Thin-Layer Chromatography

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[198] Pfeifer, A Seifen, Ole, Fette, Wachse 1971, 97, 119-120 [199] Stoll, U / Chromatogr 1970, 52, 145-151 [200] Riley, R T, Mix, M C / Chromatogr 1980, 189, 286-288 [201] Laub, E , Lichtenthal, H , Fneden, M Dtsch Lebensm Rundsch 1980, 76,14-16 [202] Overo, K F, Jorgensen, A , Hansen, V Ada Pharmacol Toxikol 1970, 28, 81-96 [203] Sinsheimer, J E , Breault, G O / Pharm Sa 1971, 60, 255-257 [204] Kovalska, T Chromatographia 1985, 20, 434-438 [205] McDowell, R W , Landolt, R R , Kessler, W V, Shaw, S M / Pharm Sa 1971, 60, 695-699 [206] Garrett, E R , Bojarski, J T , Yakatan, G J J Pharm Sa 1971, 60, 1145-1154 [207] Cartom, G P, Lederer, U , Pohdon, F / Chromatogr 1972, 71, 370-375 [208] Gielsdorf, W, Klug, E Dtsch Apoth Ztg 1981, 121, 1003-1005 [209] Kung, E Rechtsmedizin 1972, 71, 27-36 [210] Ebel, S , Schutz, H Arch Toxikol 1977, 38, 239-250 [211] Goenechea, S, Eckhardt, G, Goebel, K J / Clin Chem Chn Biochem 1977, 15, 489-498 [212] Klug, E , Toffel, P Arzneim Forsch 1979, 29, 1651-1654 [213] Giesldorfer, W, Toffel-Nadolny, R / Chn Chem Clin Biochem 1981, 19, 25-30 [214] Pischek, G , Kaiser, E , Koch, H Mikrochim Ada (Vienna) 1970, 530-535 [215] Blumberg, A G , Heaton, A M / Chromatogr 1970, 48, 565-566 [216] Smith, A E , Fitzpatrick, A / Chromatogr 1971, 57, 303-308 [217] Fortnagel, B Biochim Biophys Acta 1970, 222, 290-298 [218] Thielemann, H Mikrochim Acta (Vienna) 1970, 645 [219] Thielemann, H Mikrochim Acta (Vienna) 1971, 746-747 [220] Tjan, G H , Konter, T / Assoc Off Anal Chem 1973, 55, 1223-1225 [221] Yang, Z Chinese Brew 1983, 2 (3), 32-34 [222] Braun, D , Lee, D W Kunststoffe 1972, 62, 517-574 [223] Maulding, H V , Brusco, D , Polesuk, J , Nazareno, J , Michaehs, A F / Pharm Sa 1972, 61, 1197-1201 [224] Chafetz, L / Pharm Set 1971, 60, 291-294 [225] Petrowitz, H J , Pastuska, G / Chromatogr 1962, 7, 128-130 [226J Chang, T S , Chan jr,H T / Chromatogr 1971, 56, 330-331 [227] Gupta, S , Rathore, H , Ah, I , Ahmed, S / Liq Chromatogr 1984, 7, 1321-1340 [228] Selmeci, G , Aczel, A Cseh, F Budapest Chromatogr Conf, June 2, 1983 [229] Selmeci, G , Hanusz, B Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek 1981, 27, 135-138 [230] Sass, M , Vaczy, K 7 Kromatografias Vandorgyules Eloadasai 1979, 127-131 [231] Huxtable, R J , Wakil, S J Biochim Biophys Acta 1971, 239, 168-177 [232] Rathore, H , Kumari, K , Agrawal, M / Liq Chromatogr 1985, 8, 1299-1317 [233] Orsi, F, Abraham-Szabo, A , Lasztity, R Acta Aliment 1984, 13, 23-38 [234] Zenen vidaud candebato, E , Garcia Roche, O Elelmiszerviszgalati Kozlemenyek 1982, 28 213-217 [235] Huelin, F E , Coggiola, I M , Sidhu, G S , Kennett, B H J Sa Food Agric 1971, 22, 540-542 [236] Chalaya, Z J , Gorbons, T V / Anal Chem (USSR) 1980, 35, 899-900 [237] Liu, Y K , Luh, B S / Chromatogr 1978, 151, 39-49 [238] Heinz, K L , van der Velden, C Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm 1971, 73, 449-454 [239] Sinner, M , Parameswaran, N , Dietrichs, H H , Liese, W Holzforschung 1972, 26, 