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viii CONTENTS 18 Object-oriented User Interfaces 283 18.1 A Simple Dialog Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 18.2 Positioning Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 18.3 A More Complex Dialog Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 18.4 More About Event Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 18.5 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 18.5.1 TabSet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 18.5.2 OverlaySet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 18.6 Menu Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 18.7 Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 18.8 Other Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 18.8.1 Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 18.8.2 Images and icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 18.8.3 Scroll bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 18.9 Custom Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 18.9.1 Creating new components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 18.9.2 Customized menu components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 18.9.3 Tickers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 18.10Advanced List Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 18.10.1 Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 18.10.2 Popups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 18.10.3 Drag and drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 18.11Programming Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 18.11.1 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 18.12ivib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 18.12.1 Moving, selecting and resizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 18.12.2 Dialog configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 18.12.3 Component configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 18.12.4 Component details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 18.12.5 Other editing functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 18.13Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 IV Appendices 343 A Language Reference 345 A.1 Immutable Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 A.1.1 Integer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 A.1.2 Real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 A.1.3 String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 A.1.4 Cset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
CONTENTS ix A.2 Mutable Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 A.2.1 List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 A.2.2 Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 A.2.3 Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 A.2.4 Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 A.2.5 Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 A.2.6 File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 A.3 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 A.3.1 Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 A.3.2 Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 A.3.3 Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 A.3.4 Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 A.4 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 A.4.1 Graphics keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 A.5 Control Structures and Reserved Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 A.6 Operators and Built-in Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 A.6.1 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 A.6.2 Unary operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 A.6.3 Binary operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 A.6.4 Built-in functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 A.6.5 Graphics functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 A.7 Preprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 A.7.1 Preprocessor commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 A.7.2 Predefined symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 A.8 Execution Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 A.8.1 Runtime errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 A.8.2 System errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 B The Icon Program Library 395 B.1 Procedure Library Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 B.2 Application Programs, Examples, and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 B.3 Selected IPL Authors and Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 C The <strong>Unicon</strong> Component Library 469 C.1 GUI Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 D Differences between Icon and <strong>Unicon</strong> 483 D.1 Extensions to Functions and Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 D.2 Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 D.3 System Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 D.4 Database Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
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3.4. STRING SCANNING 47 3.4.3 Conco
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3.6. GRAMMARS 49 end procedure re_s
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3.6. GRAMMARS 51 E -> T | T + E T -
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Chapter 4 Advanced Language Feature
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4.3. CO-EXPRESSIONS 55 4.3 Co-expre
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4.5. PARALLEL EVALUATION 57 4.5 Par
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4.7. PERMUTATIONS 59 C2 := create p
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4.8. SIMULATION 61 4.8 Simulation A
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4.8. SIMULATION 63 WAttrib("drawop=
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Chapter 5 The System Interface The
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5.2. FILES AND DIRECTORIES 67 of fi
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5.3. PROGRAMS AND PROCESS CONTROL 6
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5.3. PROGRAMS AND PROCESS CONTROL 7
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5.4. NETWORKING 73 while *(L := sel
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5.4. NETWORKING 75 close(f) } (&err
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5.5. MESSAGING FACILITIES 77 The re
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5.6. TASKS 79 procedure main(argv)
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5.6. TASKS 81 and stack memory area
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5.6. TASKS 83 For example, the vari
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5.7. SUMMARY 85 Note that a module
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Chapter 6 Databases Databases are t
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6.3. DBM DATABASES 89 two kinds of
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6.4. SQL DATABASES 91 by the fact t
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6.4. SQL DATABASES 93 6.4.3 Opening
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6.5. TIPS AND TRICKS FOR SQL DATABA
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6.6. SUMMARY 97 6.5.4 The db librar
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Chapter 7 Graphics Unicon provides
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 101 to the right a
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 103 Name Type / Ex
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 105 Table 7-4 Wind
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 107 a hue with an
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 109 The image widt
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 111 ="," | stop("b
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 113 access to seve
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 115 Many scenes ar
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 117 manipulated at
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 119 A programmer s
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 121 Torus The x an
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 123 specular blue-
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 125 The next examp
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 127 A Larger Textu
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 129 In order to ap
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Chapter 8 Threads Threads are build
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8.2. FIRST LOOK AT UNICON THREADS 1
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8.2. FIRST LOOK AT UNICON THREADS 1
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 137 ord
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 139 A m
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 141 Not
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 143 pro
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 145 pra
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 147 Furth
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 149 the s
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 151 8.4.4
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 153 with
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Chapter 9 Execution Monitoring Unic
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 157 strin
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 159 Figur
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 161 Figur
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9.2. OBTAINING EVENTS USING EVINIT
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9.3. INSTRUMENTATION IN THE ICON IN
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9.4. ARTIFICIAL EVENTS 167 account.
