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Für meinen Vater, damit er noch viele schöne TEX-Graphiken erschaffen kann. Till Copyright 2007 by Till Tantau Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify the documentation under the terms of the gnu Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu Free Documentation License. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify the code of the package under the terms of the gnu Public License, Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu Public License. Permission is also granted to distribute and/or modify both the documentation and the code under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any later version. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled L A TEX Project Public License. 2
The <strong>TikZ</strong> and <strong>PGF</strong> Packages Manual for version 2.10-cvs http://sourceforge.net/projects/pgf Till Tantau ∗ Institut für Theoretische Informatik Universität zu Lübeck November 4, 2012 Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Structure of the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Comparison with Other Graphics Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Utility Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 How to Read This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5 Authors and Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.6 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I Tutorials and Guidelines 7 2 Tutorial: A Picture for Karl’s Students 8 2.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Setting up the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.1 Setting up the Environment in L A TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.2 Setting up the Environment in Plain TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.3 Setting up the Environment in ConTEXt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.3 Straight Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.4 Curved Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.5 Circle Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.6 Rectangle Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.7 Grid Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.8 Adding a Touch of Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.9 Drawing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.10 Arc Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.11 Clipping a Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.12 Parabola and Sine Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.13 Filling and Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.14 Shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.15 Specifying Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.16 Intersecting Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.17 Adding Arrow Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.18 Scoping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.19 Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.20 Repeating Things: For-Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.21 Adding Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ∗ Editor of this documentation. Parts of this documentation have been written by other authors as indicated in these parts or chapters and in Section 1.5. 3
Page 1: TikZ & & PGF TikZ PGF Manual for Ve
Page 5 and 6: 8 Installation 77 8.1 Package and D
Page 7 and 8: 14.11 The Sine and Cosine Operation
Page 9 and 10: 19 Making Trees Grow 249 19.1 Intro
Page 11 and 12: 31 Decoration Library 359 31.1 Over
Page 13 and 14: 48.4 Shadows for Special Paths and
Page 15 and 16: 61.5 Reference: Style Sheets for Li
Page 17 and 18: 75.6 Attributes . . . . . . . . . .
Page 19 and 20: 84 Matrices 789 84.1 Overview . . .
Page 21 and 22: 1 Introduction The pgf package, whe
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s ¯s 2 2 \begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
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4.1.2 The Line AB The first part of
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D A B \begin{tikzpicture} \coordina
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4.2 Book I, Proposition II The seco
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4.2.3 The Complete Code K H D C A B
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to 3mm, she will get exactly what s
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\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=5
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\begin{tikzpicture}[point/.style={c
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\tikz \graph [grow right sep] { uns
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6 Tutorial: A Lecture Map for Johan
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2. The standard computer-science-to
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Describing Complexity Fixed- Parame
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color for the whole branch and (b)
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Parallel Computation Solving Proble
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an interval for which the calendar
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\node [root concept] (Computational
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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• Decide on what the graphic shou
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seminar “very good,” nine consi
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• In a 3D-pie-chart the relative
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Part II Installation and Configurat
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8.2.2 MiKTeX For MiKTEX, use the up
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9.2.2 Terms and Conditions For Copy
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8. If the distribution and/or use o
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(a) If a component of this Derived
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License (gpl) was considered inappr
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Examples of suitable formats for Tr
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one entity. If the Document already
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10 Input and Output Formats TEX was
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This driver has the “complete”
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tikz/tex4ht node/css=〈filename〉
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11 Design Principles This section d
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oot left right child child \begin{t
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Next, the contents of the environme
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12.3 Using Scopes to Structure a Pi
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12.4 Using Graphic Options 12.4.1 H
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13 Specifying Coordinates 13.1 Over
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are checked, independently, whether
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content oriented ASCII DVI TEX L A
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The implicit way of specifying the
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tikz/cs/vertical line through={(〈
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intersections along the path specif
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13.5.2 The Syntax of Factors The
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\begin{tikzpicture} \draw [help lin
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tikz/every path (style, initially e
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\begin{tikzpicture} \draw[line widt
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tikz/at=〈coordinate〉 (no defaul
