Storage Area Networks For DummiesÂ®

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104 Par t II: Designing and Building a SAN Fault-tolerant loops A fault-tolerant design, which is another method of adding resiliency to a SAN, uses two of everything in the fabric layer. This way, if any part in the fabric layer fails, another one just like it can take over the load. Most of the time, the fail-over to the redundant part happens transparently; that is, the failure doesn’t disrupt normal operations. This design provides not only fault tolerance but also twice the speed to the hard drives if the both paths are active simultaneously. On the downside, creating two paths through two identical hub loops requires twice the amount of hubs, which doubles the cost of the solution. Figure 5-11 shows a fault-tolerant hub design. With this design, you start configuring the SAN by using two separate hubs. You can then expand the hubs by creating two separate loops of hubs, as shown in Figure 5-12. The addition of more hubs allows more servers and storage to be added to the design. Each side is a mirror image of the other, and each server is connected using dual Host Bus Adapters in the server. This creates two separate paths to the storage. You can lose up to half of all your parts and data traffic can still flow. Figure 5-11: Faulttolerant hub design. Disk storage
Chapter 5: Designing the SAN 105 Figure 5-12: Faulttolerant loops. Disk storage Switched Fabric Topology A switched fabric is a collection of switches tied together through inter-switch links to create a fabric of switches. Switched fabrics are more expensive than hub-based loops because switches are a lot smarter than hubs. An average 8-port hub can cost a few thousand dollars, but a large 256-port director-class switch can cost upwards of a hundred thousand dollars. You do get what you pay for, though. Whereas a hubbased arbitrated loop topology can have a maximum of 127 devices per loop, a switched fabric can have up to 64 million devices in it. This is why switches usually come with high-availability features that make them very reliable. <strong>For</strong> example, director-class switches have No Single Point of Failure (NSPOF) features: If one part breaks, a redundant part is ready to take over for the failed part. The good news is that electronics is one area where things get cheaper as they get faster! Soon, switch prices will have more intelligence and be cheaper than they are now.
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Storage Area Networks For Dummies
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Author’s Acknowledgments Christop
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Contents at a Glance Introduction .
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In this part . . . The computer ind
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8 Par t I: SAN 101 In a nutshell, y
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10 Par t I: SAN 101 Disk drives in
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12 Par t I: SAN 101 Finding Out Whe
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14 Par t I: SAN 101 ✓ Servers tha
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16 Par t I: SAN 101 ✓ Gateway: A
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18 Par t I: SAN 101 on the other ha
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20 Par t I: SAN 101 All Fibre Chann
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22 Par t I: SAN 101 ✓ Any backup
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24 Par t I: SAN 101 Host layer Fabr
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26 Par t I: SAN 101 Newer drive-int
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28 Par t I: SAN 101 ✓ Long-wave:
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30 Par t I: SAN 101 Large-scale, co
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32 Par t I: SAN 101 Hubs typically
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34 Par t I: SAN 101 You could conne
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36 Par t I: SAN 101 Using modular s
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38 Par t I: SAN 101 Data routers A
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40 Par t I: SAN 101 Cables Cables a
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42 Par t I: SAN 101 Core (9-micron
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44 Par t I: SAN 101 Basic SAN port
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46 Par t I: SAN 101 Table 2-2 (cont
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48 Par t I: SAN 101 a Fibre Channel
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50 Par t I: SAN 101 The RAID type t
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52 Par t I: SAN 101 ✓ RAID 2: RAI
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