ian Ashdown,
James Benya, Bill Brackett, David
DiLaura,Stuart Feldman,Todd Saemisch,
Dr. Domina Spencer and Greg Ward.
References
1. Moon, Parry and Spencer, D.E.:
“The Interreflection Method of
Predetermining Brightnesses and
Brightness-Ratios,” Illuminating
Engineering, pp. 362-385. May 1946.
2. DiLaura, David L., Igoe, Denis P.
and Mistrick, Richard G.: “Synthetic
Photography,” Lighting Design &
Application, pp 24-27.August 1985.
3.DiLaura,David L.:“Light’s Measure:
A History of Industrial Photometry to
1909,” Leukos, pp 75-149. 2005.
4. Masson, Terrance: “CG 101: A
Computer Graphics Industry
Reference,” New Riders Publishing;
1999.
5. Ashdown, Ian: “Radiosity: A
Programmer’s Perspective,” 1994.
6. Larson, G.W. and R.A.
Shakespeare, “Rendering with
Radiance: the Art and Science of
Lighting Visualization,” 1998.
62 www.iesna.org

Annual Index • Subject
Architectural Lighting
Come Home To MoMA . . . . May 68
New York’s Museum of Modern Art
Sexton, George; George Sexton
Associates, Washington, DC and
Tanniguchi, Yoshio; Taniguchi
Associates, Tokyo
Lowe, Roslyn
Halo Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 28
Hollywood Bowl
Dachs, Joshua, Hoyes, Richard,
Fisher Dachs Assoc., New York,
NY and Fung, Hsin-Ming and
Hodgetts, Craig, Hodgetts +
Fung, Design & Architecture, Los
Angeles, CA
Tarricone, Paul
Lost In Transformation . . . . Jul 46
Hiroshima City Naka
Incineration Plant
Mende, Kaoru, Lighting Designer
and Taniguchi, Yoshio,
Architect, Tokyo
Lowe, Roslyn
Spreading Its Wings . . . . . Nov 52
Indianapolis Museum Of Art
Stone, Charles G. II, Fisher
Marantz Stone, New York, NY
and Hess, Jonathan R.;
Browning Day Mullins Dierdorf,
Architects, Indianapolis, IN
West Side Story – A Revival. .. Jul 42
The Grand Stewart’s Building,
Baltimore, MD
Barber, Michael A., Diemer, Helen;
The Lighting Practice, Philadelphia,
PA and Liebel, Tom, architect, Design
Collective, Inc. Baltimore, MD
Bridges
Finally Blue. . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 37
The Vincent Thomas Bridge,
San Pedro, CA
Israel, Chip and Blankenheim,
Julie; Lighting Design Alliance,
Los Angeles, CA
Tarricone, Paul
Jacksonville’s Pregame
Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 58
The Hart, The Main Street and
the Fuller Warren Bridges Light
up for Super Bowl 2005,
Jacksonville, FL
Fallin, Robert, Laffitte, David;
Reynolds. Smith and Hills,
Jacksonville, FL and Laughlin,
Robert J. Winter Park, FL
Columns
Careers & Hiring . . . . . . . . Apr 20
Careers & Hiring . . . . . . . . Jun 22
Careers & Hiring. . . . . . . . Aug 16
Careers & Hiring. . . . . . . . Sep 26
Digital Dialogue . . . . . . . . Jan 12
Digital Dialogue . . . . . . . . May 22
Digital Dialogue . . . . . . . . . Jul 14
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 4
Editor’s Note. . . . . . . . . . . Mar 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 4
Editor’s Note. . . . . . . . . . . May 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 4
Editor’s Note. . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 4
Editor’s Note. . . . . . . . . . . Aug 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 4
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Jan 8
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Feb 10
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Mar 12
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Apr 12
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . May 12
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Jun 14
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . . Jul 10
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Aug 10
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Sep 14
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Oct 10
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Nov 8
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . Dec 9
Executive Vice President
Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 8
Executive Vice Presidents
Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 10
Executive Vice Presidents
Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 8
Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 20
Visual Ergonomics: A Closer Look
Samuelson, Christopher E.
Rethinking Park Lighting . May 30
Lindstrom, Carole A.
Green Ideas. . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 10
Green Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 22
Green Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . May 20
Green Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 18
Green Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 22
Green Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 14
Hot Button . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 18
Hot Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 26
Hot Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 26
Hot Button . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 20
Lighting For Quality. . . . . . Jan 17
Lighting For Quality . . . . . Mar 27
Lighting For Quality . . . . . May 26
Lighting For Quality . . . . . Dec 17
Lighting For Security . . . . . Apr 31
Lighting For Security . . . . . Jun 28
Lighting For Security . . . . Aug 16
Lighting For Security . . . . . Oct 16
Lighting For Security. . . . . Dec 18
President’s Perspective . . . Jan 7
President’s Perspective . . . Apr 9
President’s Perspective . . . Jul 8
President’s Perspective . . . Oct 6
Regional Voices. . . . . . . . . Feb 8
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . Mar 11
Regional Voices. . . . . . . . . Apr 10
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . May 10
Regional Voices. . . . . . . . . Jun 12
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . Aug 8
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . Sep 10
Regional Voices. . . . . . . . . Oct 8
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . Dec 8
Research Matters . . . . . . . Jan 14
Research Matters . . . . . . . Feb 12
Research Matters . . . . . . . Mar 18
Research Matters . . . . . . . Apr 16
Research Matters. . . . . . . May 16
Research Matters . . . . . . . Jun 16
Research Matters. . . . . . . . Jul 12
Research Matters . . . . . . . Aug 12
Research Matters . . . . . . . Sep 18
Research Matters . . . . . . . Oct 12
Research Matters . . . . . . . Nov 10
Research Matters . . . . . . . Dec 10
Rules & Regs . . . . . . . . . . Feb 16
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 14
Daylighting
In Pursuit of Advanced-
Performance Skylights . . . . Jul 56
Cuttle, Christopher
Lighting In A Sustainable
Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 70
Benya, James A.
Sign of the Times . . . . . . . . Jul 36
The New York Times New
Headquarters, New York, NY
Tarricone, Paul
Take It From The Top . . . . . Jul 40
Tarricone, Paul
Design Trends
Cold, Harsh Reality. . . . . . Nov 42
Harlow, Grant
Seeing Dollar Signs . . . . . Nov 40
ROI Analysis
Harlow, Grant, TIR Systems,
Vancouver, BC
True Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 38
Ashdown, Ian
Directories
2005 Lighting Equipment +
Accessories Directory . . . . Jun 67
Software Directory 2005 . . Sep 69
Software Survey
Education Facilities
Built to Last . . . . . . . . . . Sep 64
Napa Valley’s Unified School
District Education Center,
Orgish, David and Myer, Jan
The Lighting Design Studio of
O’Mahony and Myer, San
Rafael, CA
Developing the Mind . . . . . Jul 50
M.I.N.D Institute, Sacramento, CA
Ham, Tao and Blanski, Bill; HGA
Architects & Engineers
Minneapolis, MN
Failing Fixtures are Expelled From
School Retrofit . . . . . . . . . Sep 39
Fairfax County Public Schools,
Northern, VA
Kobes, John-Michael
Honor Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 48
Maryland Institute College of
Art, Central Michigan University;
ITT & Elementary Institute of
Science
Lowe, Roslyn
Essays
Bringing Humanities
To Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 78
Brandston, Howard M.
Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 20
Visual Ergonomics: A Closer Look
Samuelson, Christopher E.
Lighting Across Cultures. . Jan 46
Human Inquiry
Harmon, Marcel J.
History/Century Series
Big-Box To Boutique . . . . . Apr 91
Tarricone, Paul
Computers and Lighting. . Dec 57
Altman, Emlyn
Eerie Coincidences . . . . . . Mar 80
Rea, Mark S.
Fixtures Were His Fancy . . Oct 86
December 2005 LD+A 65

Annual Index • Subject
Designs of Edward F. Caldwell
Rambusch, Viggo
From The Shoulders
of Giants . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 78
Rea, Mark S.
Industrial Evolution. . . . . . Jan 51
Bullough, John, Paulin, Doug,
Denami, Anthony J. And Mistrick,
Richard
Lowe, Roslyn
Lighting Control: From Salt
Water To Silicon . . . . . . . . May 78
Maniccia, Dorene
Lighting In a Sustainable
Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 70
Benya, James A.
Making Light in The 20th
Century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 87
DiLaura, David L.
Retail Reflections . . . . . . . Apr 87
Gregory, Paul; Diemer, Helen and
Heenan, Sarah
Tarricone, Paul
The Sporting Life . . . . . . . Aug 75
The Evolution of Sports Lighting
Hunt, Patricia
There From The Start . . . . Feb 59
LeVere, Richard
Hotels
All Rolled Into One . . . . . . May 52
The Spa Resort Casino
Palm Springs, CA
Kobes, John-Michael
Dark From Day One . . . . . May 49
Morongo Casino,Van Nuys, CA
Tarricone, Paul
High Stakes In Exterior
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 56
The Spa Resort Casino,
Palm Springs, CA
Kobes, John-Michael
SeeingYour Name in Lights . Jan 25
Harrah’s Resort & Casino,
Laughlin, NV
Kobes, John-Michael
Three Easy Pieces. . . . . . . May 46
Morongo Casino Resort & Spa, Van
Nuys, CA
Hollingsworth, Dawn, Levesque,
Matt, Passamont Green and
Thomas, Eileen; Visual Terrain, Van
Nuys, CA
Tarricone, Paul
Worth The Wait . . . . . . . . . Nov 58
Park Hyatt Zurich Honetwill, Robert
and Brill, Maurice; MBLD, London,
U.K.
Kobes, John-Michael
Houses of Worship
Sonic Temple Rebirth . . . . Dec 52
The Borobudur Temple, Indonesia
Daniels, Robert, Brilliant Lighting
Design, Miami, FL
IES News
Obituary – Emidio “Ed”
Quintiliani, 87. . . . . . . . . . Jan 18
Golden Gate Chapter Offers
Scholarships . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 19
IESNA Launches
Rio Grande Section . . . . . . Feb 22
Birthday Bashes Mark
IESNA’s 99th Anniversary. . . Mar 30
IESNA Handbook CD Version Has
Microsoft Update . . . . . . . Mar 29
Obituary – Ronald L.
Sitzema Jr., 51 . . . . . . . . . Mar 29
Obituary – Charles H.
Loch, 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 35
Obituary – Robert Merle
Dixson, 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 35
Public Review of IESNA
Publications . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 35
2005 IESNA International Illumination
Design Award Entries . . . . Apr 36
NCQLP Announces 2004
Exam Results . . . . . . . . . . Apr 41
And the Party Goes On for
IESNA’s 99th Anniversary . May 30
Obituary – Robert Russell
Wylie, 89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 34
Public Review for RP-8 . . May 35
IESNA Centennial Conference
2005 ADEX Leviton Manufacturing
Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 35
Program Announced . . . . . Jun 32
Public Review of IESNA
Publications . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 33
Obituaries – Jack T.
Cottingham, 85. . . . . . . . . Jun 33
Paul L. Butler, 58 . . . . . . . Jun 33
Distinguished Service
Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 32
Fellow Awards. . . . . . . . . . Sep 32
Marks Award. . . . . . . . . . . Sep 31
Medal Award. . . . . . . . . . . Sep 31
Obituary – Peter J.
Pennachio, 67. . . . . . . . . . Sep 33
Presidential Awards . . . . . Sep 32
Taylor Technical Award . . . Sep 31
Obituary – David T.
Mullen, 62. . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 23
Mexico Section Takes
Lighting Journey . . . . . . . . Nov 25
Obituary – Frederick A.
Dickey, 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 25
Just In Time . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 21
The IESNA Research Committee
Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 21
Industry Updates
And The Emmy Goes To … Jan 24
International City-People-
Light Award 2004 . . . . . . . Jan 23
LIGHTFAIR Daylighting Institute
Courses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 21
2005 LIGHTFAIR Line-up
Announced . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 21
Lighting Design Scholarships
Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 23
New CD-ROM Promotes
Recycling of Mercury-Containing
Lamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 24
New York Splashes Light On Its
Olympic Bid. . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 24
IALD Announces 2005
Board of Directors. . . . . . . Feb 25
Philips and Advance Transformer To
Receive Funding From DOE
To Support Solid-State
Lighting Development. . . . Feb 25
Southern California Edison
Opens New Lighting Center . Feb 26
Just Published . . . . . . . . . Feb 27
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.1
Updated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 27
ESTA Creates Foundation for
Entertainment Technicians. Mar 35
Governor Schwarzenegger
Green Lights Green Building
Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 35
LFT Launches New
Competition . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 35
Retail Project Recognized In
International Store Design
Competition . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 34
New York City Makes Largest
Purchase of Green Power . . . Apr 47
DOE and Industry Alliance Partner to
Advance Solid-State
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 47
Student Design Competition Uses
Discover Lighting Online
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 49
Students’ Experiment Is Out of This
World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 51
Parsons Centurion Award Honors
Designer Albert Hadley . . . Apr 51
Lighting Products Merging With
Controls, Survey Shows . . May 39
LRC Distributes Guidelines
for Reporting LED Life . . . May 40
LRC Partners With Boeing To Develop
Aircraft Lighting Solution. May 39
New York Announces Partnership
to Ensure Energy Efficiency
in Affordable Housing . . . May 39
Read All About It . . . . . . . May 40
Advance Establishes
Scholarships . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 38
Cooper Lighting Names
Ten Winners. . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 37
C2C Winner Feeds Electricity to
Neighbors, Uses Spinach
for Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 41
Florentine, Jacobs and Heck Win 22nd
Annual GE Edison Award. . Jun 36
IALD Recognizes 23 Projects
Representing Eight
Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 39
Hubbell Lighting’s New Headquarters
On Schedule for 2006 . . . . Jul 31
Nuckolls Fund 2005 Grant
Awards Total $45,000 . . . . Jul 32
