Geodetic education in Albania.pdf - BALGEOS

Geodetic education and scientific
research under the Bologna Process
Gëzim Gjata, Dr.Eng.
Gëzim Hasko, Prof.Asoc.
Department of Geodesy / Civil Enginering Faculty
Polytechnic University it of Tirana

Introduction
♣ Why this presentation
ti - One of Balgeos II Project objectives devoted
new researchers in Balcan Countries.
- Developments in Geodesy and an optimal
geodetic education
– key role for preparing and
progress of new researchers
- What offers the Bologna System for new
researchers in geodesy

Application of Bologna System and its qualities
BS actually is applied in all our universities
BS seems to be very important in the high education even in Geodesy
BS give possibility to:
- Cooperation
- Integration of “ National programme and politics’ with those of regional and international institutions.
- Mobility of students and researchers;
- International advanced study programme:
- Cooperation, Exchanging and Mobility of academic Staff;
Bologna Process is seen as a tool to face up:
GLOBALISATION
INTERNATIONALISATION
EUROPIANISATION
Conclusion: Qualities as well as the Model Bologna System almost applied in our country seems to be very
important for balcanic country in order to achive above mention objectives;
In this context Bologna Process dictate in obligatory way that high education Programme during the
designation to take into account the unification not only at the national level, but more wide at regional as
well as in european. Also this model is structured in three levels, which are foreseen to realise the
education at any disipline (even geodesy and surveying) at three level where scientific knowledge and
developments come to increase from level to level.
So, in the case of geodesy and surveying:
At the first level (3-year) : Surveying and Engineering (BSc
At the second Level (2 year): Scientific Subjects and special engineering g (Msc)
At the third Level (Doctorate): Oriented Scientific Multisubjects, latest scientific developments
as well as indipendent scientific research;

Developments in Geodesy
High Education in geodesy and surveying is realized now under the
conditions of Bologna Systems.
Actually the compilation and building the Teaching Programmes based in
the Bologna Model, need to take into account the developments in the
various displines of geodesy and surveying.
Since more 20 years geodesy, surveying, etc. have realized a high and a
modern developments than ever due to the influence of :
1. Developments in technology (From opto mechanical to
electronic and digital instruments);
2. Space Age ( GPS technology and needs of space disiplines);
3. Digital Age (Digital Satellite and Photogrammetric scanning);
4. Technology of Information (GIS and geoinformation systems);
All this modern developments are now a reality in the education of surveyors
and geodesists;

Developments in geodesy
Task of building of a geodetic and surveying Currucula seems to be very important process
and ask for care. This ask for findinig the right ratios beetwen e Basics, traditional t a geodesy
, modern Geodesy, Engineering, g Technology of Information and other displines.
Why
Geodetic Education Currucula seems to be a complicated model due to the fact:
-It should be taken into account Bologna systems with its characteristics (three levels).
- that geodesy has a very strong scientific frame and basics;
- that engineering geodesy, urban and cadastral geodesy are becoming very neccesary, to
map, to build geometry where through its qulitatve measurments and equpiments makes
possible the construction with very high technical qualities.
- that developments of Technology of information and Space Age and their impacts in
geodetic and survey developments ask for taken into account the teaching fast of
traditional of geodesy and surveying. This due to fact that t into those are the geometric
model as well as principle, which are incorporated in the equipments and hardware,
through the modules, programmes and sofware, which to be understanding needs the
mentioned geometric model, geodetic principle, geodetic and surveying methods to be
know manually.
- that the main scientific objectives of geodesy remain again and they are a very real field
for scientific research by using the new technolgies as well the the achivements of the
various methods applied by the modern geodesy; (e.g. geoid, geodinamic stady of
surface of earth, study of sealine, stady of satelite reference network, deformations,
accurasy and quality of measurments and models ,etc,) Of course those subjects should
be included into high levels of geodetic currucula.

Technology
1. Global Positioning System

Technology
2. Optomechanical

Bologna Model- Education- Research
A qualitative ti high h education is a preleminary condition for
preparing p the specialist with high expertize as well as to
develop the scientfic research.
How is this education in Albania, what the Bologna System
offer for the research and new reserchers
In order to answer those queston, the applied Bologna System
in our Department its characteristics and chellenges are
given in following:
Bologna system was applied for the first time even education in
geodesy at 2005.
Actually Department t of Geodesy is the only institution, which h is
responsible for education in Geodesy and Surveying in
Albania.

Bologna Model- Education- Research
Department have nine members, which teach various geodetic subjects in the branch of Geodesy
as well as cover the topography, geomatics, engineering geodesy in the other branches of
faculty as in: Archicture, Construction, Hidrotechnic, etc.
The currucula is adopted according to Bologna System Structure organised in three Levels:
First Level - 3- years - Bechelor (DNP)
Second Level - 2-years -
Master (DND)
Third Level - 3-year -
Doctorate (PhD)
This model (structure) in terms of education and science can be interprete as:
- First level of BM give the possibilty for education of the Surveyor Engineer;
- Second level of BM aims to educate geodetic and surveyors engineers in high
level by entering subjects with scientific elements as well as with the scientific
developments in geodesy;
- The third level of BM (doctorate) is forenseen that by passing one year deep
and advanced education course to realise the produce of new researcher with
the individual ability for scientific research.

