Raheem-2014-Western Ghats Land Snails-1-294

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22 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY, SUPPLEMENT 4, NOVEMBER 2014 FIGURE 6. Shaded relief map of the northern and central Western Ghats. The maroon line delineates the boundary of the Western Ghats hotspot as defined by Bawa et al. (2007). Hill ranges largely follow Schwartzberg (1992, p. 3, plate I.B.1); for geo-coordinates of other localities see the Appendix. Base map as Figure 1.
RAHEEM ET AL. – LAND SNAILS OF THE WESTERN GHATS 23 Pascal (1988), who provides a highly informative introduction to the geography and geology of the Western Ghats. Other authors have adopted different schemes (e.g. Subramanyam and Nayar, 1974; Hajra et al., 1996; Wikramanayake et al., 2002; Dahanukar et al., 2004; Aravind et al., 2005). The Eastern Ghats (Figs. 4, 5) are the disjointed and irregular line of hills running sub-parallel to and not far from the eastern coastline of the Indian Peninsula and across the states of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu (Meyer et al., 1908-1931, vol. 12, pp. 216-217; Legris and Meher-Homji, 1984, p. 116; Swaminathan and Ellis, 1996, pp. 478-479; Pullaiah and Muralidhara Rao, 2002, pp. 1-6). They extend over a distance of more than 1700 km and on the north are bounded by the Mahanadi, a major river. On their southwestern margin the Eastern Ghats merge with the central and southern Western Ghats, and so the southern limits of both mountain ranges have been variously defined in the literature. In British colonial times (Meyer et al., 1908-1931, vol. 12, p. 217, vol. 14, pp. 84-85) the Eastern Ghats were considered to extend southwards only as far as the Melagiri and Biligirirangan Hills in the southwest and the Palar River in the southeast; the hills to the south of the Palar River (i.e. the Javadi and Yelagiri Hills, the Shevaroy Group) were regarded as ‘detached’ hill ranges. More recently, some authors (e.g. Legris and Meher-Homji, 1984, Das, 1996, p. 8, and Swaminathan and Ellis, 1996, p. 478) have treated these outlying hill ranges as part of the Eastern Ghats, whereas others (e.g. Mani, 1974, pp. 197, 202, and Pullaiah and Muralidhara Rao, 2002) have viewed the Eastern Ghats as extending further to the southwest, to encompass the eastern slopes of the Nilgiri, Anaimalai and Palni Hills. A contrasting approach has been taken by Bawa et al. (2007) and Irfan-Ullah and Davande (2008), who have included the Melagiri and Biligirirangan Hills as part of the Western Ghats. Bawa et al. (2007) have also treated the Shevaroy Group and the small, isolated hills immediately to the north, east and south of Dindigul as belonging to the Western Ghats. The Javadi and Yelagiri Hills lie just beyond the southeastern limits of Bawa et al.’s (2007) hotspot boundary, and for the purposes of this list we have included these hills as part of the Eastern Ghats (Fig. 5). Despite a long history of study of some taxa (e.g. plants, Mani, 1974, Swaminathan and Ellis, 1996, and herpeto-fauna, Srinivasulu and Das, 2008), the biota of the Eastern Ghats is far less well known than that of the Western Ghats (Zafarul Islam and Rahmani, 2004; Srinivasulu and Das, 2008). Detailed explorations of the relationship between the biotas of the Western and Eastern Ghats, using molecular phylogenetic approaches, have still to be carried out. In assessing the distributional ranges of taxa occurring in both the Western and Eastern Ghats, we differentiate between the southern and northern parts of the Eastern Ghats. The physiographic division between the southern and northern Eastern Ghats is the 130-km-wide gap of the Krishna and Godavari Rivers (Mani, 1974; Das, 1996; Swaminathan and Ellis, 1996; Pullaiah and Muralidhara Rao, 2002). As used in this revision, the ‘southern part of the Eastern Ghats’ (between latitudes 12º 00′ N and 16º 00′ N) lies between the rivers, Ponnaiyar and Krishna, and extends from the Javadi, Yelagiri and Nagari Hills in the south to the Palkonda, Seshachalam, Nallamalai and Velikonda Hills in the north (Fig. 5). The ‘northern part of the Eastern Ghats’ (between latitudes 16º 00′ N and 20º 00′ N) encompasses the hill ranges that run northwards from the Krishna and Godavari
Page 1: A Systematic Revision of the Land S
Page 5: v Dedicated to the Memory of Profes
Page 8 and 9: viii voyage of the Beagle in 1836.
Page 11 and 12: xi Acknowledgements The groundwork
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Page 15 and 16: Tropical Natural History, Supplemen
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Raheem-2014-Western Ghats Land Snails-1-294

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