ExamView - 2011-2012 AP Ecology Unit Exam.tst - AP Biology

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27) Evidence shows that some grasses benefit from being grazed. Which of the following terms would best describe this plant–herbivore interaction? A) commensalism B) parasitism C) predation D) mutualism E) competition 28) Approximately how many kg of carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1,000 kg of plant material? A) 10,000 B) 100 C) 10 D) 1 E) 1,000 29) In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to eight after one species was removed. The species removed was likely a(n) A) pathogen. B) keystone species. C) resource partitioner. D) herbivore. E) mutualistic organism. 30) Why are food chains relatively short? A) Food chain length is ultimately determined by the photosynthetic efficiency of producers. B) Top–level feeders tend to be more numerous than lower–trophic–level species. C) Top–level feeders tend to be small but are capable of conserving more energy. D) Longer chains are less stable and energy transfer between levels is inefficient. E) There are only so many organisms that are adapted to feed on other types of organisms. 31) Why is a pathogen generally more virulent in a new habitat? A) More pathogens tend to immigrate into newer habitats. B) Intermediate host species are more motile and transport pathogens to new areas. C) Pathogens evolve more efficient forms of reproduction in new environments. D) Hosts in new environments have not had a chance to become resistant to the pathogen through natural selection. E) New environments are almost always smaller in area so that transmission of pathogens is easily accomplished between hosts. 32) According to the equilibrium model of island biogeography, species richness would be greatest on an island that is A) large and remote. B) small and close to a mainland. C) environmentally homogeneous. D) large and close to a mainland. E) small and remote. 6
33) A cow's herbivorous diet indicates that it is a(n) A) autotroph. B) decomposer. C) secondary consumer. D) producer. E) primary consumer. 34) Which of the following terms encompasses all of the others? A) primary consumers B) herbivores C) secondary consumers D) heterotrophs E) carnivores 35) Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem? A) All of the brook trout in a 500 hectare 2 river drainage system. B) A pond and all of the plant and animal species that live in it. C) The intricate interactions of the various plant and animal species on a savanna during a drought. D) The plants, animals, and decomposers that inhabit an alpine meadow. E) Interactions between all of the organisms and their physical environment in a tropical rain forest. 36) The major role of detrivores in ecosystems is to A) return energy lost to the ecosystem by other organisms. B) recycle chemical nutrients to a form capable of being used by autotrophs. C) prevent the buildup of the organic remains of organisms, feces, and so on. D) provide a nutritional resource for heterotrophs. 37) The total biomass of photosynthetic autotrophs present in an ecosystem is known as A) standing crop. B) gross primary productivity. C) net primary productivity. D) secondary productivity. E) trophic efficiency. 38) What is the primary limiting factor for aquatic productivity? A) lack of nutrients B) herbivores C) light availability D) pressure E) competition 39) Which of the following lists of organisms is ranked in correct order from lowest to highest percent in production efficiency? A) mammals, fish, insects B) insects, mammals, fish C) fish, insects, mammals D) mammals, insects, fish E) insects, fish, mammals 7
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ExamView - 2011-2012 AP Ecology Unit Exam.tst - AP Biology

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