Raheem-2014-Western Ghats Land Snails-1-294

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xiv Cerastidae…………………………………………………………. 65 Corillidae………………………………………….…….…………. 71 Charopidae……………………………………..…………………. 72 Chronidae…………………………………………………………. 76 Helicarionidae…………………………………..…………………. 78 Ariophantidae……………………………..………………………. 85 Camaenidae………………………………….……………………. 108 Achatinidae……………………………….………….……………. 115 Ferussaciidae………………………………………………………. 115 Subulinidae……………………………..…………………………. 116 Streptaxidae………………………………….……………………. 139 Diapheridae………………………………………..………………. 143 Species Excluded from the Revision…………………..………….…….. 147 Taxonomic Notes…………………………………………….…………. 149 Taxonomic Figures………………………………………..……….……. 154 Literature Cited…………………………………………...……………. 243 Appendix……………………………………………………………..…. 255 Index……………………………………………………………………. 285
Tropical Natural History, Supplement 4: 1-294, November 2014 2014 by Chulalongkorn University A Systematic Revision of the Land Snails of the Western Ghats of India DINARZARDE C. RAHEEM 1, 2 *, HAROLD TAYLOR 2 , JONATHAN ABLETT 2 , RICHARD C. PREECE 3 , NEELAVARA ANANTHRAM ARAVIND 4 AND FRED NAGGS 2 1 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, BELGIUM 2 The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK 3 University Museum of Zoology Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK 4 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore 560 064, Karnataka, INDIA * Corresponding author. E-mail: d.raheem@nhm.ac.uk Received: 2 February 2012; Accepted: 6 March 2014 ABSTRACT – The Western Ghats, the mountain chain running along the western coastline of India, has a phylogenetically-diverse land-snail fauna dominated by endemic species. Although this fauna was well studied in British colonial times, little revisionary taxonomic research has been carried out since the publication of the three volumes of The Fauna of British India (FBI) series on land molluscs, between 1908 and 1921. The FBI is an essential work for anyone wishing to study the land snails of the Western Ghats, but is of limited use as a species-identification tool on its own. Access to type material, most of which is in the U.K., is essential. Furthermore, only a handful of species are illustrated in the FBI, many of the species descriptions are inadequate, and errors and inaccuracies abound. To address this issue, we here present a taxonomically-updated, fully-illustrated revision of the land-snail fauna of the Western Ghats, here defined to include the western coastline of the Indian peninsula and the lowlands and foothills surrounding the main mountain range. In total we consider 337 taxa (299 species and 38 so-called ‘varieties’), consisting largely of snails recorded from the Western Ghats (277 species and 29 ‘varieties’ belonging to 64 genera in 23 families), but also including 16 taxa (9 species and 7 ‘varieties’) that may or probably occur in this region (e.g. snails widespread elsewhere in the Indian peninsula). We critically evaluate and clarify the nomenclature and taxonomy of these snails within a modern systematic framework, designating lectotypes and neotypes where appropriate, and for the first time provide colour images and specimen data of type material for all the Western Ghats taxa, alongside distributional data from the original literature. Also included is a comprehensive geo-referenced index of localities for the taxa considered. KEY WORDS: Western Ghats, India, land snail, taxonomy, distribution INTRODUCTION century workers, particularly William The study of the land snails of the Western Ghats of India, and of the wider South Asian region, has a long and rich history, extending back to the 18 th century. Virtually all of our current knowledge of the diversity and distribution of the Western Ghats snail fauna is based on the publications and collections of 19 th century and early 20 th Benson, Louis Pfeiffer, William and Henry Blanford, Henry Godwin-Austen and Richard Beddome. The three volumes of The Fauna of British India series on land molluscs (Blanford and Godwin-Austen, 1908; Gude, 1914a, 1921, abbreviated as the FBI) mark the culmination of this intense period of faunistic exploration. Published between 1908 and 1921, these volumes
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Raheem-2014-Western Ghats Land Snails-1-294

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