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Copyright c○1999-2013 Clinton Jeffery, Shamim Mohamed, Jafar Al Gharaibeh, Ray Pereda, and Robert Parlett Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. This is a draft manuscript dated 5/6/2013. Send comments and errata to jeffery@cs.uidaho.edu. This document was prepared using L A TEX.
Contents Preface to the 2 nd Edition xi I Core <strong>Unicon</strong> 5 1 Programs and Expressions 7 1.1 Your First <strong>Unicon</strong> Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2 Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3 Expressions and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.4 Numeric Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.5 Strings and Csets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.6 Goal-directed Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.7 Fallible Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.8 Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.9 Iteration and Control Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.10 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.10.1 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.10.2 Variables and scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.10.3 Writing your own generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.10.4 Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2 Structures 29 2.1 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.2 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3 Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.4 Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.5 Using Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.5.1 A Deep Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.5.2 Representing Trees and Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.5.3 The n-Queens Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 i
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Page 6 and 7: ii CONTENTS 3 String Processing 41
Page 8 and 9: iv CONTENTS 7 Graphics 99 7.1 2D Gr
Page 10 and 11: vi CONTENTS 11.3 Summary . . . . .
Page 12 and 13: viii CONTENTS 18 Object-oriented Us
Page 14 and 15: x CONTENTS D.5 Multiple Programs an
Page 16 and 17: xii PREFACE TO THE 2 ND EDITION ori
Page 18 and 19: 2 PREFACE TO THE 2 ND EDITION from
Page 20 and 21: 4 PREFACE TO THE 2 ND EDITION syste
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Programs and Expressions
Page 25 and 26: 1.1. YOUR FIRST UNICON PROGRAM 9 Th
Page 27 and 28: 1.1. YOUR FIRST UNICON PROGRAM 11 R
Page 29 and 30: 1.3. EXPRESSIONS AND TYPES 13 • -
Page 31 and 32: 1.5. STRINGS AND CSETS 15 local i,
Page 33 and 34: 1.6. GOAL-DIRECTED EVALUATION 17 Th
Page 35 and 36: 1.8. GENERATORS 19 can produce all
Page 37 and 38: 1.9. ITERATION AND CONTROL STRUCTUR
Page 39 and 40: 1.10. PROCEDURES 23 you call a proc
Page 41 and 42: 1.10. PROCEDURES 25 that aren’t h
Page 43 and 44: 1.10. PROCEDURES 27 Now move the n-
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 Structures The examples i
Page 47 and 48: 2.2. LISTS 31 inserts a value into
Page 49 and 50: 2.4. SETS 33 record complex(re, im)
Page 51 and 52: 2.5. USING STRUCTURES 35 default: r
Page 53 and 54: 2.5. USING STRUCTURES 37 The progra
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2.6. SUMMARY 39 For assignment, ins
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Chapter 3 String Processing In addi
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3.3. CHARACTER ESCAPES 43 if cset(s
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3.4. STRING SCANNING 45 moves the p
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3.4. STRING SCANNING 47 3.4.3 Conco
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3.6. GRAMMARS 49 end procedure re_s
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3.6. GRAMMARS 51 E -> T | T + E T -
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Chapter 4 Advanced Language Feature
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4.3. CO-EXPRESSIONS 55 4.3 Co-expre
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4.5. PARALLEL EVALUATION 57 4.5 Par
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4.7. PERMUTATIONS 59 C2 := create p
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4.8. SIMULATION 61 4.8 Simulation A
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4.8. SIMULATION 63 WAttrib("drawop=
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Chapter 5 The System Interface The
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5.2. FILES AND DIRECTORIES 67 of fi
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5.3. PROGRAMS AND PROCESS CONTROL 6
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5.3. PROGRAMS AND PROCESS CONTROL 7
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5.4. NETWORKING 73 while *(L := sel
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5.4. NETWORKING 75 close(f) } (&err
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5.5. MESSAGING FACILITIES 77 The re
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5.6. TASKS 79 procedure main(argv)
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5.6. TASKS 81 and stack memory area
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5.6. TASKS 83 For example, the vari
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5.7. SUMMARY 85 Note that a module
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Chapter 6 Databases Databases are t
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6.3. DBM DATABASES 89 two kinds of
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6.4. SQL DATABASES 91 by the fact t
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6.4. SQL DATABASES 93 6.4.3 Opening
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6.5. TIPS AND TRICKS FOR SQL DATABA
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6.6. SUMMARY 97 6.5.4 The db librar
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Chapter 7 Graphics Unicon provides
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 101 to the right a
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 103 Name Type / Ex
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 105 Table 7-4 Wind
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 107 a hue with an
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 109 The image widt
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7.1. 2D GRAPHICS 111 ="," | stop("b
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 113 access to seve
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 115 Many scenes ar
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 117 manipulated at
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 119 A programmer s
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 121 Torus The x an
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 123 specular blue-
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 125 The next examp
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 127 A Larger Textu
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7.2. 3D GRAPHICS 129 In order to ap
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Chapter 8 Threads Threads are build
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8.2. FIRST LOOK AT UNICON THREADS 1
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8.2. FIRST LOOK AT UNICON THREADS 1
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 137 ord
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 139 A m
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 141 Not
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 143 pro
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8.3. THREAD SYNCHRONIZATION 145 pra
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 147 Furth
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 149 the s
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 151 8.4.4
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8.4. THREAD COMMUNICATION 153 with
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Chapter 9 Execution Monitoring Unic
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 157 strin
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 159 Figur
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9.1. MONITOR ARCHITECTURE 161 Figur
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9.2. OBTAINING EVENTS USING EVINIT
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9.3. INSTRUMENTATION IN THE ICON IN
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9.4. ARTIFICIAL EVENTS 167 account.