218-228, 1973, 27, 36-42 [240] Liebmann, R , Hempel, D , Heimsch, E Arch Pflanzenschutz 1971, 7, 131-150 [241] Hara, A , Taketomi, T Lipids 1982, 17, 515-518 [242] Racz, I , Plachy, J , Mezei, J , Poor-Nemeth, M , Kuttel, M Acta Pharm Hung 1985, 55, Y1-1A [243] Beckett, A H , Shenoy, E V, Brookes, L G / Pharm Pharmacol 1972, 24, 281-288 [244] Beckett, A H , Shenoy, E V, Salmon, J A / Pharm Pharmacol 1972, 24, 194-202 [245] Goebgen, H G , Brockmann, J Vom Wasser 1977, 48, 167-178 [246] Vaskovsky, V E , Khotimchenko, S / High Resolut Chromatogr Chromatogr Commun 1982, 5, 635-636 [247] Vaskovsky, V E , Latyshev, N A / Chromatogr 1975, 115, 246-249 [248] Latyshev, N A , Vaskovsky, V E / High Resolut Chromatogr Chromatogr Commun 1980, 3, 478-479 [249] Vaskovsky, V E , Latyshev, N A , Cherkassov, E N / Chromatogr 1979, 176, 242-246 [250] Teichman, R J , Takei, G H , Cummins, J M / Chromatogr 1974, 88, 425-427 [251] Matissek, R , Drofl, A , Haussler, M Fresenius Z Anal Chem 1984, 319, 520-523 [252] Wilk, M , Hoppe, U , Taupp, W , Rochhtz, J / Chromatogr 1967, 27, 311-316 [253] Wilk, M , Bez, W , Rochhtz, J Tetrahedron 1966, 22, 2599-2608 [254] Stahl, E Dunnschicht-Chromatographie, ein Laboratoriumshandbuch, 2nd Ed , Springer, Berlin 1967 [255] Jork, H , Kany, E GDCh Workshop Nr 302 ..Moglichkeiten der quantitativen Auswer tung von Dunnschicht-Chromatogrammen", Saarbrucken 1986 [256] Brown, W, Turner, A B / Chromatogr 1967, 26, 518-519 [257] Barrett, G C in Giddings, J C , Keller, R A Advances m <strong>Chromatography</strong>, Vol 11,151 Marcel Dekker, New York 1974 [258] Schmidt, F Krankenhaus-Apoth 1973, 23, 10-11 [259] Chen, T I , Morris, M D Anal Chem 1984, 56, 19-21, 1674-1677 [260] Peck, K , Fotiou, F K , Morris, M D Anal Chem 1985, 57, 1359-1362 [261] Tran, C D Appl Spectrosc 1987, 41, 512-516
3 Chemical Methods of Detection Every analytical result forms the basis for a subsequent decision process. So the result should be subject to a high degree of precision and accuracy. This is also true of chromatographic methods. The physical detection methods described until now are frequently not sufficient on their own. If this is the case they have to be complemented by specific chemical reactions (derivatization). These reactions can be carried out during sample preparation or directly on the layer at the start after application of the sample. Reactions have also been described in the capillaries employed for application. Thus, MATHIS et al. [1, 2] investigated oxidation reactions with 4-nitroperbenzoic acid, sodium hypobromite, osmium tetroxide and ruthenium tetroxide. HAMANN et al. [3] employed phosphorus oxychloride in pyridine for dehydration. However, this method is accompanied by the disadvantages that the volume applied is increased because reagent has been added and that water is sometimes produced in the reaction and has to be removed before the chromatographic separation. All cases involve prechromatographic derivatizations which introduce a chromophore leading to the formation of strongly absorbing or fluorescent derivatives during sample preparation visual and photometricexamination \ prechromatographic derivatization steps postchromatographic V chromatogram - detection - at the start Fig. 30: Schematic representation of the position of the derivatization steps. chromatographicdevelopment
