10. Seismic Stratigraphy

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Sequence Stratigraphy Department of Earth Sciences National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin sec 30
10.5 Seismic facies analysis Seismic facies analysis takes the interpretation process one step beyond seismic sequence analysis by examining within sequences smaller reflection units that may be the seismic response to lithofacies. Seismic facies are packages of reflectors with a set of seismic characteristics differing from adjacent units (similar to definition of a “formation”-must be distinguishable from adjacent units and mappable on earth's surface). Keystones in seismic facies analysis (Sangree and Widmier, 1979): 1. An understanding of the effects of lithology and bed spacing on reflection parameters: amplitude, frequency, continuity of reflections. Sequence Stratigraphy Department of Earth Sciences National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin Feature of Reflectors Amplitude Frequency Continuity Geological Interpretation (Sangree Widmier, 1979) Impedance (velocity-density) contrasts, Layer spacing (cause constructive and destructive interference), Fluid content Bed spacing, Fluid content Beddding or layer continuity, depositional processes 31
Page 1 and 2: 10. Seismic Stratigraphy Reflection
Page 3 and 4: Main body of seismic data (courtesy
Page 5 and 6: ◎ Nature of a reflection Velocity
Page 7 and 8: ♥ Polarity Positive RC produces a
Page 9 and 10: 10.2 Resolution of seismic data A.
Page 11 and 12: Thin-bed effect or tuning Reflector
Page 13 and 14: B. Lateral resolution The seismic e
Page 15 and 16: 10.3 Chronostratigraphic significan
Page 17 and 18: 10.4 Seismic sequence analysis The
Page 19 and 20: An idealized sequence Vail (1987) S
Page 21 and 22: Apparent truncation is the terminat
Page 23 and 24: Toplap is the termination of inclin
Page 25 and 26: Examples of onlap (one kind of base
Page 27 and 28: Examples of toplap (Mitchum et al.,
Page 29: Practical: On the following figure,
Page 33 and 34: 2. Parallelism of reflection cycles
Page 35 and 36: 2. Divergent: Divergent configurati
Page 37 and 38: Examples of prograding configuratio
Page 39 and 40: 4. Chaotic: This pattern is interpr
Page 41 and 42: External forms of seismic facies un
Page 43 and 44: Interpretation of lithofacies and d
Page 45 and 46: Summary of seismic facies character
Page 47 and 48: Summary of seismic facies character

10. Seismic Stratigraphy

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