Serviceability limit state - Eurocodes
Serviceability limit state - Eurocodes
Serviceability limit state - Eurocodes
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Modular ratios taking into account<br />
effects of creep<br />
G. Hanswille<br />
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing.<br />
Institute for Steel and<br />
Composite Structures<br />
University of Wuppertal-Germany<br />
centroidal axis of the concrete section<br />
z is,L<br />
a st<br />
z st<br />
-z ic,L<br />
z ist,L<br />
z c<br />
z i,L<br />
centroidal axis of the transformed<br />
composite section<br />
centroidal axis of the steel section<br />
(structural steel and reinforcement)<br />
Modular ratios:<br />
E<br />
n L = no[ 1+ ψL<br />
ϕ(t,t<br />
o ) ] no<br />
=<br />
E<br />
a<br />
cm<br />
action<br />
creep multiplier<br />
short term loading Ψ=0<br />
permanent action not changing in time Ψ P<br />
=1,10<br />
shrinkage Ψ S<br />
=0,55<br />
prestressing by controlled imposed deformations Ψ D<br />
=1,50<br />
time-dependent action effects Ψ PT<br />
=0,55<br />
11
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