Software Is Just What the Doctor
Ordered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 32
Who Needs A Train Whistle Jul 32
Architects Honored with
Design Award . . . . . . . . . . Aug 26
Demo Rooms Immerse
Specifiers In Light . . . . . . Aug 27
GSA Announces LC
Mandate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 27
Hello My Pretty… Fixtures Aug 25
Hybrid Fixture Joins LED and
Incandescent Sources . . . Aug 25
LRC Announces Lutron Scholarship
Award Recipient . . . . . . . . Aug 26
Sea Gull Lighting Announces Winners
of Design Competition . . . Aug 27
Shipments of Lighting Products On
The Rise, NEMA Index
Finds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 25
Eastham Elementary Receives NEED
Award For Energy
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 37
LEDs Save Energy, Attracts Shoppers
to Retail Windows. . . . . . . Sep 36
LRC Survey Finds
New Penn Station is Draped in Light
and Reflects Its Past . . . . Sep 35
Schneider Electric To
Acquire Juno Lighting . . . . Sep 35
Suite Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 37
Acuity Brands Names Morgan
as President of Lighting Group;
Honeycutt to Retire . . . . . . Oct 28
Call For Papers: ISCC/CIE
Expert Symposium. . . . . . . Oct 28
LED Screens Rush To Take
The Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 28
NEMA Lighting Systems Index Posts
Gains In 2005 . . . . . . . . . . Oct 28
New Standard, Publications
66 www.iesna.org

Annual Index • Subject
Issued by CIE . . . . . . . . . . Oct 29
New Study Reveals Opportunities,
Threats In the Manufacturing
Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 27
The Star Is Reborn . . . . . . Oct 27
Call for Entries: ‘It’s Your Light’
Student Design
Competition . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 30
Energy Design Guide Earns
Award from Alliance . . . . . Nov 30
Lighting for Tomorrow Names 2005
Design and Technology
Winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 31
LRC To Redefine National Roadway
Lighting Guidelines . . . . . Nov 30
The Lighting Industry Responds To
Hurricane Katrina . . . . . . . Nov 29
Advance University Curriculum
Approved by NCQLP . . . . . Dec 26
Call for Entries: GE Edison Award
Competition . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 26
Lighting Manufacturer Wins State
Environmental Award . . . . Dec 26
LRC Selected by FAA To Study Airpot
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 26
New Look to New York’s
Plaza Park . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 26
Survey Says: LIGHTFAIR is a
‘Must-Experience’ Event.. . Dec 26
Three LED, SSL Joint Ventures
Announced . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 26
IIDA
From Gray To Green . . . . . Aug 52
David L. Lawrence Convention
Center, Pittsburgh, PA
Yancey, Keith J. and Zaferiou, Paul
A. Lam Partners, Inc., Cambridge, MA
Kobes, John-Michael
Jacksonville’s Pregame
Show. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 58
The Hart, The Main Street and the
Fuller Warren Bridges all light for
Super Bowl 2005 Jacksonville, FL
Fallin, Robert, Laffitte, David;
Reynolds Smith and Hills,
Jacksonville, FL and Laughlin,
Robert J. Winter Park, FL
Profiles In Postcards . . . . Aug 48
Staten Island’s September 11, 2001
Memorial
Stone II, Charles G. and Frary,
Kevin; Fisher Marantz Stone, New
York, NY
Leibowitz, Julie
2005 International Illumination
Design Awards . . . . . . . . . Aug 33
Top Recipients of the International
Illumination Design Awards 2005
Trading Up . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 46
The Bank of America Charlotte, NC
Margulies, Stephen
LIGHTFAIR INTERNATIONAL
LIGHTFAIR 2005 Preview. . Mar 60
Emerging HID
Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . Mar 73
Oomen, Manuel, Cummings, John
and Diemer, Helen
Healing Environments . . . Mar 61
Miller, Naomi and North, Leslie
Landscape Lighting
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 68
Lanteigne, Robert
Light, Discovery, Spirit and
Consequences . . . . . . . . . Mar 66
Warfel, William B.
Light, Sight and the Senses .. Mar 64
Tiller, Dale and Houser, Kevin
Material Things . . . . . . . . Mar 76
Yeager, Raymond
Techniques for Teaching
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 70
Roush, Mark and Oberkircher, Fred
LIGHTFAIR International
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 60
New Product Showcase Winners
Lighting Trespass
Dark From Day One . . . . . May 49
Morongo Casino,Van Nuys, CA
Tarricone, Paul
Maintenance
Covering All The Bases. . . Sep 61
Tarricone, Paul
Monument
Profiles In Postcards . . . . Aug 48
Staten Island’s September 11, 2001
Memorial
Stone II, Charles G. and Frary,
Kevin; Fisher Marantz Stone, New
York, NY
Leibowitz, Julie
Museum/Exhibit
Come Home To MoMA . . . . May 68
New York’s Museum of Modern Art
Sexton, George; George Sexton
Associates, Washington, DC and
Tanniguchi, Yoshio; Taniguchi
Associates, Tokyo
Lowe, Roslyn
Hope Floats In Little Rock . Apr 60
The William J. Clinton Presidential
Center, Little Rock, AR
Bettridge, Francesca, Saltzberg,
Marty, Cline, Bettirige, Bernstein
Lighting Design, New York, NY and
Polshek, James S. and Olcott,
Richard M, Polshek Partnership
Architects, New York, NY
Kobes, John-Michael
Lighting Museums As Cultural
Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 78
Frazier, Mary Claire
New Frontier . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 66
The New National Museum Of The
American Indian, Washington, D.C.
Lien, Chou and Kim, Jung Soo,
Brandston Partnership, Inc., New
York, NY
Tarricone, Paul
Spreading Its Wings . . . . . Nov 52
Indianapolis Museum of Art,
Indianapolis, IN
Stone II, Charles G; Fisher Marantz
Stone, New York, NY and Hess
Jonathan R.; Browning Day Mullins
Dierdorf Architects, Indianapolis, IN
The Beacon of Fort
Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 46
The National Track & Field Hall of
Fame, Manhattan, NY
Skolnick, Lee H. and Cardenas,
Miguel; Lee H. Skolnic Architecture
+ Design Partnership, and Leni
Schwindinger, Light Projects Ltd.,
New York, NY
Tarricone, Paul
The Big Red Time
Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 50
History of the Cincinnati Reds
Abernathy, Katherine C., Kilburn,
Tayva and Abernathy, Christopher
A.; Abernathy Lighting Design,
North Providence, RI and Rainone,
Jason, New York City
Thinking Outside the
Black Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 72
Maryland Science Center,
Baltimore, MD
Burns, Rich, Bernardo, Luis; Design
Collective, Baltimore, MD and
Sexton, George, George Sexton
Associates, Washington, D.C.
What’s New In Kalamazoo . Jan 42
Kalamazoo Air Zoo, Kalamazoo MI
Hunter, Bill Hunter-Leet &
Associates, Kalamazoo, MI
Kobes, John-Michael
Office Lighting
Caltrans Transcendent . . . Aug 65
Caltran’s District 7Headquarters,
Los Angeles, CA
Brogden, Teal, Libonati, Heather;
Horton Lees Brogden Lighting
Design, Los Angeles, CA; Scott,
Ron, Ledalite Architectural
Products, Langley, BC & Wypasek,
Michael, Paramount Industries, Inc.