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9.5. MONITORING TECHNIQUES 169 whil
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Part II Object-oriented Software De
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174 CHAPTER 10. OBJECTS AND CLASSES
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186 CHAPTER 11. INHERITANCE AND ASS
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198 CHAPTER 12. WRITING LARGE PROGR
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210 CHAPTER 13. USE CASES AND SUPPL
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Chapter 14 CGI Scripts CGI scripts
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14.1. INTRODUCTION TO CGI 221 14.1.
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14.3. AN EXAMPLE HTML FORM 223 The
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14.4. AN EXAMPLE CGI SCRIPT: ECHOIN
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14.6. APPFORM: AN ONLINE SCHOLARSHI
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Chapter 15 System and Administratio
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 231 w
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 233 N
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 235 p
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 237 end } }
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 239 daysover
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 241 dir := t
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15.4. CAPTURING A SHELL COMMAND SES
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15.5. FILESYSTEM BACKUPS 245 # # ba
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15.5. FILESYSTEM BACKUPS 247 d := "
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15.6. FILTERING EMAIL 249 # Make su
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15.6. FILTERING EMAIL 251 # Read th
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15.7. SUMMARY 253 local server, use
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Chapter 16 Internet Programs The In
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16.2. AN INTERNET SCORECARD SERVER
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16.3. A SIMPLE “TALK” PROGRAM 2
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16.4. SUMMARY 265 and so forth. At
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Chapter 17 Genetic Algorithms The p
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17.2. GA OPERATIONS 269 population
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17.3. THE GA PROCESS 271 a := ?(lch
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17.4. GA_ENG: A GENETIC ALGORITHM E
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17.4. GA_ENG: A GENETIC ALGORITHM E
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17.5. COLOR BREEDER: A GA APPLICATI
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17.5. COLOR BREEDER: A GA APPLICATI
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17.6. PICKING COLORS FOR TEXT DISPL
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Chapter 18 Object-oriented User Int
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18.2. POSITIONING OBJECTS 285 indic
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18.3. A MORE COMPLEX DIALOG EXAMPLE
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18.5. CONTAINERS 293 ent components
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18.5. CONTAINERS 295 connect(self,
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18.6. MENU STRUCTURES 297 menu_bar
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18.6. MENU STRUCTURES 299 # checkbo
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18.7. TREES 301 Figure 18-5: Explor
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18.7. TREES 303 } end # # Given a N
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 305 the GUI
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 307 bar_y :
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 309 Figure
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 311 method
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 313 Listing
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 315 # metho
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 317 menu_ba
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 319 is co-e
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 321 end met
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 323 W
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 325 }
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 327 #
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 329 e
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18.11. PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES 331 m
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18.12. IVIB 333 class AnotherDialog
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18.12. IVIB 335 Figure 18-12 Button
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18.12. IVIB 337 object to the dialo
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18.12. IVIB 339 Attribs This works
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18.13. SUMMARY 341 Undo and Redo Th
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Part IV Appendices 343
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346 APPENDIX A. LANGUAGE REFERENCE
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396 APPENDIX B. THE ICON PROGRAM LI
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470 APPENDIX C. THE UNICON COMPONEN
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484 APPENDIX D. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
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486 APPENDIX E. PORTABILITY CONSIDE
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492 BIBLIOGRAPHY [Gris96] Ralph E.
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494 INDEX bounded experssions, 19 b
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496 INDEX elapsed time, 352 else, 3
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498 INDEX image(), 75 image(x), 369
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500 INDEX mutual evaluation, 361 My
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502 INDEX loaded program, 81 progra
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504 INDEX conversion, 166 type conv
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