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The luminaires used for the main lighting should have
housings made of unbreakable materials.
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FOODSTUFFS
INDUSTRY
The foodstuffs industry places
higher demands especially on
the cleanliness and hygiene of
the manufacturing premises.
The correct illumination is
another task, which is no less
important, when processing
foodstuffs and making drinks.
A sufficiently illuminated
space enables the employees
problem-free realising the
work activities and at the
same time it creates a trustworthy
atmosphere which
highlights the positive picture
of the company.
The spectrum of the working
activities which are connected
with processing or manufacturing
the foodstuffs and drinks
extends from simple and mostly
mechanised activities when
the employees fulfil only an
inspection task up to specific
and visually demanding tasks.
The task of the lighting designer
is to design the lighting system
in such a way that it will comply
with the light requirements laid
on each of the activities carried
out. The standard EN 12464-1
states the minimal level of
illuminance 200 lux for the
spaces where washing, boiling,
drying, fermenting and filling
operations are realised. For the
manufacturing premises where
the employees carry out cutting,
grinding, mixing, sorting and
packaging the standard states
the minimal illuminance level of
300 lux, for the spaces where
the employees fulfil visually demanding
tasks or at a high risk
of injury it states the minimal
illuminance level 500 lux (abattoirs,
butcheries, dairies, mills,
delicatessen food production).
At the inspection workplaces
and where recognising the
colours is important it requires
the minimal illuminance level
1,000 lux, luminaires with the
colour rendering index CRI 90
and correlated colour temperature
4,000 K ≤ T CP
≤ 6,500 K.
The required illuminance level can
be achieved by using suspended
linear luminaires with the direct
characteristic of distribution and
to complete them with additional
lighting fixtures with the asymmetric
radiation curve where it
is important to achieve sufficient
values of the vertical illuminance
for a concrete task area. E.g.
they are workplaces with fully
automated manufacturing. The
additional luminaires are required
also at workplaces where the
employees carry out especially
demanding visual tasks (e.g.
decorating, checking bottles). The
luminaires with matted housing
or microprism which are a source
of soft diffuse light and minimise
the risk of the rise of undesirable
reflections from the bright surfaces
(cans, bottles) are suitable.
The luminaires used for the main
lighting should have housings
made of unbreakable materials
which prevent fragments falling
down to the foodstuffs or drinks
being processed when the luminaire
is damaged. From the point
of view of safety it is suitable to
use luminaires with LED sources
which contain in comparison
with the conventional sources
incomparable lower amounts of
hazardous materials (mercury).
Moreover, in comparison to
other light sources they contain
mercury in solid state, i.e. in
the case of damaging the light
source there is no risk of the air
contamination in the manufacturing
premises.
At the same time the importance
of recognising the colours
correctly in all manufacturing
processes in the foodstuffs
industry comes to the fore. It is
valid for workplaces where we
work with food colouring as
well as for all other workplaces
where the employees carry
out the visual inspection of
the food freshness. Therefore
we recommend using the light
sources with high values of the
colour rendering index with CRI
minimally 80. From the point of
view of safety it is suitable to
use luminaires resistant against
humidity, dust and at some
places also against explosion
with IP 50, for wet places IP 65
in the manufacturing halls
determined for processing and
production of foodstuffs.
The cold stores require a special
lighting solution in the foodstuffs
industry. From the point
of view of the standard they are
warehouse spaces for which
the minimal illuminance level
100 lux is stated. However, the
experience from practice shows
that this value is insufficient and
it is recommended to maintain
also in these spaces the minimal
illuminance level 300 lux. In the
light conditions like this the
employees are able to read the
information from the delivery
notes and to see the designation
of the foodstuffs in the
racks better. The luminaires
have to be resistant against
coolness and humidity therefore
we recommend to use the types
with IP 54 or higher. One of the
key tasks of the lighting designer
when designing the illumination
of the cold stores is to
take into account the fact that
at the temperature 0°C there
is a significant reduction of the
luminous flux which can achieve
up to 40 % at lower temperatures.
Therefore it is necessary
to implement the correction
factor to the lighting system
already during the planning
phase. Another way how to
avoid this problem is to use the
luminaires with the LED sources
which even at substantially low
temperatures do not show any
reduction of the luminous flux
and vice versa, their luminous
flux picks up intensity with the
declining temperature.
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foodstuffs INDUSTRY
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