Croswell, MI
Double Duty . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 54
Prudential Lighting Headquarters,
Los Angeles, CA
Fairweather, Virginia
Even Illumination Brightens
New Office Space . . . . . . . Mar 36
Affiliated Engineers, Inc., Westlake
Center Office Tower, Seattle, WA
Kobes, John-Michael
Ferry Good Show . . . . . . . . Feb 38
Ferry Building, San Francisco, CA
Hawthorne, Darrell
Sign of the Times . . . . . . . . Jul 36
The New York Times New
Headquarters, New York, NY
Tarricone, Paul
Progress Report
2005 Progress Report . . . . Oct 35
Public Spaces
Another Brick In the Wall . . Oct 65
Kobes, John-Michael
Beachfront Lighting Proves to be
an Environmentally Safe
Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 28
The Miami Beachwalk, Miami, FL
Kobes, John-Michael
Bringing The Great Outdoors
Inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 40
The Atlanta Area Council Boy
Scouts Of America Volunteer
Service Center
Kobes, John-Michael
Come Sail Away With LEDs . Nov 44
Canada Place, Vancouver, Canada
Kobes, John-Michael
Custom Made Fixtures Brighten Up
Convention And Exhibit
Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 34
The Boston Convention and Exhibit
Center, Boston, MA
Kobes, John-Michael
Fed Excellent Adventure . . . . . . Dec 40
FedExForum, Memphis, TN
December 2005 LD+A 67

Annual Index • Subject
Niemuth, Jon D.: Ellerbe Becket,
Kansas City, MO and Hoppas,
Barbara L.S.; Bredson &
Associates, Inc., Raytown, MD
Kobes, John-Michael
Force Of Nature . . . . . . . . Mar 40
The Miami World Trade Center Tower
Deeb, Paul A.; Vox Environmental
Arts, Baltimore, MD
From Gray To Green . . . . . . ug 52
David L. Lawrence Convention
Center, Pittsburgh, PA
Yancey, Keith J. and Zaferiou, Paul A.;
Lam Partners Inc., Cambridge, MA
Kobes, John-Michael
Great Wall of Chi-Town . . . Oct 62
Chicago’s Millennium Park
Baney, Jim, Schuler Shook,
Chicago, IL
Kobes, John-Michael
Lost In Transformation . . . . Jul 46
Hiroshima City Naka Incineration
Plant
Mende, Kaoru, Lighting Designer
and Taniguchi, Yoshio, Architect
Lowe, Roslyn
Residential
Living The High Life . . . . . . Jul 62
Residential space in Jacksonville, FL
Wilson, Larry and Mulhall, Joanna,
Rink Design Partnership, Inc.,
Jacksonville, FL
Kobes, John-Michael
Martha Says: ‘You’re Hired”Dec 27
The Contestant Loft for “The
Apprentice: Martha Stewart”
television Show
Kobes, John-Michael
Room With a View . . . . . . Aug 29
Residential Space in Houston, TX
Kobes, John-Michael
Thou Shall Understand
Residential Lighting. . . . . . Jul 61
Romaniello, Peter
Restaurants
Earth Wind Fire & Water .. May 58
Park New Delhi Hotel, India
Shankar, Babu and Ganti, Kiran;
Integrated Lighting Design, Marina
Del Rey, CA
Lowe, Roslyn
Food and Fiber Optics Are
on the Menu . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 26
Mama Ruggi’s Restaurantin
Cinimark Theater, Grapevine, TX
Kobes, John-Michael
Fresh Ideas For All To
Indulge In . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 57
Taco Bell Restaurants
Kobes, John-Michael
Perfection Per Se . . . . . . . May 62
New York’s Per Se Restaurant
Kale, Ann; Ann Kale Associates,
Santa Barbara, CA and Tihany,
Adam D. Tihany Design, NYC
Retail
Big-Box To Boutique . . . . . Apr 91
Tarricone, Paul
Covering All The Bases. . . Sep 61
Retrofit at 400 Sports Authority
Stores
Tarricone, Paul
Crafty Lighting Upgrade Improves
Retail Operations . . . . . . . May 43
Hobby Lobby’s Craft Retail,
Oklahoma City, OK
Kobes, John-Michael
Driven By Design . . . . . . . Sep 45
The New Audi Dealerships
Harwood, Ron, Stechschulte, Kelly
and Crossman, Kira; Illuminating
Concepts, Farmington Hills, MI
Lowe, Roslyn
Extreme Makeovers. . . . . . Sep 56
Spa & Salon Bellagio,
Las Vegas, NV
Barr, Vilma
From Mill To Mall In One
Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 28
The Mill Antique Mall In
Bibb City, GA
Kobes, John-Michael
Line-Up Change . . . . . . . . Sep 63
The Sports Authority’s Lighting
Retrofit
Tarricone, Paul
Reach For The Sky . . . . . . . Jul 66
FAO Schwarz, New York, NY
Gregory, Paul, Focus Lighting and
Rockwell, David S., The Rockwell
Group, New York, NY
Lowe, Roslyn
Retail Reflections . . . . . . . Apr 87
Gregory, Paul, Diemer, Helen and
Heenan, Sarah
Tarricone, Paul
Shopping in the Shadows. .. Jun 53
Gymboree’s New Janeville Store,
Valley Fair, CA
Edenbaum, Dan
Traveling First Class. . . . . Sep 48
Mercedes Benz M-class, At the
NAIAS in Detroit, MI
Lowe, Roslyn
Updated Track Lighting is the Favored
Flavor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 33
Englewood Wine Merchants,
Englewood, NJ
Kobes, John-Michael
Roadway/Street Lighting
A Walk in The Park . . . . . . Mar 50
Michigan’s Greenfield Village
Harwood, Ron, Klemmer, Kenneth
Vogel, Dennis and Schimmer, Larry;
Illuminating Concepts, Ltd.,
Farmington Hills, MI
An LED Glows In Brooklyn . Feb 47
Tarricone, Paul
Coming Soon To Broadway Feb 44
Sundin, Jean M. and Peiniger,
Enrique, Office of Visual
Interaction, New York, NY
Tarricone, Paul
Is ELMS The Answer . . . . Mar 46
Burkett, Karl A.
