10. Seismic Stratigraphy

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Onlap is recognized on seismic data by the termination of low-angle reflections against a steeper seismic surface. Two types of onlap are recognized: marine onlap and coastal onlap. Downlap is baselap in which an initially inclined stratum terminates downdip against an initially horizontal or inclined surface. The surface of downlap represents a marine condensed unit in most cases. Santa Cruz terrace deposits downlapping onto unconformity. http://ic.ucsc.edu/~casey/eart168/Lec.SeisStrat.htm Sequence <strong>Stratigraphy</strong> Department of Earth Sciences National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin 22
Toplap is the termination of inclined reflections (clinoforms) against an overlying lower angle surface, where this is believed to represent the proximal depositional limit. Other term: Offlap: A conformable sequence of inclined strata, deposited during a marine regression, in which each stratum is succeeded laterally by progressively younger units (a clinoform). Clinoforms merging into toplap. Peru, a temperate water carbonate of Miocene age. Sequence <strong>Stratigraphy</strong> Department of Earth Sciences National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin http://ic.ucsc.edu/~casey/eart168/Lec.SeisStrat.htm 23
Page 1 and 2: 10. Seismic Stratigraphy Reflection
Page 3 and 4: Main body of seismic data (courtesy
Page 5 and 6: ◎ Nature of a reflection Velocity
Page 7 and 8: ♥ Polarity Positive RC produces a
Page 9 and 10: 10.2 Resolution of seismic data A.
Page 11 and 12: Thin-bed effect or tuning Reflector
Page 13 and 14: B. Lateral resolution The seismic e
Page 15 and 16: 10.3 Chronostratigraphic significan
Page 17 and 18: 10.4 Seismic sequence analysis The
Page 19 and 20: An idealized sequence Vail (1987) S
Page 21: Apparent truncation is the terminat
Page 25 and 26: Examples of onlap (one kind of base
Page 27 and 28: Examples of toplap (Mitchum et al.,
Page 29 and 30: Practical: On the following figure,
Page 31 and 32: 10.5 Seismic facies analysis Seismi
Page 33 and 34: 2. Parallelism of reflection cycles
Page 35 and 36: 2. Divergent: Divergent configurati
Page 37 and 38: Examples of prograding configuratio
Page 39 and 40: 4. Chaotic: This pattern is interpr
Page 41 and 42: External forms of seismic facies un
Page 43 and 44: Interpretation of lithofacies and d
Page 45 and 46: Summary of seismic facies character
Page 47 and 48: Summary of seismic facies character

10. Seismic Stratigraphy

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