Untitled - About the Philippines

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Understanding National Policies Chapter 3: Local level aquaculture management You need to send fish samples to a laboratory for testing An investor would like to set up fish cages in offshore waters (beyond municipal waters) You want to enhance traceability of cultured species You want post-harvest facilities in your LGU to comply to existing international standards Your cooperative would like to tap the export market and you would like to know the procedures Fish Health Management Section Fisheries Regulatory and Quarantine Division, Fishing Vessel Policy and Licensing Section, for permit Fisheries Post-Harvest Technology Division Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Division Fisheries Post-Harvest Technology Division Fish Health Management Section Fisheries Post-Harvest Technology Division One-Stop Export Documentation Center 10. What is a fish kill? Any unusual and noticeable increase of mortality due to infectious or non-infectious causes in wild or captive fish or shellfish population. Fig. 6. Depiction of thermal destratification 11. What are the common causes of fish kills? There are four major causes of fish kills: oxygen depletion, pollutant toxins, natural toxins, and disease. Oxygen depletion arises due to algal bloom, algal die-off, thermal de-stratification, or overstocking of fish with the latter being most common. Thermal destratification or overturn occurs during period of heavy rains which causes colder water from the upper layers to sink (it is heavier). Waters from the lower level which have less oxygen (especially when there is no aeration) then move up (see Fig. 6). 12. What are the usual sources of pollutants? External factors such as those from oil spills, effluents from agriculture and industry, and sulfur upwelling. A common cause of pollution in fish cages and pens, however, is selfpollution, which arises from overfeeding and is aggravated by high stocking densities that also cause disease. 13. Which national office is in charge of monitoring aquatic animal feeds? It is the BFAR Fish Health Section subject to a MOA with Animal Feeds Standards Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry. The functions of the BFAR Fish Health Section with respect to aquatic animal feeds include: (i) planning and directing national programs on feeds; (ii) registration, evaluation, and inspection of establishments engaged in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of aquatic animal feeds and drugs; (iii) dissemination of information and education the aquaculture industry on the need for aquatic feeds; and assist in the inspection and examination of shipment of aquatic animal feeds and veterinary drugs and products prior to release by Customs. 14. Where to go to have your fish samples analyzed? Fish samples may be analyzed by BFAR Fish Health Laboratories for which its locations and contact persons are listed in Appendix 2. FAO 220 provides a schedule of fees for specific types of services offered including the following: 47
Managing aquaculture and its impacts: a guidebook for local governments Conduct fish disease diagnoses; Conduct water quality analysis related to disease diagnosis, fish health problems and fish kill; Fish disease surveillance and reporting system; Provide technical support to the fish inspection and quarantine services; Conduct on-site visits to fish farms and places where there are fish health problems; Conduct fish kill investigations; and Provide technical support on quality control of animal feeds, veterinary drugs and chemicals in aquaculture. 15. Can the LGU declare a moratorium or ban specific aquaculture activities for particular areas or covering some months of the year? Yes, the both the Fisheries Code and the Local Government Code provides the LGUs enough powers to manage their local environments by way of legislation and enforcement. The Fisheries Code assigns full jurisdiction to cities and municipalities over their municipal waters. The municipal/city government, in consultation with the FARMC, shall be responsible for the management, conservation, development, protection, utilization, and disposition of all fish and fishery/aquatic resources within their respective municipal waters. The municipal/city government may, in consultation with the FARMC, enact appropriate ordinances for this purpose and in accordance with the National Fisheries Policy. Section 9 of the same law provides for the establishment of closed seasons by the concerned LGU in consultation with the FARMC for conservation or ecological purposes. The FARMCs may also recommend the establishment of closed seasons in municipal waters, fisheries management and other areas reserved for the use of municipal fisherfolk. Declaring a moratorium and/or banning specific aquaculture activities in a particular period or area, are consistent with provision of the Local Government Code in the maintenance of ecological balance (Sec 3(i)) and on the exclusive authority of municipalities to grant fishery privileges and impose appropriate payments for such. If the municipality can grant such fishery privileges, it may also elect not to do so. 16. What policies support the joint management of fishery areas? Both the Local Government Code (LGC) and the Fisheries Code (FC) provide for joint or cooperative undertakings among LGUs. Sec 3(f) of the LGC states that “LGUs may group themselves, consolidate or group their efforts, services, and resources for purposes commonly beneficial to them” while Section 33 reinforces this further by stating that such undertaking may be supported through an ordinance and the donation of assets, property and even personnel and be covered by a Memorandum of Agreement between and among the parties involved. Integrated management is a concept espoused by the Fisheries Code; as such, the management of contiguous fishery resources such as bays which straddle several municipalities, cities or provinces, shall be done jointly, and not be based on political subdivisions of municipal waters in order to facilitate their management as single resource systems. The LGUs which share or border such resources may group themselves and coordinate with each other to achieve the objectives of integrated fishery resource 48
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Untitled - About the Philippines

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