Portlanders ‘Thinking...Pink’ . Apr 84
Gauger, Dan and Spitulski, Stephen
Richmond After Dark. . . . . Oct 66
Richmond, VA’s Downtown
Streetscape
Stashik, Sandra M. and Sarge,
Courtney, Grenald Waldron
Associates, Narberth, PA
Lowe, Roslyn
Streetlights In The
Spotlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 83
City of Portland, OR
Gauger, Dan and Spitulski, Stephen
Who’s On First . . . . . . . . . Apr 85
Gauger, Dan and Spitulski, Stephen
Roundtable
Back & Forth . . . . . . . . . . Mar 55
Orgish, David, Stephens, Scott,
Roush, Mark and Metzler, Autumn
Tarricone, Paul
Industrial Evolution. . . . . . Jan 51
Bullough, John, Paulin, Doug, Denami,
Anthony J. and Mistrick, Richard
Lowe, Roslyn
Over & Out . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 78
Jim Baney, Schuler Shook, Chicago,
IL, Jill Cody, Hamel, Green and
Abrahamson, Milwaukee, WI; Mary
Claire Frazier, Candela
Architectural Lighting Consultants,
Seattle, WA and Jeff Gerwing,
SmithGroup, Detroit, MI
Tarricone, Paul
Retail Reflections . . . . . . . Apr 87
Gregory, Paul, Diemer, Helen and
Heenan, Sarah
Tarricone, Paul
Scanning the Spectrum
Beachfront Lighting Proves to
be an Environmentally Safe
Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 28
The Miami Beachwalk, Miami, FL
Kobes, John-Michael
Brighter Days Below As Garage Gets
Decked Out. . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 38
Colliers Monroe Friedlander’s Building
Parking Garage, Honolulu, HI
Kobes, John-Michael
Brighter is Better As BrandsMart
Rebrands . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 44
BrandsMarts’s, Atlanta, GA
Kobes, John-Michael
Bringing The Great Outdoors
Inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 40
The Atlanta Area Council Boy
Scouts Of America Volunteer
Service Center, Atlanta, GA
Kobes, John-Michael
Chandelier Creates Stage Presence
for Historic Theater . . . . . May 44
The Providence Performing Arts
Center, Providence, RI
Kobes, John-Michael
Crafty Lighting Upgrade Improves
Retail Operations . . . . . . . May 32
Hobby Lobby’s Craft Retail,
Oklahoma City, OK
Kobes, John-Michael
Custom Made Fixtures Brighten Up
Convention And Exhibit
Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 34
The Boston Convention and Exhibit
Center, Boston, MA
Kobes, John-Michael
Even Illumination Brightens New
Office Space. . . . . . . . . . . Mar 36
Affiliated Engineers, Inc., Westlake
Center Office Tower, Seattle, WA
Kobes, John-Michael
Expansion Makes for a Friendlier Pre-
Flight Experience . . . . . . . Oct 31
The International Terminal D,
Dallas/Fort Worth International
Airport
Kobes, John-Michael
68 www.iesna.org

Annual Index • Subject
Failing Fixtures are Expelled From
School Retrofit . . . . . . . . . Sep 39
Fairfax County Public Schools,
Northern, VA
Kobes, John-Michael
Fifth Avenue Flurry Creates An LED
Wonderland. . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 31
Saks Fifth Avenue Snowflake
Kobes, John-Michael
Food and Fiber Optics Are on the
Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 26
Mama Ruggi’s Restaurant in
Cinimark Theater, Grapevine, TX
Kobes, John-Michael
Fresh Ideas For All To
Indulge In . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 57
Taco Bell Restaurants
Kobes, John-Michael
From Mill To Mall In One
Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 28
The Mill Antique Mall in Bibb
City, GA
Kobes, John-Michael
Hydroelectric Sensation Breaks at
Niagara Falls . . . . . . . . . . Jun 43
Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort,
Ontario, Canada
Kobes, John-Michael
It’s All Work and All Play in LA
Headquarters . . . . . . . . . . Apr 58
Electronic Arts, (EA) Los Angeles
Playa Vista, CA
Kobes, John-Michael
LEC Technology Captures
The Checkered Flag . . . . . . Jul 34
Pepsi 400, Daytona Beach, FL
Kobes, John-Michael
Martha Says: “You’re
Hired”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 27
The Contestant Loft for “The
Apprentice: Martha Stewart”
television Show
Kobes, John-Michael
Restaurant Adds Lighting To Its
Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 33
Market Bistro, Phoenix, AZ
Kobes, John-Michael
Room With a View . . . . . . Aug 29
Residential Space in Houston, TX
Kobes, John-Michael
See Me Now, Says Seawall. . Aug 30
A Seawall in Fort Lauderdale, FL
Kobes, John-Michael
Seeing Your Name in
Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 25
Harrah’s Resort & Casino
Laughlin, NV
Kobes, John-Michael
The Show Glows On At
The Bardavon . . . . . . . . . . Oct 32
The Bardavon Theater,
Poughkeepsie, NY
Kobes, John-Michael
Updated Track Lighting is the Favored
Flavor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 33
Englewood Wine Merchants,
Englewood, NJ
Kobes, John-Michael
Signage
Blue and Red Get the
Go-Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 69
Sculpture for Outdoor Plaza of
Caltran’s District 7Headquarters
Los Angeles, CA
Cold, Harsh Reality. . . . . . Nov 42
ROI Analysis for LED Signage
Harlow, Grant
Fifth Avenue Flurry Creates An LED
Wonderland. . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 31
Saks Fifth Avenue Snowflake
Kobes, John-Michael
Seeing Dollar Signs . . . . . Nov 40
Roi Analysis for LED Signage
Harlow, Grant
Sports
Fed EXcellent Adventure . . . . . . Dec 40
FedExForum, Memphis, TN
Niemuth, Jon D.: Ellerbe Becket,
Kansas City, MO and Hoppas,
Barbara L.S.; Bredson &
Associates, Inc.,
Kobes, John-Michael
Good Citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 32
Citizens Bank Park, Philadelphia, PA
Cunningham, Robert F.Garman,
Richard G.& Hahnlen, Brian, Ewing
Cole, Philadelphia, PA
San Diego To The Core . . . Dec 30
Petco Park Baseball Field
Ragain Martin E.; Yamada,Joy
Illume/M-E Engineers, Inc., Wheat
Ridge, CO And Pavek, Krystof,
Luminatica, Rancho Santa Fe, CA
Tarricone, Paul
The Beacon of Fort
Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 46
The National Track & Field Hall of
Fame, Manhattan, NY
Skolnick, Lee H. and Cardenas,
Miguel; Lee H. Skolnic Architecture
+ Design Partnership, and Leni
Schwindinger, Light Projects Ltd.,
New York, NY
Tarricone, Paul
Weekend Warriors to World-class
Athletes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 34
New University of Houston
Recreation Center
Lees, Stephen W. and Brandt, Lee
E.; Horton lees Brogden Lighting
Design, New York, NY
Sustainable Design
Caltrans Transcendent . . . Aug 65
Caltran’s District 7Headquarters in
Los Angeles, CA
Brogden, Teal, Libonati, Heather,
Horton Lees Brogden Lighting
Design, Los Angeles, CA; Scott,
Ron, Ledalite Architectural
Products, Langley, BC & Wypasek,
Michael, Paramount Industries,
Inc., Croswell, MI
Lost in Transformation . . . . Jul 46
The Hiroshima City Naka
Incineration Plant
Mende, Kaoru, Lighting Planners
Associates and Taniguchi, Yoshio,
Taniguchi Associates, Tokyo, Japan
Lowe, Roslyn
Sign of the Times . . . . . . . . Jul 36
The New York Times New
Headquarters, New York, NY
Tarricone, Paul
West Side Story – A Revival .. Jul 42
Grand Stewart’s Building,
Baltimore, MD
Barber, Michael A. and Diemer,
Helen, The Lighting Practice, Inc.,
Philadlephia, PA
And Liebel, Tom, Design Collective,
Inc., Baltimore, MD
Technology
Acing Emergency Lighting . Aug 71
Sumner, Rob
Crossing the Chasm . . . . . Nov 49
White LEDs
Dowling, Kevin
Dirty Little Secrets. . . . . . . Oct 76
Paulin, Doug
Healthy Mind, Body . . . . . May 74
Trively, Paul
In Pursuit of Advanced
Performance Skylights . . . . Jul 56
Cuttle, Christopher
Industrial Intrigue: Fluorescent
vs. HID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 73
Paulin, Doug
Lighting Control: From Salt
Water To Silicon . . . . . . . . May 78
Maniccia, Dorene
Test-Drive Your Lighting . . Oct 75
Paulin, Doug
The Cornerstone of
Lighting Control . . . . . . . . Jun 56
McBride, Rusty
True Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 38
Ashdown, Ian
Theater
Chandelier Creates Stage Presence
for Historic Theater . . . . . May 44
The Providence Performing Arts