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\tikz[rotate=30] \draw[step=1mm] (0
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tikz/parabola height=〈dimension
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operation, these come first). The e
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tikz/execute at begin to=〈code〉
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scope. For example, if you apply a
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15.2 Specifying a Color The most un
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tikz/line cap=〈type〉 (no defaul
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tikz/densely dashdotdotted Shorthan
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tikz/double distance=〈dimension
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\begin{tikzpicture} \draw[pattern c
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\begin{tikzpicture}[path image/.sty
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\begin{tikzpicture} \draw[red] (0,0
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A fading (a term that I propose, fa
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Small Big \begin{tikzpicture} [ % D
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16 Nodes and Edges 16.1 Overview In
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tikz/every 〈shape 〉 node (style
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alias /tikz/minimum width Same as m
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You will have to lookup which parts
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appropriate value. While this key,
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16.4.4 Text Parameters: Height and
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〈offset〉 parameter, but using t
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This has the following effect: When
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The positioning package also introd
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For the arc operation, the position
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0.5 0 0.75 1 \tikz \draw (0,0) .. c
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s t \tikz [circle] { \node [draw] (
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q 0 \tikz \node [circle,fill=blue!5
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(We will discuss the optional apost
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2. You can also just use (x) as a c
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As described in Section 16.10.4, th
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\begin{tikzpicture}[remember pictur
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17 Specifying Graphs 17.1 Overview
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oot child 1 child 2 grand child 1 g
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The library graphs.standard defines
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out 1 out 5 in in 2 in in out in ou
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[〈options〉] -!- [〈options〉]
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slashes, dashes, and more (but spac
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tikz/graphs/typeset=〈code〉 (no
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tikz/set=〈set name〉 (no default
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tikz/graphs/simple (no value) In co
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is really worthwhile being able to
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17.5.4 Special Syntax for Options F
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tikz/graphs/not 〈color class name
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tikz/graphs/-!- Sets the default ed
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target vertices since just grouping
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\newcount\mycount \tikzgraphsset{ l
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Now, even though we talk about “w
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9 8 7 % Directions can be changed \
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tikz/graphs/branch up sep=〈distan
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1 \tikz \graph [clockwise] { subgra
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a 0 0 b 0 1.0 c 0 2.0 k 0 4.0 d 1.0
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17.9 Reference: Predefined Elements
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tikz/graphs/wrap after=〈number〉
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f a b \tikz \graph [color class=red
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18 Matrices and Alignment 18.1 Over
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Hallo X g \begin{tikzpicture}[every
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8 11mm 1 6 3 5 7 4 9 2 10mm 10mm 8
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8 1 - 3 - 7 - - 2 \begin{tikzpictur
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,->,sh
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\begin{tikzpicture} [auto, decision
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When you write node {root} child[\p
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3. Options for all children can be
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oot \begin{tikzpicture} [level 1/.s
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tikz/missing=〈true or false〉 (d
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The edge to parent operation and th
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20 Plots of Functions 20.1 When Sho
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Since this case is quite common whe
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f(x) f(x) = x f(x) = 1 20 ex x f(x)
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\tikz \draw plot[mark=x,mark indice
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tikz/const plot mark right A varian
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The use of bar width and bar shift
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tikz/very nearly transparent (style
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tikz/name={〈name〉} (no default)
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\begin{tikzpicture}[path fading=fad
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\begin{tikzpicture}[opacity=.5] \dr
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1. The just-mentioned path morphing
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depend on the decoration, you will
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A negative 〈dimension〉 will off
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23 Transformations pgf has a powerf
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grids? (It does.) And what about th
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tikz/rotate=〈degree〉 Rotates th
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Part IV Graph Drawing by Till Tanta
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24 Arrow Tip Library \usepgflibrary
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spaced o yields thick and thin spac
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25.2 States With and Without Output
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tikz/intial distance=〈distance〉
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26 Background Library \usetikzlibra
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tikz/show background top (style, no
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28 Calendar Library \usetikzlibrary
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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28.1.4 Creating a Month List Arrang
