FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Full Version) - Sembcorp

Notes to the
Financial Statements
Year Ended December 31, 2008
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d)
i. Hedging
i. Fair Value Hedges
Where a derivative financial instrument hedges the changes in fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an
unrecognised firm commitment (or an identified portion of such asset, liability or firm commitment), any gain
or loss on the hedging instrument is recognised in the income statement. The hedged item is also stated at fair
value in respect of the risk being hedged, with any gain or loss recognised in the income statement.
ii.
Cash Flow Hedges
Where a derivative financial instrument is designated as a hedge of the variability in cash flows of a recognised
asset or liability, or a highly probable forecast transaction, the effective part of any gain or loss on the derivative
financial instrument is recognised directly in equity. The ineffective part of any gain or loss is recognised
immediately in the income statement. When the forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition
of a non-financial asset or non-financial liability, or the forecast transaction for a non-financial asset or nonfinancial
liability becomes a firm commitment for which fair value hedge accounting is applied, the associated
cumulative gain or loss is removed from equity and included in the initial cost or other carrying amount of the
non-financial asset or liability. If a hedge of a forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a
financial asset or financial liability, the associated gains and losses that were recognised directly in equity are
reclassified into the income statement in the same period or periods during which the asset acquired or liability
assumed affects the income statement.
When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or the entity revokes designation of
the hedge relationship but the hedged forecast transaction is still expected to occur, the cumulative gain or
loss at that point remains in equity and is recognised in accordance with the above policy when the transaction
occurs. If the hedged transaction is no longer expected to take place, the cumulative unrealised gain or loss
recognised in equity is recognised immediately in the income statement.
iii. Hedge of Monetary Assets and Liabilities
Where a derivative financial instrument is used to hedge economically the foreign exchange exposure of a
recognised monetary asset or liability, no hedge accounting is applied and any gain or loss on the hedging
instrument is recognised in the income statement.
iv. Hedge of Net Investment in a Foreign Operation
The gain or loss on a financial instrument used to hedge a net investment in a foreign operation is recognised
in the Company’s income statement. On consolidation, only the portion of the gain or loss on the hedging
instrument that is determined to be an effective hedge is reclassified to equity. This amount is recognised in
the consolidated income statement on disposal of the foreign operation.
v. Separable Embedded Derivatives
Changes in the fair value of separable embedded derivatives are recognised immediately in the income statement.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d)
j. Inventories
i. Finished Goods and Components
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
ii.
Cost is calculated using the weighted average cost formula and comprises all costs of purchase, costs of
conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. In the
case of manufactured inventories and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of overheads based
on normal operating capacity. Costs of inventories also include the transfer from equity, if any, of gains / losses
on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw materials.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of
completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
When inventories are sold, the carrying amount of those inventories is recognised as an expense in the period
in which the related revenue is recognised.
The amount of any allowance for write-down of inventories to net realisable value and all losses of inventories
are recognised as an expense in the period the write-down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any
allowance for write-down of inventories, arising from an increase in net realisable value, is recognised as a
reduction in the amount of inventories recognised as an expense in the period in which the reversal occurs.
Long-term Contracts
The accounting policy for recognition of contract revenue is set out in Note 2(v)(ii).
Long-term contracts-in-progress at the balance sheet date are recorded in the balance sheet at cost plus
attributable profit less recognised losses, net of progress claims and allowance for foreseeable losses, and are
presented in the balance sheet as “Work-in-progress” (as an asset) or “Excess of progress claims over workin-progress”
(as a liability), as applicable. Long-term contract costs include the cost of direct materials, direct
labour and costs incurred in connection with the project. When it is probable that total contract costs will
exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately.
Progress claims not yet paid by the customer are included in the balance sheet under “Trade receivables”.
Amounts received before progress claims are included in the balance sheet, as a liability, as “Advance payments
from customers”.
iii. Properties Held for Sale
Properties held for sale are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Cost includes the cost of real estate purchased, construction cost, finance cost and other direct expenditure
and related overheads incurred during construction. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price
less the anticipated cost of disposal.
The carrying amounts are reviewed at each balance sheet date to assess whether they are recorded in excess of
their recoverable amounts, and if carrying values exceed these recoverable amounts, the assets are written down.
128 Delivering Essential Solutions Sembcorp Industries Annual Report 2008 129