Center, Providence, RI
Kobes, John-Michael
Halo Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 28
Hollywood Bowl
Dachs, Joshua, Hoyes, Richard,
Fisher Dachs Assoc., New York, NY
and Fung, Hsin-Ming and Hodgetts,
Craig, Hodgetts + Fung, Design &
Architecture, Los Angeles, CA
Tarricone, Paul
The Show Glows On At
The Bardavon . . . . . . . . . . Oct 32
The Bardavon Theater,
Poughkeepsie, NY
Kobes, John-Michael
What’s New In Kalamazoo . Jan 42
Kalamazoo Air Zoo, Hunter, Bill
Kobes, John-Michael
Transportation
Brighter Days Below As Garage Gets
Decked Out. . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 38
Colliers Monroe Friedlander’s
Building Parking Garag, Honolulu, HI
Kobes, John-Michael
Expansion Makes for a Friendlier Pre-
Flight Experience . . . . . . . Oct 31
The International Terminal D,
Dallas/Fort Worth International
Airport
Kobes, John-Michael
Take The Plane To
The Train. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 33
Alaska’s Bill Sheffield Railroad Depot
Kobes, John-Michael
December 2005 LD+A 69

Annual Index • Author
Abernathy, Katherine C.; Kilburn,
Tayva; Abernathy, Christopher A. and
Rainone, Jason
The Big Red Time Machine. . . Sep 50
Akashi, Yukio
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Mar 18
Research Matters . . . . . . . . . Jul 12
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Dec 10
Ake, Ted
Lighting For Security . . . . . . Apr 31
Lighting For Security . . . . . . Jun 28
Lighting For Security. . . . . . Aug 16
Lighting For Security . . . . . . Oct 16
Lighting For Security . . . . . . Dec 17
Altman, Emlyn
Computers and Lighting . . . Dec 57
Digital Dialogue. . . . . . . . . . Jan 12
Digital Dialogue . . . . . . . . . May 22
Digital Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . Jul 14
Ashdown, Ian
True Colors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 38
Barber, Michael A.; Diemer, Helen and
Liebel, Tom
West Side Story – A Revival. . Jul 42
Barr, Vilma
Extreme Makeovers . . . . . . . Sep 56
Benya, James A.
Lighting In A Sustainable
Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 70
Bernecker, Craig
President’s Perspective . . . . Jan 7
President’s Perspective . . . . Apr 9
Bleasby, Peter
Rules & Regs. . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 16
Brandston, Howard M.
Bringing Humanities To
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 78
Brogden, Teal; Libonati, Heather;
Scott, Ron and Wypasek, Michael
Blue and Red Get the
Go-Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 69
Caltrans Transcendent . . . . Aug 65
Bullough, John D.
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Feb 12
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Jun 16
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Nov 10
Burkett, Karl A.
Is ELMS The Answer . . . . . Mar 46
Burns, Rich; Bernardo, Luis and
Sexton, George
Thinking Outside the
Black Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 72
Clements, E. Frank
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . . . Jun 12
Creer, Wallace
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 14
Cunningham, Robert F.; Garman,
Richard G. and Hahnlen, Brian
Good Citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 32
Cuttle, Christopher
In Pursuit of Advanced Performance
Skylights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 56
Daniels, Robert
Sonic Temple Rebirth . . . . . Dec 52
Deeb, Paul A.
Force Of Nature. . . . . . . . . . Mar 40
DiLaura, David
Making Light in The 20th
Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 87
Dowling, Kevin
Crossing the Chasm . . . . . . Nov 49
Edenbaum, Dan
Shopping in the Shadows . . . Jun 53
Fairweather, Virginia
Double Duty. . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 54
Fallin, Robert, Lafitte, David and
Laughlin, Robert J.
Jacksonville’s Pregame
Show. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 58
Ferzacca, Nick
Green Ideas. . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 14
Figueiro, Mariana, G.
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Jan 14
Research Matters . . . . . . . . May 16
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Sep 18
Fong, Denise
Green Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 10
Green Ideas. . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 22
Green Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . May 20
Green Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 18
Green Ideas. . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 22
Frazier, Mary Claire
Lighting Museums As Cultural
Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 78
Gauger, Dan and Spitulski, Stephen
Portlanders ‘Thinking...
Pink’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 84
Streetlights In The Spotlight . . Apr 83
Who’s On First . . . . . . . . . . Apr 85
Ham, Tao and Blanski, Bill
Developing The Mind . . . . . . Jul 59
Hanley, William
Executive Vice President
Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 8
Executive Vice Presidents
Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 10
Executive Vice Presidents
Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 8
Harlow, Grant
Cold, Harsh Reality . . . . . . . Nov 42
Seeing Dollar Signs. . . . . . . Nov 40
Harmon, Marcel J.
Lighting Across Cultures . . Jan 46
Harwood, Ron; Klemmer, Kenneth;
Vogel, Dennis and Schimmer, Larry
A Walk in The Park . . . . . . . Mar 50
Hawthorne, Darrell
Ferry Good Show . . . . . . . . . Feb 38
Hugh, Peter A
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . . . Feb 8
Regional Voices. . . . . . . . . . Sep 10
Hunt, Patricia
The Sporting Life. . . . . . . . . Sep 75
Kale, Ann and Tihany, Adam D.
Perfection Per Se . . . . . . . . May 62
Kobes, John-Michael
All Rolled Into One . . . . . . . May 52
Another Brick In the Wall. . . Oct 65
Beachfront Lighting Proves to
be an Environmentally Safe
Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 28
Brighter Days Below As Garage
Gets Decked Out . . . . . . . . . Mar 38
Brighter is Better As
BrandsMart Rebrands . . . . . Jun 44
Bringing The Great Outdoors
Inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 40
Chandelier Creates Stage Presence
for Historic Theater. . . . . . . May 44
Come Sail Away With LEDs . Nov 44
Crafty Lighting Upgrade Improves
Retail Operations . . . . . . . . May 32
Custom Made Fixtures
Brighten Up Convention
and Exhibit Center . . . . . . . Nov 34
Even Illumination Brightens
New Office Space . . . . . . . . Mar 36
Expansion Makes for a Friendlier
Pre-Flight Experience. . . . . . Oct 31
Failing Fixtures Are Expelled From
School Retrofit . . . . . . . . . . Sep 39
FedExcellent Adventure . . . . Dec 40
Fifth Avenue Flurry Creates
An LED Wonderland . . . . . . . Feb 31
Food and Fiber Optics Are on
the Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 26
Fresh Ideas For All To
Indulge In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 57
From Gray To Green. . . . . . . Aug 52
From Mill To Mall In One
Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 28
Great Wall of Chi–Town . . . . Oct 62
High Stakes In Exterior
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 56
Hope Floats In Little Rock . . Apr 60
Hydroelectric Sensation
Breaks at Niagara Falls. . . . Jun 43
It’s All Work and All Play in
L.A. Headquarters . . . . . . . . Apr 58
LEC Technology Captures The
Checkered Flag. . . . . . . . . . . Jul 34
Living The High Life . . . . . . . Jul 62
Martha Says: “You’re Hired” . . Dec 27
Restaurant Adds Lighting
To Its Overhead. . . . . . . . . . . Jul 33
Room With a View . . . . . . . . Aug 29
See Me Now, Says Seawall . Aug 30
Seeing Your Name in Lights . . Jan 25
Take The Plane To The Train . . Feb 33
The Show Glows On At The
Bardavon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 32
Updated Track Lighting is
the Favored Flavor. . . . . . . . Nov 33
What’s New In Kalamazoo . . Jan 42
Worth The Wait . . . . . . . . . . Nov 58
Kohring Craig, R.
