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C# 4 and .NET 4

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user-defined exceptions – virtual properties<br />

user-defined exceptions<br />

catching, 363–364<br />

throwing, 364–367<br />

user-defined functions, 969–970<br />

user-defined integer types. See enumerations<br />

user-defined types. See UDTs<br />

UseSynchronizationContext, 1295<br />

ushort, 33<br />

using clause, 823–824, 860<br />

using keyword<br />

aliases <strong>and</strong>, 47<br />

namespaces <strong>and</strong>, 25, 46–47<br />

using namespace statement (C++), 25<br />

using System statement, 47<br />

UsingSP/Program.cs, 968<br />

UTF7, 794, 795<br />

UTF8 encoding, 794, 795, 796, 811, 812<br />

UTF32, 794, 795<br />

Utilities class, 612<br />

Utilities/Utilities.cs, 612<br />

UUID (universal unique ID), 703,<br />

1363, 1364<br />

uuidgen.exe utility, 1363<br />

V<br />

ValidateMustUnderst<strong>and</strong>, 1295<br />

validation<br />

activity validation, 1317<br />

web server controls, 1163–1164<br />

WPF <strong>and</strong>, 1057–1061<br />

with XmlReader, 910–911<br />

ValidationSummary, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1168<br />

‹value›, 54<br />

value changed callbacks, 735–736<br />

value conversion (WPF), 1051–1057<br />

VALUE index, 978<br />

value types, 308–309<br />

defined, 8<br />

memory management <strong>and</strong>, 307–309<br />

predefined, 33–35<br />

reference types v., 8, 32–33<br />

stack <strong>and</strong>, 8, 32, 308–309<br />

structs as, 81<br />

ValueCount, 810<br />

var keyword<br />

dynamic programming (<strong>C#</strong>) <strong>and</strong>, 295<br />

dynamic type <strong>and</strong>, 296<br />

new keyword <strong>and</strong>, 79<br />

type inference <strong>and</strong>, 28<br />

Var.cs, 28<br />

variable scope, 29–31<br />

variables<br />

declaring, 26–31<br />

initialization of, 27<br />

naming conventions, 60–63<br />

outside of Lambda expressions, 199<br />

workflows <strong>and</strong>, 1322–1323<br />

Variance/IDisplay.cs, 121<br />

Variance/IIndex.cs, 119<br />

Variance/Program.cs, 120, 121<br />

Variance/RectangleCollection.cs, 120<br />

Variance/Rectangle.cs, 119<br />

Variance/Shape.cs, 119<br />

Variance/ShapeDisplay.cs, 121<br />

VARIANT, 698, 701<br />

Vector class, 32, 337, 339, 341<br />

Vector Struct (operator overloading example),<br />

165–171. See also FormattableVector<br />

VectorAsCollection sample, 337, 339<br />

vector-based WPF, 990<br />

VectorClass assembly (WhatsNewAttributes), 337,<br />

339–340<br />

VectorEnumerator, 340, 349<br />

vectors<br />

adding, 165–166<br />

bit vectors, 260–262<br />

comparing, 170–171<br />

multiplying, 168–169<br />

VectorStruct solution, 166<br />

VectorStructMoreOverloads.sln, 168<br />

Version (project property), 415<br />

versioning<br />

data contracts <strong>and</strong>, 1292<br />

shared assemblies <strong>and</strong>, 454–458<br />

versions<br />

assemblies<br />

binding to, 456–457<br />

programmatically getting, 455–456<br />

version numbers, 455<br />

CLR<br />

filenames <strong>and</strong>, 409<br />

installing/using multiple versions, 458<br />

vertical tab (escape sequence), 35<br />

View (container for controls), 1161<br />

view (MVC framework), 1260. See also MVC<br />

Viewbox, 998, 999<br />

viewing assemblies, 434–435<br />

Views directory, 1261<br />

virtual (modifier), 100<br />

virtual address space. See virtual memory<br />

virtual addressing, 308<br />

virtual Equals(), 162<br />

virtual keyword, 91, 93<br />

virtual memory (virtual address space), 11, 308<br />

allocation<br />

on heap, 309–311<br />

on stack, 308–311<br />

application domains <strong>and</strong>, 12–13<br />

processes <strong>and</strong>, 11–12<br />

virtual methods, 91–92<br />

virtual properties, 91–92<br />

1468<br />

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