Activity Sheet, Lesson 1: What Reading Is - Mark Fullmer

Activity Sheet, Lesson 1: What Reading Is
Developmental Reading
Task 1: Add 3 of your own terms to each of the following lists
What are some reading
situations?
Reading a textbook for class
What is reading?
Understanding things we cannot see
or physically experience
What is reading like?
Like solving a math problem
Reading street signs Entertainment Like fitting together the pieces of a
puzzle
Task 2: Francis Bacon said, “Reading maketh a full man.” What does this mean?
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Task 3: Albert Einstein said, “Any man who reads too much and uses his brain too little falls into lazy
habits of thinking.” What does he feel is the danger of reading too much?
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Task 4: Roy Harris said, “Reading is asking questions of printed text. Reading with comprehension is a
matter of getting your questions answered.” Give 3 example questions we ask when we read.
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Task 5: Kenneth Goodman said, “Reading is a psycholinguistic guessing game. Efficient reading is
selecting the fewest, most productive cues to produce the right guesses.” What kind of guesses do we
have to make when we‟re reading?
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Task 6: Elizabeth Hardwick said, “The greatest gift is the passion for reading. It is cheap, it consoles, it
distracts, it excites, it gives you knowledge of the world. It is a moral illumination.” What does she mean
by „moral illumination‟?
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Task 7: W.S. Gray said, “Reading is an interaction between the reader and the written language, through
which the reader tries to reconstruct the message from the writer.” Draw a diagram below illustrating the
relationship between reader, writer, and written text.

Activity Sheet, Lesson 2: Significance of Reading
Developmental Reading
Task 1: Recall from the previous lesson the components of reading, and fill up the pyramid, below:
Reading Comprehension
Task 2: After reading the passages provided in the chapter, make a list of 10 reasons why reading is
significant (i.e., what benefits does it have?).
1. ____It stimulates the muscles of the eyes____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________
6._____________________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________________________________
10. ____________________________________________________________________________

Activity Sheet, Lesson 3: Factors Affecting Reading
Task 1: Fill up the chart, giving examples of each reading factor
Developmental Reading
Physical & Clinical Factors
Predictors of School Entry
Acquired Knowledge of
Literacy
Family-Based Factors
Hearing problems, eyesight, motor skills
School, Neighborhood, &
Community Factors
Task 2: Use the list above and recall Elena Cutiongco‟s 5 causes for problems in education. Then explain
the factors involved in each situation below:
Scenario
Sean is 10 years old. After school, he immediately
faces the computer and plays games. Whenever his
mom sees him, she always ignores what he‟s doing.
When the issuance of report cards come, Sean
receives poor marks in the major subjects,
particularly reading.
Mae is in Mr. Bernardo‟s Grade 5 class. She has had
difficulty in learning to read. Even in the second
grade she only reads about the preschool level.
When asked about the print materials she prefers to
read, she said she liked playing with dolls and
browsing fashion magazines. She also said that her
brothers play loud music and home.
Renz was more in Cebu and migrated to Manila. He
is now in Grade 4 and is reading in English at about
the 3 rd level. Although he can understand English
and uses it occasionally, he still prefers to speak
Filipino. His teachers in other subjects report that
Renz sometimes lags behind, not only in reading
but also in speaking, listening, and writing.
Kent comes from a dysfunctional family. In school,
his teachers always complain that he is mischievous
and that he oftentimes daydreams, too, during class
hours. He doesn‟t like to finish his seatwork. When
his mom is called for a conference, she exclaims
that at home he does not read.
When Raul was 5, his parents noticed that he could
hardly utter a word. He could not understand what
people were saying, either. When he was enrolled
as a preschooler, his teacher would normally send
him home since he could not cope with the
demands of his schoolwork.
Explanation
I think the two main problems in this example are (1)
the interest of kids in computer games today and (2)
family based factors. Sean does not have the proper
attitude for school yet, and his family is not helping
change that attitude.