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . . . Apr 10
Regional Voices. . . . . . . . . . Dec 8
Lanteigne, Robert
Landscape Lighting
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 68
70 www.iesna.org

Annual Index • Author
Lees, Stephen W. and Brandt, Lee E.
Weekend Warriors to
World-Class Athletes. . . . . . Dec 34
Leibowitz, Julie
Profiles In Postcards. . . . . . Aug 48
LeVere, Richard
There From The Start. . . . . . Feb 59
Lewis, Alan Laird
President’s Perspective. . . . . Jul 8
President’s Perspective . . . . Oct 6
Liebel, Brian
Hot Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 18
Hot Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 26
Hot Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 26
Hot Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 20
Lindstrom, Carole A.
Rethinking Park Lighting . . May 30
Lowe, Roslyn
Come Home To MoMA . . . . . May 68
Driven By Design. . . . . . . . . Sep 45
Earth Wind Fire & Water . . . May 58
Honor Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 48
Industrial Evolution . . . . . . . Jan 51
Lost in Transformation . . . . . Jul 46
Reach For The Sky . . . . . . . . Jul 66
Richmond After Dark . . . . . . Oct 66
Traveling First Class . . . . . . Sep 48
Maniccia, Dorene
Lighting Control: From Salt Water
To Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 78
Margulies, Stephen
Trading Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 46
McBride, Rusty
The Cornerstone of Lighting
Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 56
Miller, Naomi and North, Leslie
Healing Environments. . . . . Mar 61
Oomen, Manuel, Cummings, John and
Diemer, Helen
Emerging HID Technologies. Mar 73
Orgish, David and Myer, Jan
Built to Last . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 64
O’Rourke, Conan
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Sep 18
Padios, Scott D.
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . . May 10
Paulin, Doug. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dirty Little Secrets . . . . . . . . Oct 76
Industrial Intrigue:
Fluorescent VS. HID . . . . . . . Oct 73
Lighting For Quality . . . . . . . Jan 17
Lighting For Quality . . . . . . Mar 27
Lighting For Quality . . . . . . May 26
Lighting For Quality. . . . . . . Dec 17
Test-Drive Your Lighting . . . Oct 75
Pompeo, Paul
Careers & Hiring . . . . . . . . . Apr 20
Careers & Hiring . . . . . . . . . Jun 22
Careers & Hiring . . . . . . . . . Aug 16
Careers & Hiring . . . . . . . . . Sep 26
Rambusch, Viggo
Fixtures Were His Fancy. . . . Oct 86
Rea, Mark S.
Eerie Coincidences . . . . . . . Mar 80
From The Shoulders of
Giants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 78
Romaniello, Peter
Regional Voices. . . . . . . . . . Mar 11
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . . . Oct 8
Thou Shall Understand Residential
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 61
Roush, Mark and Oberkircher, Fred
Techniques for Teaching
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 70
Samuelson, Christopher E.
Visual Ergonomics:
A Closer Look . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 20
Stone II, Charles G. and Hess
Jonathan R.
Spreading Its Wings . . . . . . Nov 52
Sumner, Rob
Acing Emergency Lighting . . . Aug 71
Tarricone, Paul
An LED Glows In Brooklyn . . Feb 47
Back & Forth. . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 55
Big-Box To Boutique . . . . . . Apr 91
Coming Soon To Broadway . . Feb 44
Covering All The Bases . . . . Sep 61
Dark From Day One. . . . . . . May 49
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . May 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Sep 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 4
Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 4
Finally Blue . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 37
Halo Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 28
Line-Up Change . . . . . . . . . Sep 63
New Frontier . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 66
Over & Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct 78
Retail Reflections . . . . . . . . Apr 87
San Diego To The Core. . . . . Dec 30
Sign of the Times . . . . . . . . . Jul 36
Take It From The Top. . . . . . . Jul 40
The Beacon of
Fort Washington . . . . . . . . . Jun 46
Three Easy Pieces . . . . . . . . May 46
Tiller, Dale and Houser, Kevin
Light, Sight and the Senses. . . Mar. 64
Tolen, Thomas
Regional Voices . . . . . . . . . . . Aug. . 8
Trively, Paul
Healthy Mind, Body &
Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . May 74
Van Derlofske, John
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Apr 16
Research Matters . . . . . . . . Aug 12
Warfel, William B.
Light, Discovery, Spirit and
Consequences. . . . . . . . . . . Mar 66
Warren, William L
Energy Advisor. . . . . . . . . . . Jan 8
Energy Advisor. . . . . . . . . . . Feb 10
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . . Mar 12
Energy Advisor. . . . . . . . . . . Apr 12
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . . May 12
Energy Advisor. . . . . . . . . . . Jun 14
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 10
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . . Aug 10
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . . Sep 14
Energy Advisor. . . . . . . . . . . Oct 10
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . . Nov 8
Energy Advisor . . . . . . . . . . Dec 9
Yeager, Raymond
Material Things. . . . . . . . . . Mar 76
December 2005 LD+A 71

LIGHT PRODUCTS
Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
has added stainless steel wallplates
to its Fassada and Claro wallplate
collections to coordinate with
black dimmers, switches and accessories.
The stainless steel
Fassada wallplates, which feature a
small toggle opening, complement
Lutron’s expanded line of Faedra,
Qoto, Ariadni and Toggler dimmers.
The stainless steel Claro
wallplates, which feature a large
designer opening, fit Lutron’s
Skylark, Diva, Maestro and RadioRA
dimmers, switches and accessories.
The low-profile, two-piece wallplate
features rounded edges and
a “no visible screws” design, offering
a clean look.
www.lutron.com
Mystique, a handcrafted glass
piece from Austria, is available
with Bruck Lighting Systems’
two in. or 4 in. kiss canopy (with
integral transformer) or with a
uni-plug to attach to any of
Bruck’s tracks systems.
www.brucklightingsystems.com
The Monolith wall scone from Original
Cast Lighting is available in two sizes, four
unique face patterns and is useful for applications
where the user is retrofitting a space or
doesn’t have the room to remote mount an
emergency ballast.
www.theocl.com
Appleton’s Mercmaster III
Induction fixture that provides a
cost-effective, long-term solution
for hazardous and non-hazardous
industrial lighting needs,and is especially
effective where access for
relamping is difficult, maintenance is
prohibitively expensive, and reliability
is absolutely essential. Even after
60,000 hours of use, the luminaire
should maintain 70 percent of its
total light output.
www.appletonelec.com
Advance Transformers’ has expanded its line of sign PRO LED Sign
Drivers to include a new 100-W 24-vdc model for use in a wide variety
of LED lighting applications.The driver features IntelliVolt Multiple-Voltage
technology, which enables its operation at any input voltage from 120 to
277 volts, 50/60Hz, subsequently reducing SKU requirements,
enhancing ease and accuracy of ordering, and eliminating field
mis-match concerns.The drivers further carry a “CE” certification
for use in applications involving European
voltages (220-240-V, 50Hz), as well as UL-recognized
component status and CSA listing.
