Common Country Assessment (CCA) - ECSS | Eritrean Center for ...
Common Country Assessment (CCA) - ECSS | Eritrean Center for ...
Common Country Assessment (CCA) - ECSS | Eritrean Center for ...
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Annex 2: Causality Analysis ( continued)<br />
Thematic Area Manifestation Immediate causes Underlying causes Root causes National priority<br />
• Shortfalls in<br />
domestic food<br />
production<br />
• Inadequate level<br />
of commercial<br />
food imports<br />
• Malnutrition<br />
• Low productivity<br />
• Low use of arable<br />
land<br />
• Inadequate<br />
infrastructure,<br />
machinery, inputs<br />
• Population<br />
displacement/<br />
dislocation<br />
• Low participation<br />
of private sector<br />
• Foreign exchange<br />
constraints<br />
• High household<br />
dependency ratio<br />
• Insufficient<br />
access to food<br />
• Insufficient<br />
availability of food<br />
• Food price<br />
inflation<br />
• Subsistence farming<br />
• Low yielding crop varieties<br />
• Loss of grazing areas<br />
• Inadequate management of<br />
fish/livestock sectors<br />
• De<strong>for</strong>estation<br />
• Landmine infestation<br />
• Fragmented land ownership<br />
• Inadequate land use planning<br />
• Labour shortage<br />
• Budgetary constraints<br />
• War effects<br />
• Insufficient issuance of import<br />
licenses<br />
• Low income levels (esp. urban<br />
FHHs, etc)<br />
• Inadequate diversification of<br />
opportunities <strong>for</strong> sustainable<br />
livelihoods (agric/fisheries)<br />
• Low female employment rate<br />
• Insufficient access to household<br />
credit/loans<br />
• Under-utilization of RH services<br />
• Rural-urban migration<br />
• Inadequate food production (incl.<br />
fish/ livestock)<br />
• Drought/erratic<br />
rainfall patterns/<br />
rain-fed<br />
cultivation<br />
• Stalled border<br />
demarcation<br />
• Budgetary<br />
constraints<br />
• Budget<br />
constraints<br />
• Drought/erratic<br />
rainfall<br />
pattern/rain-fed<br />
cultivation<br />
• Productivity (soil, water<br />
conservation)<br />
• Irrigation<br />
• Fertilizer<br />
• Pesticides policies,<br />
strategies, laws<br />
• Population resettlement<br />
(4R's)<br />
• Demining<br />
• Integrated food<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation system<br />
• Food security strategy<br />
implementation<br />
• Female inclusive<br />
sustainable<br />
livelihoods/income<br />
generation activities esp.<br />
<strong>for</strong> vulnerable<br />
populations<br />
• Gender-disaggregated<br />
labour <strong>for</strong>ce participation<br />
statistics<br />
CAPACITY GAPS<br />
Duty Bearers: 1) Public sector: PME (demining, land tenure, water/soil management, appropriate technology, availability of labour, social safety nets, data coll<br />
resource mobilization, skills development. 2) Community leaders: awareness raising, PME, community mobilization. 3) Family: improved agricultural, water/so<br />
Rights Holders: 1) Public sector: in<strong>for</strong>mation, skills development, technical expertise. 2) Community leaders: in<strong>for</strong>mation and training, participation in PME.<br />
PME, access to technology without gender bias; care/protection <strong>for</strong> the vulnerable.
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