Activity Sheet, Lesson 4: Factors Affecting Reading
Developmental Reading
Task 1: Fill up the chart, below, of Developmental Reading Stages. Do NOT simply copy the description.
Instead use your own words so you fully understand the meaning.
Stage
Stage 0: Pre-Reading
Description
Children in this stage are learning about the alphabet, and things like how words can
represent things. They cannot yet read words or sentences.
Stage 1:
Stage 2:
Stage 3:
Stage 4:
Stage 5:
Task 2: Fill up the chart, based on the Three Major Stages of Skills Development
Major Stage
1. Reading Readiness
Description
2. Beginning Reading
A. Print awareness
B. Phonemic awareness
C. Phonics
D. Vocabulary
E. Fluency
F. Comprehension
3. Independent Reading

Activity Sheet, Lesson 5: Developmental Reading Program
Developmental Reading
Task 1: The book provides a “Skills Ladder” for the steps readers take, from basic to complex, in the
reading process. Create your own Skills Ladder for your major subject which lists tasks from simple at the
bottom to complex at the top.
Your major subject: ____________________
Skills Ladder
Most Complex
Most Basic
Task 2: Write a brief description of each of the following Components of a Balanced Literacy Program. Do
NOT simply copy, but rather write in your own words so you will fully understand.
1. Reading Aloud
2. Shared Reading
Component
Description
Reading aloud is when the teacher reads and students
listen. This is good for modeling pronunciation and
emphasis.
3. Guided Reading
4. Independent Reading
5. Writing Aloud
6. Shared Writing
7. Guided Writing
8. Independent Writing

Bottom-Up
Processing
Top-Down
Processing
Developmental Reading
Activity Sheet, Lesson 6: Developmental Reading Program
Task 1: Create a chart showing the differences between Bottom-Up and Top-Down processing. Fill up
elements in order (for example, “personal experience, “sentences”, “main ideas”, “individual words”)
Task 2: Read the following paragraph. Then create 2 Bottom-Up, 2 Top-Down, and 2 Interactive
processing questions.
“Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house. A new theory suggests that medicine could be
bad for your health, which should at least come as good news to the people who cannot afford to buy
expensive medicine. However, it is a blow to the medicine industry, and an even bigger blow to our
confidence in the progress of science. This new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be
healthy by doing Reiki on a regular basis. In quantum physics, energy is recognized as the fundamental
substance of which the universe is composed. Reiki depends on the energy within our bodies. It is a
simple and effective way of restoring the energy flow. There are no side effects and it is scientifically
explained.”
Bottom-Up:
1. According to quantum physics, what is energy?
2.
Top-Down:
1.
2.
Interactive:
1.
2.

Activity Sheet, Lesson 7: Levels of Comprehension
Task 1: Read the following story, then answer the questions.
Developmental Reading
“At a rest stop, I went to…you know DROP A LOAD…Weeelllll I was barely sitting down when I heard a
voice from the other stall saying: “Hi, how are you?” I‟m not the type to start a conversation in the men‟s
restrooms at a rest stop but, I don‟t know what got into me, so I answered, somewhat embarrassed,
“Doin Just Fine!” And the other guy says: “So what are you up to?” What kind of question is that? At that
point, I‟m thinking this is too bizarre so I say: “Uhhh I‟m like you, just traveling east!” At this point I am
trying to get out as fast as I can when I hear another question. “Can I come over to your place after a
while?” Ok, this question is just wacky but I figured I could just be polite and end the conversation. I tell
him, “Well, I have company over so today is a bad day for me!” Then I hear the guy say
nervously…”Listen Tito, I‟ll have to call you back. There‟s an idiot in the other stall who keeps answering
all my questions!”
1. Where does the story take place?
2. Who is the other guy talking to?
3. What could “Drop a load” mean?
4. Why does the man keep on answering the other guy‟s questions?
5. Is the story meant to be funny or educational?
6. Have you ever been in a similar situation?
7. What other kinds of misunderstanding do we have in conversations?
Task 2: Explain the differences between the different Levels of Comprehension
Level
Explanation
1. Literal
2. Interpretive
3. Applied

Activity Sheet, Lesson 8: Comprehension Strategies
Developmental Reading
Task 1: Complete the following chart. Give 2 example activities for the various Reading Comprehension
Strategies.
Strategy
Skimming
Example Activities Using the Given Strategy
1) Have students read a newspaper and then identify the main point
2) Have students skim a whole textbook in 2 minutes, then summarize.
Scanning
Extensive Reading
Intensive Reading
Visualizing
Monitoring & Repairing
Understanding
Determining Important
Ideas
Using Background
Knowledge
Questioning