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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28 29 30 31 February 1 2 3 \tikz \c
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29 30 28 27 26 25 29 3031 28 27 26
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01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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A B C 0 1 2 D \begin{tikzpicture}[s
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Hello World , this is \begin{tikzpi
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• The 〈fork node〉 is automati
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3Ω 1Ω 1Ω 3Ω S 1 ι 4Ω 4Ω 3Ω
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tikz/circuits (no value) This key s
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7. The marking decoration will also
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3Ω 4Ω \begin{tikzpicture}[circuit
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• You can selectively change the
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As explained in Section 30.2.6, for
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Key Appearance inside Appearance in
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pgf/logic gate anchors use bounding
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Set the symbol for the not gate. In
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\usetikzlibrary{circuit.ee.IEC} % L
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3. You can use info labels like ohm
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\usetikzlibrary[shapes.gates.ee] %
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the point (1pt, 0pt) lies at the ri
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\begin{tikzpicture} \node[name=s,sh
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Shape break contact IEC This shape
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This is a hint to the decoration co
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Decoration bumps This decoration re
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• angle determines the opening an
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\tikzset{ show curve controls/.styl
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1cm from end 1cm mid \begin{tikzpic
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pgf/decoration/mark connection node
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Species Result gnome human bird fel
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travel along the to-be-decorated pa
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aSome long text alon g /pgf/decorat
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e /pgf/decoration/text align/center
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32 Entity-Relationship Diagram Draw
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33 Externalization Library by Chris
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tikz/external/system call={〈templ
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pdflatex -shell-escape main /tikz/e
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\begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture
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A mixture is graphics if exists, it
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{ \pgfkeys{/pgf/images/include exte
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\tikzset{ % Defines a custom style
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34 Fading Library \usepgflibrary{fa
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ox \begin{tikzpicture}[inner sep=0p
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36 Fixed Point Arithmetic Library \
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37 Floating Point Unit Library by C
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\pgfmathfloatparsenumber{0} \pgfmat
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It’s not zero!It’s positive!It
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\pgfmathfloattoextentedprecision{
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38 Lindenmayer System Drawing Libra
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Randomizes the value in \pgflsystem
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\tikz[rotate=65]\draw [green!60!bla
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3. If your cell starts with a \path
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⎛ ⎜ ⎝ a 8 a 1 a 6 a 3 a 5 a 7
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Root concept Child concept \tikz[la
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\tikz [root concept/.append style={
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child Root concept child child \beg
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Note that it is not a good idea to
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Root concept The root concept is, i
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\begin{tikzpicture}[every cut/.styl
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\sffamily\scriptsize \begin{tikzpic
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43 Petri-Net Drawing Library \useti
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p 2 1 2 2 1 \begin{tikzpicture} \no
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\begin{tikzpicture}[yscale=-1.6,xsc
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x y z \begin{tikzpicture} \draw[gra
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\pgfplothandlerycomb This handler c
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In more detail, if (x i , y i ) and
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example, if you provide the list 1,
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45 Plot Mark Library \usepgflibrary
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46 Profiler Library by Christian Fe
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\pgfprofilenewforenvironment[〈pro
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tikz/ball color=〈color〉 (no def
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48 Shadows Library \usepgflibrary{s
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Furthermore, the options fill=〈fi
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49 Shape Library 49.1 Overview In a
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(s.north) (s.130) (s.north west) (s
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height width \begin{tikzpicture}[>=
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\begin{tikzpicture} \foreach \a in
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The pgf keys to set the number of s
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(s.left corner) (s.north west) (s.1
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tip angle dart tail angle \begin{ti
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(s.arc start) (s.north west) (s.nor
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\Huge \begin{tikzpicture} \node[nam
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(s.puff 2) (s.puff 1) (s.north) (s.
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\Huge \begin{tikzpicture} \node[nam
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take opposite bend styles, but the
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(s.before tip) (s.north east) (s.af
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A B \begin{tikzpicture} \node[arrow
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\Huge \begin{tikzpicture} \node[sha
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(s.north) (s.130) (s.north west) (s
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will be met, but any minimum width
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(s.north west) (s.north) (s.70) (s.
