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vi CONTENTS 11.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 12 Writing Large Programs 197 12.1 Abstract Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 12.2 Design Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 12.2.1 Singleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 12.2.2 Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 12.2.3 Chain of responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 12.2.4 Visitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 12.3 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 12.3.1 The package declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 12.3.2 The import declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 12.3.3 Explicit package references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 12.3.4 Name conflicts and name mangling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 12.3.5 Compilation order and the unidep tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 12.4 HTML documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 12.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 13 Use Cases and Supplemental UML Diagrams 209 13.1 Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 13.1.1 Use case diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 13.1.2 Use case descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 13.2 Statechart Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 13.2.1 Events and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 13.2.2 Actions and activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 13.3 Collaboration Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 13.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 III Example Applications 217 14 CGI Scripts 219 14.1 Introduction to CGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 14.1.1 Organization of a CGI script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 14.1.2 Processing input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 14.1.3 Processing output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 14.1.4 Common CGI environment variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 14.2 The CGI Execution Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 14.3 An Example HTML Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 14.4 An Example CGI Script: Echoing the User’s Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 14.5 Debugging CGI Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
CONTENTS vii 14.6 Appform: An Online Scholarship Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 15 System and Administration Tools 229 15.1 Searching for Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 15.2 Finding Duplicate Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 15.3 User File Quotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 15.3.1 Calculating disk usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 15.3.2 Sending mail messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 15.3.3 The quota database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 15.4 Capturing a Shell Command Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 15.5 Filesystem Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 15.6 Filtering Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 15.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 16 Internet Programs 255 16.1 The Client-Server Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 16.2 An Internet Scorecard Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 16.2.1 The scorecard client procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 16.2.2 The Scorecard server program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 16.3 A Simple “Talk” Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 16.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 17 Genetic Algorithms 267 17.1 What are Genetic Algorithms? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 17.2 GA Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 17.2.1 Fitness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 17.2.2 Crossover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 17.2.3 Mutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 17.3 The GA Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 17.4 ga_eng: a Genetic Algorithm Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 17.4.1 The fitness function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 17.4.2 Methods and attributes of class ga_eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 17.4.3 A Closer Look at the evolve() method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 17.4.4 Using ga_eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 17.4.5 Log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 17.5 Color Breeder: a GA Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 17.5.1 Breeding textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 17.6 Picking Colors for Text Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
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Page 6 and 7: ii CONTENTS 3 String Processing 41
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Page 20 and 21: 4 PREFACE TO THE 2 ND EDITION syste
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Programs and Expressions
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Page 31 and 32: 1.5. STRINGS AND CSETS 15 local i,
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Page 35 and 36: 1.8. GENERATORS 19 can produce all
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Page 39 and 40: 1.10. PROCEDURES 23 you call a proc
Page 41 and 42: 1.10. PROCEDURES 25 that aren’t h
Page 43 and 44: 1.10. PROCEDURES 27 Now move the n-
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Page 47 and 48: 2.2. LISTS 31 inserts a value into
Page 49 and 50: 2.4. SETS 33 record complex(re, im)
Page 51 and 52: 2.5. USING STRUCTURES 35 default: r
Page 53 and 54: 2.5. USING STRUCTURES 37 The progra
Page 55 and 56: 2.6. SUMMARY 39 For assignment, ins
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Page 59 and 60: 3.3. CHARACTER ESCAPES 43 if cset(s
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3.4. STRING SCANNING 45 moves the p
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3.4. STRING SCANNING 47 3.4.3 Conco
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3.6. GRAMMARS 49 end procedure re_s
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3.6. GRAMMARS 51 E -> T | T + E T -
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Chapter 4 Advanced Language Feature
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4.3. CO-EXPRESSIONS 55 4.3 Co-expre
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4.5. PARALLEL EVALUATION 57 4.5 Par
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4.7. PERMUTATIONS 59 C2 := create p
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4.8. SIMULATION 61 4.8 Simulation A
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4.8. SIMULATION 63 WAttrib("drawop=
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Chapter 5 The System Interface The
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5.2. FILES AND DIRECTORIES 67 of fi
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5.3. PROGRAMS AND PROCESS CONTROL 6
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5.3. PROGRAMS AND PROCESS CONTROL 7
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5.4. NETWORKING 73 while *(L := sel
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5.4. NETWORKING 75 close(f) } (&err
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5.5. MESSAGING FACILITIES 77 The re
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5.6. TASKS 79 procedure main(argv)
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5.6. TASKS 81 and stack memory area
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5.6. TASKS 83 For example, the vari
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5.7. SUMMARY 85 Note that a module
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Chapter 6 Databases Databases are t
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6.3. DBM DATABASES 89 two kinds of
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6.4. SQL DATABASES 91 by the fact t
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6.4. SQL DATABASES 93 6.4.3 Opening
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6.5. TIPS AND TRICKS FOR SQL DATABA
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6.6. SUMMARY 97 6.5.4 The db librar
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Chapter 7 Graphics Unicon provides
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 101 to the right a
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 103 Name Type / Ex
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 105 Table 7-4 Wind
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 107 a hue with an
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 109 The image widt
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 111 ="," | stop("b
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 113 access to seve
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 115 Many scenes ar
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 117 manipulated at
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 119 A programmer s
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 121 Torus The x an
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 123 specular blue-
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 125 The next examp
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 127 A Larger Textu
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 129 In order to ap
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Chapter 8 Threads Threads are build
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8.2. FIRST LOOK AT UNICON THREADS 1
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8.2. FIRST LOOK AT UNICON THREADS 1
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 137 ord
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 139 A m
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 141 Not
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 143 pro
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 145 pra
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 147 Furth
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 149 the s
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 151 8.4.4
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 153 with
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Chapter 9 Execution Monitoring Unic
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 157 strin
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 159 Figur
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 161 Figur
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9.2. OBTAINING EVENTS USING EVINIT
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9.3. INSTRUMENTATION IN THE ICON IN
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9.4. ARTIFICIAL EVENTS 167 account.