Task 1: Fill in the blanks
Activity Sheet, Lesson 9: Expanding Your Vocabulary
Developmental Reading
1. Studies show that students need to understand ____% of the words they read for comprehension
2. Researchers believe students need to know at least ________ words for them to effectively transfer
learning from their mother tongue to a second language.
3. Vocabulary knowledge = knowledge of a defintion + _____________________________________
Task 2: Label the following vocabulary learning strategies with one of the following five labels:
DET = Determination
SOC = Social
MEM = Memory
COG = Cognitive
MET = metacognitive
______ 1. Asking a teacher for a translation
______ 2. Looking up a word in a dictionary
______ 3. Watching an English-language movie
______ 4. Grouping words spatially on a page
______ 5. Having a conversation with a native speaker
______ 6. Analyzing word roots and affixes to understand its meaning
______ 7. Connecting a new vocabulary word to a personal experience
Task 3: Use all the different vocabulary learning strategies to learn the meaning of the following words
(i.e., for one word, ask a teacher for a translation, for another try to remember it by drawing a picture,
etc.)
1. Benevolent ________________________
2. Hydrophobia _______________________
3. Verisimilitude _______________________
4. Imposition __________________________
5. Obviate ____________________________
6. Gregarious _________________________
7. Taciturn ___________________________

Activity Sheet, Lesson 10: Word Roots
Developmental Reading
Task 1: Give additional examples of words in English containing the root word
ROOT MEANING EXAMPLES
PORT CARRY Portable, transport, export, import
DICT SAY Diction….
RUPT BREAK Disrupt…
SCRIB WRITE Inscribe…
MED MIDDLE Intermediate…
PED/POD FOOT Pedestrian…
TEMP TIME Temporary…
BENE GOOD Beneficial…
CRED BELIEVE Credible…
DOM HOME Domestic…
PATER FATHER Paternity…
TRACT DRAG/PULL Tractor…
SPECT LOOK Inspect…
STAT/STA NOT MOVING Stationary…
Task 2: Guess the meaning of each of these fears, using the root meaning to help you.
WORD ROOT MEANING
HYDROPHOBIA WATER Fear of…
ACROPHOBIA HIGH Fear of…
CLAUSTROPHOBIA CLOSED Fear of…
AGORAPHOBIA GROUP Fear of…
XENOPHOBIA FOREIGN Fear of…
HOMOPHOBIA MAN Fear of…
HEMOPHOBIA BLOOD Fear of…
Task 3: Write the root word contained in each group of English words. An example answer is given.
1. Mimicking, mimcry, mimic: mim, “to imitate”____________
2. Mystify, mystic, mystical: ________________________
3. Dermatology, dermatitis, epidermis: ________________________
4. Structures, destruction, instructing ________________________
5. Malcontent, malicious, malignant ________________________
6. Bible, bibliography, bibliographical ________________________
7. Infinite, Finiteness, Infinitive ________________________
8. Synchronize, chronology, chronic ________________________
9. Vacuum, evacuate, vacant ________________________
10. Auditorium, audience, audiovisual ________________________

Developmental Reading
Activity Sheet, Lesson 11: Affixes
Task 1: A morpheme is the smallest unit of language that has meaning. For example, the word “prefix”
contains two morphemes: pre, and fix. What is the difference between “phonemes” and “graphemes”?
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Task 2: Encircle all the prefixes or suffixes in the song, “The Impossible Dream”
To dream the impossible dream
To fight the unbeatable foe
To bear with unbearable sorrow
To run where the brave dare not go
To right the unrightable wrong
To love pure and chaste from afar
To try when your arms are too weary
To reach the unreachable star
This is my quest
To follow that star
No matter how hopeless
No matter how far
To fight for the right
Without question or pause
To be willing to march into Hell
For a heavenly cause
And I know if I'll only be true
To this glorious quest
That my heart will lie peaceful and calm
When I'm laid to my rest
Task 3: Give the meaning of the suffix listed. An example answer is given for the first suffix.
Suffix Meaning Examples
able, ible able to be, capable of being pourable, drinkable, readable,
washable, curable, visible, flexible
ance, ancy
performance, reliance, defiance,
radiance, acceptance, ascendancy,
discrepancy, infancy
ator
dom
ee
er, or
terminator, culminator, agitator,
instigator, generator, incubator,
accelerator, invigorator, elevator
kingdom, freedom, wisdom,
sheikdom, fiefdom, sheikdom
payee, mortgagee, employee,
appointee, abductee, examinee
driver, hiker, reader, manager,
polisher, speaker, counselor,
author, creator, director, sculptor