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The anchors for this shape are show
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Sets the size of the last ellipse i
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pgf/rounded rectangle arc length=
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(s.before north west) (s.north) (s.
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2. Alternatively, you specify the s
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must then use keys like minimum siz
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\begin{tikzpicture} [spy scope={mag
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52 To Path Library \usetikzlibrary{
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\begin{tikzpicture} \foreach \angle
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tikz/every loop This style is insta
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54 Tree Library \usetikzlibrary{tre
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54.2 Edges From Parent The followin
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tikz/turtle/left=〈angle〉 (defau
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56 Introduction to Data Visualizati
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57 Creating Data Visualizations 57.
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2 1.5 1 0.5 0 −1 0 1 \begin{tikzp
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Second, you use an option to select
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• data group [〈options〉] {〈
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tikz/data visualization/at start su
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58 Providing Data for a Data Visual
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in the list. Indeed, the \foreach s
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58.5 Advanced: The Data Parsing Pro
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58.6 Advanced: Defining New Formats
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59 Axes 59.1 Overview When a data p
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59.2.3 The Axis Attribute Range Int
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kind of transformation: For example
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30 \tikz \datavisualization [scient
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As an example, suppose that you hav
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• The x-values are surveyed and t
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cos d 1.0000 0.9975 0.9950 0.9925 0
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\begin{tikzpicture} \datavisualizat
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\tikz \datavisualization [scientifi
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Linear steps. Let us start with lin
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10 7.5 5 2.5 0 about= 5 20 15 10 5
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It is often a bit cumbersome that o
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4. locally specified options for th
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tikz/data visualization/every ticks
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tikz/data visualization/tick suffix
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ticks={major at={1,2,3,4}, major at
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tikz/data visualization/axis option
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\tikz \datavisualization data group
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By default, low=min and high=max ar
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the visualize grid command twice, o
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always be a short straight line - e
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59.5.5 Visualizing the Axis Labels
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\tikz \datavisualization [ our syst
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Methods for styling visualizers are
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1 \tikz \datavisualization [scienti
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data point/outlier=〈value〉 (def
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60.4 Advanced: Creating New Visuali
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2.5 \tikz \datavisualization [ scie
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2 1 \tikz \datavisualization [ scho
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As an example, suppose we wish to c
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61.4.3 Creating a New Color Style S
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This style alternates between varyi
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0.15 1 \tikz \datavisualization [ s
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2 x 2 1 x/2 e x −2 −1 0 1 2 −
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3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2x x 2 x 3 0 0.
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tikz/data visualization/legend=〈o
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tikz/data visualization/legend opti
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2 1 0 −1 log x x/2 −2 −1 0 1
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tikz/data visualization/legend entr
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As indicated earlier, the new legen
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This key is similar to label in leg
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tikz/data visualization/legend entr
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Part VII Utilities by Till Tantau T
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There are numerous handlers for def
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1. A command is executed whose argu
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’foo’ bar \pgfkeys{ /handlers/f
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63.3.4 Keys That Store Values Let u
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You can set up unknown key handlers
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\pgfkeys{/par indent/.code={\parind
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Key handler 〈key〉/.estyle args=
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\pgfkeys{/line cap/.is choice} \pgf
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\pgfkeys{/path/.unknown/.code={% \i
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63.6 Key Filtering An extension by
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Key handler 〈key〉/.install key
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\pgfqkeysactivatefamiliesandfiltero
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〈3 〉 The key is handled (for ex
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Normally, when a list item ... is e
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10 11 12 1 2 9 3 8 7 6 5 4 \begin{t
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65 Date and Calendar Utility Macros
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• at most=〈reference〉 as abov
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\pgfcalendar{cal}{2007-01-20}{2007-
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66 Page Management This section des
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• physical paper height=〈size
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At some point, enough logical pages
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• border shrink=〈size〉 specif