Bologna Model- Education- Research

Bologna Model- Education- Research
Information on Teaching Program of Geodesy and Surveying in UPT
First Level Currucula Education was build up at 2005.
Due to this first experience as well as the aims and objective of Bologna
System, this currucula was improved last year (2008) with 22 subjects.
Also the Second Level Currucula was built at 2008 with 14 Subjects
This year (2009) the proposal for a doctorate programme with 10 subjects
was build and is under the process of approval in the Ministry of Education .
In following the First and Second Teaching programme are given:

Bologna Model- Education- Research

Bologna Model- Education- Research

Bologna Model- Education- Research
Principles of building up Curruculas
Two Teaching gprogrammes presented are designed by taken into account a model by 22
subjects for First Level and 14 subjects for the Second Level. During designed by
taken into account the experience, expertize in Department as well as to realize
the programmes with internal and solid links, subjects were put into by the following
logic:
1. Mathematics I, II with various moduls to support: Mathematical geodesy, Last
Square Theory, Cartography, Computer Programming, Photogrammetry.
2. Physics with special chapters to support Satellite Geodesy (GPS), Sallite Image
(RS), Modern geodetic technolgy.
3. Programming of Geo –mathematical & graphical to support Geomatics, surveying
subjects, RS, photogrammetry, GIS and understanding of all prefesional softwares
in surveying and Geodesy.
4. Special attention was for engineering Geodesy, Cadaster and Evalutation of
Immovable Property.
5. Subjects in the second level to be at the level advanced with the scientific and
j
research elements.

Bologna Model- Education- Research
Credits (ECTS) – an important standarts of evaluation in Bologna systems
ECTS are an important standart in the Bologna systems, maybe the main standart which allowed to
measure, evaluate and to realize the mobilty of students and staff..
Ratio of destribution of them for each subjects into parts of CSRT for Lesson, Seminar, Home Exercises,
Projects, Field work is flexible.
They together with programmes allowed to consider and to reflect in the expertize of lecturers and staff,
qualification, situation of laboratories, eficiency for students, and optimisation of the activity of
Department.
In our case this was analyse carefully. What was finding out
- Need for qualification for new and modern subjects.
- Lack of Laboratories (Only a small Laboratoiries i with 11 computers, some manuale photogrammetric
t equipments, as well as a set of theodolites and levels equipments are available). No any TS! No Any
GPS recivers! Less standart profesional software!
- Privat sector (surveying and GIS companies) should and were call to support teaching.
- Need for those technologies are becoming very imperative.
- Need for exchanging experience, teaching programmes in the level l regional and european.

Bologna Model- Education- Research
Scientifc research and resercher
Space from the Second Level to Doctorate Level under the Bologna process
is the space for developing scientific research and produce the new
researchers.
Diploma of the second level is consider to have elements of the scientific
researcher, which h will ask for a serious involvement of qualified
Lecturers.
Scientific activities iti like Simposium, i Scientific meetings (almost now are
applied) at level of Department and University and more wide in regional
and european seems to be a very good way to involve the new
researcher.
Developments of Modern Geodesy at all, geodetic studies problems at
national and regional and more wide, increasing the quality of education,
requare increasing the attention for a fast and a dynamic process of
preparation p of the new researchers.

Bologna Model- Education- Research
Researchers and Sourses for the scientic research
As Bologna System (Doctorate Level) gives the new researchers the possibility for a modern
theoretical education, it is of a very important point that theoretical achivement to be applied
to solve the geodetic problems in all dimentions: in scientific part, engineering geodesy, in
applying of the various products which come from RS, GPS, Phoogrammetry,etc into GIS,
Geoinformation, study of geodinamics, the movements of sealine, etc.
Actually all these problematics are present even in Albania.
- Developments of engineering infrastructure (Roads, transport, Urban Planning,
Tourism, etc)
E.G. Mauntinous Highway Durres-Morina- Prishtina, 4 lines, two Tunels (5 km each).
- Developments in documentation of Property and the property Marcet (Cadaster &
Immovable Property) as well as legalisation of informal constructions.
E.G. Applied GPS Techniques, Orthophotos from Aeral Photograps; etc
- Establishind of the Satellite Reference System (ALBPOS);
E.G. National Satellite reference and permanent stations are establishted; Center of the
system is established also. At november System will be functional.
- Needs for treatments of spatial and geo data under the GIS systems and others form.
- Needs for establishing specifications, standarts and institutions.
All this problematics and others seems to be a very good base or sourse for scientifc research
and formation of the new researchers.

Conclusions
Bologna System structured at three levels gives possibility for engineering and scientific education.
It allows the mobility of the students and researchers through the standart credits system (CSRT) in
the function of their qualitative a education in the others universities.
es
Unification of teaching Programmes and exchanged the experience between Balcanic Universities
gives and support mobility and cooperation between students,reseachers and academic staff of
them.
Developments in Geodesy, Surveying, mapping, Engineering, Technology, etc. ask for establishing
modern geodetic laboratories, and for new Technologies to support the teaching process.
Establishing of the Satellite refernce systems at national level in our countries is a basic point for
unification, exchanged experience, integration ti of them in Europian level, l and cooperation for
supporting the developments in various fields of infrstructure,engineering engineering and science.
Bologna Systems with its qualities promote the developments elopments of variuos institutions tions to support
studies, projects, standarts and also to be as institions for scientific and profesional carier.
Scientific simposiums, Meetings, workshop play very important role in procees of coperation and
qualification of the new researcher and academic staff.

Thank You for Your Attention!
FALEMINDERIT!
Skopje, 28092009
28.09.2009