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9.5. MONITORING TECHNIQUES 169 whil
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Part II Object-oriented Software De
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174 CHAPTER 10. OBJECTS AND CLASSES
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186 CHAPTER 11. INHERITANCE AND ASS
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198 CHAPTER 12. WRITING LARGE PROGR
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210 CHAPTER 13. USE CASES AND SUPPL
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Chapter 14 CGI Scripts CGI scripts
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14.1. INTRODUCTION TO CGI 221 14.1.
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14.3. AN EXAMPLE HTML FORM 223 The
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14.4. AN EXAMPLE CGI SCRIPT: ECHOIN
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14.6. APPFORM: AN ONLINE SCHOLARSHI
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Chapter 15 System and Administratio
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 231 w
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 233 N
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 235 p
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 237 end } }
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 239 daysover
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 241 dir := t
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15.4. CAPTURING A SHELL COMMAND SES
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15.5. FILESYSTEM BACKUPS 245 # # ba
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15.5. FILESYSTEM BACKUPS 247 d := "
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15.6. FILTERING EMAIL 249 # Make su
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15.6. FILTERING EMAIL 251 # Read th
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15.7. SUMMARY 253 local server, use
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Chapter 16 Internet Programs The In
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16.2. AN INTERNET SCORECARD SERVER
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16.3. A SIMPLE “TALK” PROGRAM 2
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16.4. SUMMARY 265 and so forth. At
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Chapter 17 Genetic Algorithms The p
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17.2. GA OPERATIONS 269 population
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17.3. THE GA PROCESS 271 a := ?(lch
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17.4. GA_ENG: A GENETIC ALGORITHM E
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17.4. GA_ENG: A GENETIC ALGORITHM E
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17.5. COLOR BREEDER: A GA APPLICATI
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17.5. COLOR BREEDER: A GA APPLICATI
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17.6. PICKING COLORS FOR TEXT DISPL
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Chapter 18 Object-oriented User Int
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18.2. POSITIONING OBJECTS 285 indic
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18.3. A MORE COMPLEX DIALOG EXAMPLE
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18.5. CONTAINERS 293 ent components
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18.5. CONTAINERS 295 connect(self,
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18.6. MENU STRUCTURES 297 menu_bar
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18.6. MENU STRUCTURES 299 # checkbo
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18.7. TREES 301 Figure 18-5: Explor
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18.7. TREES 303 } end # # Given a N
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 305 the GUI
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 307 bar_y :
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 309 Figure
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 311 method
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 313 Listing
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 315 # metho
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 317 menu_ba
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 319 is co-e
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 321 end met
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 323 W
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 325 }
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 327 #
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 329 e
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18.11. PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES 331 m
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18.12. IVIB 333 class AnotherDialog
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18.12. IVIB 335 Figure 18-12 Button
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18.12. IVIB 337 object to the dialo
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18.12. IVIB 339 Attribs This works
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18.13. SUMMARY 341 Undo and Redo Th
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Part IV Appendices 343
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346 APPENDIX A. LANGUAGE REFERENCE
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396 APPENDIX B. THE ICON PROGRAM LI
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470 APPENDIX C. THE UNICON COMPONEN
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484 APPENDIX D. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
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486 APPENDIX E. PORTABILITY CONSIDE
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492 BIBLIOGRAPHY [Gris96] Ralph E.
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494 INDEX bounded experssions, 19 b
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496 INDEX elapsed time, 352 else, 3
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498 INDEX image(), 75 image(x), 369
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500 INDEX mutual evaluation, 361 My
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502 INDEX loaded program, 81 progra
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504 INDEX conversion, 166 type conv
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