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68 Parser Module \usepgfmodule{pars
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69 Design Principles pgf needs to p
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\pgfmathpostparse At the end of the
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{x} (array operators) These operato
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pow(x,y) \pgfmathpow{x}{y} Raises x
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\pgfmathfrac{x} Returns the fractio
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acos(x) \pgfmathacos{x} Arccosine o
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\pgfmathrandom{x,y} This function t
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depth("x") \pgfmathdepth{"x"} Retur
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\pgfmathsetseed{〈integer〉} Expl
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For functions with more than nine a
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See section 74.1 for how to change
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pgf/number format/fixed relative (n
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If you still experience stability p
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pgf/number format/use comma (no val
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pgf/number format/verbatim (style,
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This command defines a class named
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\pgfooclass{stamp}{ % This is the c
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75.7 Identities Every object has a
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75.9 Implementation Notes For the c
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76 Design Principles This section d
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77 Hierarchical Structures: Package
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77.2.2 The Modules \usepgflibrary{
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〈environment contents〉 \endpgfp
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An example application of this envi
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pgf/text/bottom This key causes the
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\pgfsetxvec{〈point〉} Sets that
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\pgfpointdiff{〈start〉}{〈end
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\begin{tikzpicture} \draw[help line
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\pgfintersectionsortbysecondpath Us
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79 Constructing Paths 79.1 Overview
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typically be quite a bit too large.
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\pgfpatharcto{〈x-radius〉}{〈y-
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79.7 Rectangle Path Operations Anot
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\pgf@picminx The minimum x-coordina
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• The output path refers to the p
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\pgfdeclaredecoration{example}{init
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\pgfdecoratedinputsegmentlength The
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contents〉 until the 〈length〉
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\endpgfdecoration The plain-TEX ver
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\pgfmetadecoratedcompleteddistance
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81 Using Paths 81.1 Overview Once a
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Use \pgfsetdash{}{0pt} to get a sol
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when such “double lines” are pr
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82 Arrow Tips 82.1 Overview 82.1.1
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• Inside the code, you may not us
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The following example shows how thi
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\pgfarrowsdeclarecombine*[〈offset
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83 Nodes and Shapes This section de
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anchored, but you do not wish the s
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pgf/outer ysep=〈dimension〉 alia
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Hello World! \begin{pgfpicture} \pg
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pgf/local bounding box=〈node name
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The net effect of the 〈code〉 sh
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\makeatletter \def\foo{foo} \pgfdec
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The following example shows how a s
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Specifying the cells and rows. spec
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• You can now use the optional ar
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85 Coordinate and Canvas Transforma
Page 813 and 814:
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\pgftransformarcaxesattime{〈time
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Unlike the coordinate transformatio
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86 Patterns 86.1 Overview There are
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\pgfdeclarepatterninherentlycolored
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\pgfdeclareimage[interpolate=true,h
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%% Draw a large colorful background
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% In file main.tex: ... As we see i
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As a final remark, note that the ba
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% This is the file survey.tex \docu
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89 Creating Plots This section desc
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\begin{tikzpicture}[y=3cm/360] \pgf
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90 Layered Graphics 90.1 Overview p
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91 Shadings 91.1 Overview A shading
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Conceptually, the function will be
Page 843 and 844:
also scaled such that the shading
Page 845 and 846:
As a final example, let us define a
Page 847 and 848:
\pgfdeclarefading{〈name〉}{〈co
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\begin{pgftransparencygroup} 〈env
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Internal openin handle \r@pgf@reada
Page 853 and 854:
Page 855 and 856:
Part X The System Layer by Till Tan
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96 Commands of the System Layer 96.
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96.3 Canvas Transformation System C
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\pgfsys@miterjoin Sets the join to
Page 863 and 864:
\pgfsys@color@reset@inordertrue Set
Page 865 and 866:
\pgfsys@functionalshading{〈name
Page 867 and 868:
• a \pgfpoint... command. The fir
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\pgfsyssoftpath@getcurrentpath{〈m
Page 871 and 872:
98 The Protocol Subsystem This sect
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Index This index only contains auto
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label key, 180 label distance key,
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’, 177 >, 144 above, 169, 170 abo
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matrix anchor, 243 mid left, 174 mi
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