Developmental Reading
Activity Sheet, Lesson 12: Antonyms
Task 1: Fill in words in between the two gradable antonyms listed. An example is given for the first.
Boiling
Hot Happy Wet Rich
Warm
Cool
Cold Sad Dry Poor
Freezing
Task 2: Give 5 examples of relational antonyms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Task 3: Study the following auto-antonyms
WORD MEANING 1 MEANING 2 SAMPLE SENTENCE
BOLT RUN AWAY FASTEN That horse will bolt from the stable unless
you bolt him to the lock.
CUSTOM COMMON HABIT
SPECIAL/
UNIQUE
It is custom in Tacloban to buy custom-made
boots.
LEFT REMAINING GONE AWAY Mae Ann was the only person left on campus after
everyone left.
BILL
BOUND
SOMETHING TO
PAY
TO GO
SOMEWHERE
MONEY Joeboy paid for his bill at Stephanie‟s with a ₱1000
bill.
TO BE HELD
SOMEWHERE
LAST Ending Going on for a long
time
Maricor was bound for Manila, but she was bound
to her work in Tacloban.
My last ₱500 needs to last me until Sunday.
MAD ANGRY IN LOVE WITH Even though Roderick was mad at his girlfriend, he
was still mad about her.
Task 4: List an antonym for each of the words below:
1. Obvious ______________________
2. Talkative ______________________
3. Isolation ______________________
4. Humility ______________________
5. Wrath ______________________
6. Congested ______________________
7. Artificial ______________________
8. Rational ______________________

Developmental Reading
Activity Sheet, Lesson 13: Synonyms
Task 1: Explain the difference between the following pairs of synonyms
• individual / human Individual is more general because it can refer to things besides humans
• student / pupil _________________________________________________
• ugly / unattractive _________________________________________________
• sick / ill _________________________________________________
• teacher / instructor _________________________________________________
Task 2: For each of the following groups, encircle the word that is NOT a synonym.
1. When my love rejected my marriage proposal, I was filled with torment.
2. The prisoners were suffering in the overcrowded and unsanitary jail
3. The teacher was distressed when most of her students failed the exam.
4. The man with pancreatic cancer had a terminal illness.
1. The universe is a constant storm of celestial chaos.
2. The teacher‟s lecture was unorganized and full of disorder.
3. The protesters roamed the streets, bringing mayhem to Manila.
4. After I applied for the job, I received a rejection letter.
1. Don‟t touch that wall because the paint is still wet.
2. Because it was raining and I had no umbrella, my clothes became sodden.
3. My forehead was damp with perspiration.
4. I didn‟t put the flowers in water and now they have wilted.
1. The restaurant offers bottomless soft drinks.
2. Manila is becoming more populous every year.
3. The subterranean cave was full of bats.
4. My philosophy teacher is full of profound ideas.
5. The Pacific Ocean is very deep.

Activity Sheet, Lesson 14: Context Clues
Developmental Reading
Task 1: Study the Chart below, listing the different types of context clues. Then, based on the sentence,
give a definition of the underlined word.
Context Clue Sample sentence Meaning of Word
Example
“Biodegradable materials like
leftover foods, fruit peelings, and
plant leaves must be separated
Biogradable means things that do
decompose.
from those that do not decompose.”
Comparison
“The taciturn student is like a
mute television.”
Contrast
Inference
Synonym
Definition
Explanation
“In March, the weather is pacific,
unlike the stormy weather during
the months of June and July.”
“The OFW is well remunerated for
his work. He receives PHP 50,000
every month.”
“Poems written by Andress Mojica
are usually unfathomable. Many
cannot understand the message he
wants to convey.”
“A philatelist is someone who
collects different kinds of stamps.”
“The stratification of society
makes clear distinctions between
the rich and poor. The level
occupied by the rich is far from the
position the poor people hold.”