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9.5. MONITORING TECHNIQUES 169 whil
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Part II Object-oriented Software De
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174 CHAPTER 10. OBJECTS AND CLASSES
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186 CHAPTER 11. INHERITANCE AND ASS
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198 CHAPTER 12. WRITING LARGE PROGR
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210 CHAPTER 13. USE CASES AND SUPPL
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Chapter 14 CGI Scripts CGI scripts
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14.1. INTRODUCTION TO CGI 221 14.1.
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14.3. AN EXAMPLE HTML FORM 223 The
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14.4. AN EXAMPLE CGI SCRIPT: ECHOIN
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14.6. APPFORM: AN ONLINE SCHOLARSHI
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Chapter 15 System and Administratio
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 231 w
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 233 N
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15.2. FINDING DUPLICATE FILES 235 p
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 237 end } }
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 239 daysover
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15.3. USER FILE QUOTAS 241 dir := t
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15.4. CAPTURING A SHELL COMMAND SES
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15.5. FILESYSTEM BACKUPS 245 # # ba
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15.5. FILESYSTEM BACKUPS 247 d := "
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15.6. FILTERING EMAIL 249 # Make su
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15.6. FILTERING EMAIL 251 # Read th
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15.7. SUMMARY 253 local server, use
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Chapter 16 Internet Programs The In
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16.2. AN INTERNET SCORECARD SERVER
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16.3. A SIMPLE “TALK” PROGRAM 2
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16.4. SUMMARY 265 and so forth. At
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Chapter 17 Genetic Algorithms The p
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17.2. GA OPERATIONS 269 population
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17.3. THE GA PROCESS 271 a := ?(lch
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17.4. GA_ENG: A GENETIC ALGORITHM E
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17.4. GA_ENG: A GENETIC ALGORITHM E
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17.5. COLOR BREEDER: A GA APPLICATI
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17.5. COLOR BREEDER: A GA APPLICATI
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17.6. PICKING COLORS FOR TEXT DISPL
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Chapter 18 Object-oriented User Int
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18.2. POSITIONING OBJECTS 285 indic
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18.3. A MORE COMPLEX DIALOG EXAMPLE
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18.5. CONTAINERS 293 ent components
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18.5. CONTAINERS 295 connect(self,
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18.6. MENU STRUCTURES 297 menu_bar
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18.6. MENU STRUCTURES 299 # checkbo
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18.7. TREES 301 Figure 18-5: Explor
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18.7. TREES 303 } end # # Given a N
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 305 the GUI
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 307 bar_y :
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 309 Figure
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 311 method
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 313 Listing
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 315 # metho
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 317 menu_ba
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 319 is co-e
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18.9. CUSTOM COMPONENTS 321 end met
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 323 W
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 325 }
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 327 #
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18.10. ADVANCED LIST HANDLING 329 e
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18.11. PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES 331 m
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18.12. IVIB 333 class AnotherDialog
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18.12. IVIB 335 Figure 18-12 Button
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18.12. IVIB 337 object to the dialo
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18.12. IVIB 339 Attribs This works
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18.13. SUMMARY 341 Undo and Redo Th
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Part IV Appendices 343
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346 APPENDIX A. LANGUAGE REFERENCE
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396 APPENDIX B. THE ICON PROGRAM LI
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470 APPENDIX C. THE UNICON COMPONEN
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484 APPENDIX D. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
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486 APPENDIX E. PORTABILITY CONSIDE
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492 BIBLIOGRAPHY [Gris96] Ralph E.
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494 INDEX bounded experssions, 19 b
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496 INDEX elapsed time, 352 else, 3
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498 INDEX image(), 75 image(x), 369
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500 INDEX mutual evaluation, 361 My
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502 INDEX loaded program, 81 progra
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504 INDEX conversion, 166 type conv
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