www.advancetransformer.com
Display lighting is transformed into a beautiful art form with
W.A.C. Lighting’s precision modules, a new line of upscale
specification grade multiple recessed spotlights that integrate
robust, architectural styling and elegance with superior function
and versatility. Spotlights can be interchanged with the precise
number and types of lamps needed to accomplish the task at
hand, whether it is wall washing, accent, spot or perimeter lighting
or any combination.
www.waclighting.com
74 www.iesna.org

The FOMH-150C illuminator is the latest addition to Lighting
Services Inc’s fiber optic line of products. The FOMH-150C is a
metal halide fiber optic unit that utilizes the highly efficient 150-W
reflectorized CDM-SA/R lamp.This 4000 hour lamp produces a crisp,
white light ideal for display, architectural and case lighting where relatively
high light levels are desirable.
www.lightingservicesinc.com
The restyled Claire wall fixture
from Leucos USA elegantly
drapes satin white glass over a polished
chrome-plated structure, diffusing
the light source to produce a
smooth glow. Extending beyond the
metal base, the graceful inward curvature
of the glass adds depth and
intrigue to the stylish piece. Claire
is available in three sizes with incandescent
or fluorescent lamping.
www.leucos.com
Leucos USA, Inc’s pulse
series of hand-blown glass fixtures
is an explosion of cones and
leaves that curve with a graceful
and dramatic presence. The fixture
is available in colorless
Venetian crystal, shiny black and
shiny milky team, and it is available
in three sizes.
www.leucos.com
Through a colorful, graphical
interface, the LyteScene Touch
Screen Master Station from
Lightolier Controls can capture
and simulate the control
panel functions of any selected
LYTEmode Network Master
Station or Remote in real time.
With only a few simple touches
of the screen, adjustments can be
made to any individual channel or
“scene” presets in any room in
the system.
www.lolcontrols.com
Advance Transformer has enhancement of its line of
Centiu Instant Start Normal Light Output Electronic Ballasts
with IntelliVolt to include new energy-saving low-watt models
for the operation of one-four T8 fluorescent lamps. Designed
to operate from one to four 32-W, 25-W, and 17-W standard
T8 lamps as well as one to four 30-W, 28-W, and 25-W energy-saving
T8 lamps, the ballasts are ideal for general office lighting
as well as both new construction and retrofit applications.
www.advancetransformer.com
Fiberoptic Lighting’s, fiber optic Starfield brings the night sky indoors for
themed environments, tradeshow and special events. Each panel has a Starfield
with galactic effects and an additional enhancement of fireworks. The fireworks
are on separate circuits and can be turned on or off. Pictured is an image, which
is a composite of six digital images taken of one of the panels as it went through
its celestial program of light, color and movement.
www.flisign.com
April 75 December 2005 2005 LD+A LD+A www.iesna.org
75

LIGHT PRODUCTS
Globe Electric Company’s
Ultra Mini soft white, compact fluorescent
lamp (CFL) is Energy Star
Approved and warranted by Globe
to last up to five years based on normal
use (3-4 hours per day). The
small size and the big energy savings
make the lamp the ideal energy saving
replacement for the standard
incandescent bulb for indoor or outdoor
use.The 9-W CFL can replace
a 40-W standard household lamp
and the 13-W replaces the 60-W.
www.globe-electric.com
Fiberoptic Lighting’s Enlightened
Labyrinth uses the Chartres
model, the lunations on the edges of
the Enlightened Labyrinth are lit and
the center area is also lit with fiber
optic lighting. The center changes
colors slowly while the lunations
flicker as if they are candles. The
Enlightened Labyrinth is ideally suited
as a meditative and healing tool in
hospital/healthcare and church applications
and is also perfect for garden
centers, florists, themed environments,
retailers and restaurants.
www.flisign.com
Besa Lighting’s Adjustable 3-
Light Bars in its “A Series” of lowvoltage
mini pendants are
designed with adjustable pull-up
and pull-down mechanisms to
adjust the pendant heights according
to the end-users’ lighting
needs. The series includes 50-W
halogen lamps and 60-W class two
electronic transformers. More
than 50 different color and style
options are offered in the series.
www.besalighting.com
Heatron’s new six-page
brochure details their extensive
design,assembly and systems expertise
in LED light engine technology.
Heatron’s design and integration
capabilities allow them to balance
the critical disciplines required —
including power sources or drivers,
emitters, thermal management, secondary
optics, housings, or enclosures
— to create the optimal solution
for your LED application.
www.heatron.com
Leviton's line of locking plugs for
original equipment manufacturers
(OEMs) offers high quality 2-pole,
3-wire grounding devices for equipment
requiring a National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
locking plug configuration. Built to
the highest industry standards and
providing superior performance in
demanding settings, the locking
plugs offer unparalleled reliability for
a diverse range of applications,
including connections for pendant
lighting fixtures, commercial food
processing equipment, and commercial
and industrial cleaning
equipment.
www.leviton.com
Advanced Lighting Technologies’
Microsun combines metal
halide technology with beautiful and
unique table and floor lamp designs
that use metal halide technology to
provide adequate light levels for
aging eyes. Microsun lamps feature a
metal halide lamp that uses only 68
watts of energy while giving off the
same amount of light as five 75-W
incandescent or one 300-W halogen
lamp; and because the system uses
less wattage, there is less heat generated,
making it more comfortable
to sit next to one of these lamps.
www.venturelighting.com
76 www.iesna.org

BEGA’s introduces a square reflector luminaire with a totally
adjustable indirect optical system. The square top reflector and
the luminaire are fixed to each other and adjust together from
zero deg to 65 deg to direct light where it is needed.Two gasketed
clamps at the top of the fitter can be loosened to allow adjustment
of the entire luminaire reflector assembly.This luminaire is
ideal for parking areas, roadways and pedestrian scale landscape
and is available in five standard finishes.
www.bega-us.com
Hoffman Products’ Speede Connectors
line now includes a clear color coded style.
These new clear connectors are UL/C for solid
copper wire. A quick, fast and efficient push in
wire concept for splicing significantly reduces
installation cost. Made of 6/6 nylon, and rated
for 600 volts, they are designed to handle wire
sizes 12-22 AWG.
www.hoffmanproducts.com
Kirlin’s SofTex square and rectangular
trims complement the
finest of architectural spaces such as
restaurants, residences, entertainment
venues and high-end public and
office spaces. All rectangles and wall
washes come standard with tempered
Microlux lenses mounted
above the lower trim. Type IC, Air
Tight and many shallow plenum luminaires are available along with several optional colors
and lenses and corrugated aluminum trims.
www.kirlinlighting.com
Gigahertz-Optik’s hand-held meter for color
and illuminance/ luminance measurements of light
sources in the field or lab now includes a Delta-
UV function.The ergonomically designed and easy
to use HCT-99-D measures color chromaticity
coordinates x,y and u’,v’, lux and/or candela per
square meter, correlated color temperature as
well as then new Delta-UV function which shows
the deviation of the measured x, y color coordinates
from the black body radiator locus.
www.gigahertz-optik.com
December 2005 LD+A 77