Activity Sheet, Lesson 15A: Idioms
Developmental Reading
Task 1: Study the following list of idioms used in sentences, then guess their meanings
Sentence with Idiomatic Expression (underlined)
Life is good. Everything is A-OK!
You seem to be thinking. A penny for your thoughts?
My father always advised me that a penny saved is a penny earned.
Stop trying to explain in words. A picture is worth a thousand
words.
I bought a poor man's version of a videoke machine and now it's
broken.
That Gucci dress cost me a pretty penny.
Don't worry. I'll help. A problem shared is a problem halved.
The Achilles heel of Mano Renie was his love for gambling at cock
fights.
The true acid test of whether you understand English is if you can
speak.
The committee made across the board changes to the budget.
Only an act of God can save us from this horrible storm now.
Don't trust that speaker. Actions speak louder than words.
I have no preference for dinner tonight. The ball is in your court.
If you don't know the exact population, can you give a ballpark
figure?
I learned how to swim through trial by fire.
I am exhausted. Let's call it a day and go home.
Minutes before the angry debate, there was a calm before the
storm.
We shouldn't pass the RH Bill. It is opening a whole can of worms.
The president was something of a dark horse before the election.
I was interviewed on television finally. I've had my day in the sun.
If you keep smoking, your days are numbered.
Thanks for the 50 pesos, but it's only a drop in the bucket for my
debts.
If you argue with him about the budget, it will only add fuel to the
fire.
The principal seems mean, but he is all bark and no bite.
If you think you might say something offensive, bite your tongue.
He never came on time. This morning, as usual, he was late
At last, my son made it to the top ten.
To achieve his goal, he prayed to St. Augustine over and over.
The Philippines will take part in the next global summit.
The president assigned secretary Diaz to be in charge of the
conference
The cancer cells in her body are killing her little by little
At times, I think about why I broke up with my girlfriend.
Mrs. Martin visits her parents in Manila once in awhile.
Meaning
things are absolutely fine
a way of asking someone what they are thinking.
we shouldn't spend or waste money but should
try to save it
visual images can oftentimes explain things better
than writing
a version of something that is not as good, or low
quality
very expensive
if you talk about your problems it will make you
feel better
a person's weak spot, or vulnerability
a way of proving whether something is good or
real
something that applies to everybody
something that happens that no human can
control
what people do is more important than what they
say
the decision is up to you
an estimate or approximate answer
learning something by doing it directly, usually in
a difficult situation
another way of saying you're finished
a peaceful time right before something goes
wrong
a big problem or challenge
someone who is mysterious
a moment of fame and attention
expected to die soon
something that only contributes a little to a very
big problem
to make a bad situation even worse
someone who seems mean but really has no
power
avoid talking
as always, customarily
finally
repeatedly
participate
to lead or supervise
gradually, slowly
sometimes/occasionally (usahay)
sometimes/rarely (talagsa)

Developmental Reading
Activity Sheet, Lesson 15B: Figurative Language
Task 1: Complete the following sentences using the specified figurative language.
1. The pianist played the Beethoven sonata like ___________________________________________.
[simile for something beautiful or perfect]
2. When it comes to cooking, Ma‟am Tanala is a ___________________________________________.
[metaphor for terrible or incompetent]
3. ___________________________ attacked loyalist forces in Libya in an attempt to protect the rebels.
[metonymy for the American government]
4. 4,000 ________________________ marched through the muddy swamps of Balangiga.
[synecdoche for soldiers]
5. Oh unpredictable rain, why ________________________________________________?
[apostrophe for rain not stopping]
6. The __________________ jeepney used 2 liters of gasoline for every 10 kilometers it travelled.
[personified adjective for consuming fuel]
7. Justin Bieber is _____________________________________________________.
[Overstatement for Justin Bieber‟s singing talent]
8. Shamsey Supsup is __________________________________________________.
[Understatement for Supsup‟s beauty and grace]
Task 2: Study the following examples of synecdoche and metonymy to understand these very difficult
figurative language devices.