The PI Annual Report 2009 - The Petroleum Institute

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Chemical Engineering Department Sponsored Projects Solid Sorbents for the Selective Removal of Dilute H 2 S in the Claus Process Tail Gas The main objective of this project is to find an optimum sulfur sorbent in terms of high chemical reactivity and physical integrity and use this sorbant in a pilot scale, fixed bed reactor, to purify tail gas. Absorption under laboratory experimental conditions has been investigated using a sophisticated thermogravimetric analyzer [TGA]. The extent of reaction will be followed by measuring the increase in sorbent mass in a given time and at a fixed TGA temperature. The project will also study conditions that maximize sulfur (H 2 S) extraction from typical oil field tail gas, leading to the development of an original sorbent process and demonstrating its efficiency at a laboratory scale operation. The team carrying out this project participated in the 5 th International Sour Oil & Gas Advanced Technology (SOGAT) Conference held recently in Abu Dhabi, UAE where they presented a conference paper on this project. Intensification of Hydrotreating Process for Crude Oil or Fractions This project is sponsored by the Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company (TAKREER) in collaboration with Dr. Saleh Al Hashimi and Dr. Radu Vladea at The PI. The project started on April 2009 and will continue until 2021. The objective is to develop a new catalytic system based on nano-sized catalyst particles supported on carbon or silicon carbide foams using nanotubes or nanofibers and rotating foam reactors. This technology is being used to: (1) eliminate intra-particle diffusion limitations, (2) improve the intrinsic catalytic activity and (3) enhance mass and heat transfer coefficients. A dramatic decrease in the size of refinery reactors is anticipated leading to a substantial decrease in both capital and operating costs. Molecular Sieve Membranes and Solid Adsorbents for the Selective Removal of Dilute H2S in the Claus Process Tail Gas The objective of this project is to develop selective membranes for removing H 2 S from Claus tail gas. Cu-zeolite-Y and zeolite-Y inorganic membranes are being used to study the process; Zeolites-Y/polymer nanocomposite membranes will also be considered. Some preliminary results have been already published. International Research Collaboration Optimization of Petrochemical Systems: Integrating Engineering and Business Decisions This project is part of the Educational and Energy-Related Research Collaboration (ERRC) between The PI and the University of Maryland (UMD). The PI team includes Dr. Ali Almansoori, Dr. Saleh Al Hashimi and Ms. Neveen Al-Qasas, while the UMD team includes Dr. Shapour Azarm, Dr. P.K. Kannan and Mr. WeiWei Hu. The project has been running for the past three years in an effort to develop a Robust Decision Support System (RDSS) that can be used for multi-objective and multi-disciplinary optimization and sensitivity analysis, under uncertainty, of petro- Annual Report 2009 The Petroleum Institute 16
Chemical Engineering Department chemical systems. A specific objective of the project is to understand how selection of specific performance indicators impacts decision quality in the context of integrated engineering and business settings. Understanding this interaction is anticipated to lead to incorporation of reliable, valid and robust measures for optimum management of engineering and business performance, in integrated multiple-unit settings. This project will include: (i) how to develop business models and management decision making in a multi-unit organization, that takes into account engineering realities (ii) how to determine the relative importance and effect of uncertain system and/or subsystem input parameters on subsystem and/or system outputs (e.g. system performance) and (iii) how to extend current single-level robust optimization methods to multi-subsystem problems while maintaining reasonable computational complexity. Finally, it is expected that the RDSS paradigm will establish groundwork for future extensions and applications in research for “smart fields”. Two journal papers and two conference proceedings have already been published on this topic, with two more journal papers being written. Evaluating Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Systems for Operation on Petroleum Off-Gases with Contaminants This project is one of the EERC projects between The PI and UMD. Team members on the project include Dr. Ali Almansoori from The PI and Drs. Gregory Jackson and Bryan Eichhorn from the UMD. This project objective is to explore the impact of petroleum off-gas composition, including effects of contaminants (H 2 S and HCl) on SOFC performance/design. Single-cell SOFC experiments will be used to enhance and validate existing SOFC models to incorporate the effects of hydrocarbon composition and H 2 S on SOFC performance. These models will be translated to full stack evaluations modeled in higher dimensions which will then be incorporated into process-level plant models. These evaluations will in turn demonstrate the effectiveness of SOFC’s for capturing energy from petroleum gases and also as a possible means to capture CO 2 within an operational plant. The PI and UMD are currently seeking a relationship with industrial partners to explore design and implementation challenges, for a future SOFC full stack demonstration using petroleum gas streams. One conference paper has been published from this work, in the Proceedings of FuelCell2009 held in California. The team is currently working on publishing this as a journal paper. Simulation, Optimization and Control of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems This is a three-year project between the PI and University of Minnesota (UMN), USA. The project started in January 2009 involving Dr. Ali Almansoori from The PI and Dr. Prodromos Daoutidis from the UMN. In addition, 2 UMN graduate students are currently working on the project as a part of their Ph.D. degree studies at the UMN. The objective of the project is to develop and evaluate optimal operating and control strategies for integrated fuel processor-SOFC systems. The need for this information comes from small and medium scale electricity generators which are often subjected to frequent changes in demand and hence, frequent ‘transitions’ between operating states. Enforcing such transitions efficiently, requires accounting for the inherently nonlinear nature of these tightly interconnected systems. The proposed research, therefore, aims at control-relevant nonlinear models and nonlinear control strategies for such systems, along with a comprehensive evaluation and optimization of different process integration alternatives in terms of steady state optimality, energy efficiency and operability. Team members have recently submitted a conference paper that summarizes progress made in this project. 17 The Petroleum Institute Annual Report 2009
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