Page 1 and 2: Hellmut Jork, Werner Funk, Walter F
Page 3 and 4: VI Foreword in many cases, an elega
Page 5 and 6: Contents Parti Methods of Detection
Page 7 and 8: A1V L,omenis Hydrochloric Acid Vapo
Page 9 and 10: 1 Introduction The separation metho
Page 11 and 12: Number 600 too 200 1 Introduction 1
Page 13 and 14: Colorless substances absorb at wave
Page 15 and 16: 14 rnysicat Methods oj Detection B
Page 17 and 18: io z rnysicai Meinous oj ueieciwn F
Page 19 and 20: 22 2 Physical Methods of Detection
Page 23 and 24: 3U z rnysicai meinous oj veiecuun P
Page 33: 50 2 Physical Methods of Detection
Page 37 and 38: Chemical Meinoas oj ueiecuun Fig. 3
Page 39 and 40: 62 3 Chemical Methods of Detection
Page 47 and 48: uj • improving the detection sens
Page 49 and 50: 82 3 Chemical Methods oj Detection
Page 59 and 60: 30-- 20 4- 10 •• P-7 P-8 —I 1
Page 65 and 66: lit J ^ncniiLui lvicinuus uj [129]
Page 69 and 70: 122 4 Documentation and Hints for C
Page 71 and 72: T LsvLumcniuuuri unu liiruijur \^nr
Page 75 and 76: zone size and distribution of subst
Page 79 and 80: Reagent for: Cations [1-7] Preparat
Page 81 and 82: 146 Alizarin Reagent Detection and
Page 83 and 84: 150 Aluminium Chloride Reagent UV l
Page 85 and 86:
4-Aminobenzoic Acid Reagent Reagent
Page 87 and 88:
158 2-Aminodiphenyl — Sulfuric Ac
Page 89 and 90:
162 4-Aminohippuric Acid Reagent 1
Page 91 and 92:
Reagent for: Ammonia Vapor Reagent
Page 93 and 94:
Ammonium Thiocyanate — Iron(III)
Page 95 and 96:
174 Amy lose — Potassium lodate/I
Page 97 and 98:
1/0 Anuine — Aiaose neageni Mobil
Page 99 and 100:
15 L Anmne — uipnenyiamine — rn
Page 101 and 102:
186 Aniline — Phosphoric Acid Rea
Page 103 and 104:
i s\j Jiituuuz — -I ninuiH. S1LIU
Page 105 and 106:
li»4 X-Anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfon
Page 107 and 108:
198 Anisaldehyde — Sulfuric Acid
Page 109 and 110:
Reagent for: • Ketoses [1] • Gl
Page 111 and 112:
Antimony(III) Chloride Reagent (Car
Page 113 and 114:
Antimony(V) Chloride Reagent Reagen
Page 115 and 116:
214 Berberine Reagent Under UV ligh
Page 117 and 118:
218 2,2'-Bipyridine - Iron(III) Chl
Page 119 and 120:
222 Blue Tetrazolium Reagent Note:
Page 121 and 122:
224 Bratton-Marshall Reagent Substa
Page 123 and 124:
Bromocresol Green — Bromophenol B
Page 125 and 126:
232 Bromocresol Purple Reagent Meth
Page 127 and 128:
236 tert-Butyl Hypochlorite Reagent
Page 129 and 130:
240 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-l,3
Page 131 and 132:
244 Copper (II) acetate — Phospho
Page 133 and 134:
Copper(II) Sulfate Reagent Reagent
Page 135 and 136:
2,6-Dibromoquinone-4-chloroimide Re
Page 137 and 138:
2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol Reagen
Page 139 and 140:
296-Dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide R
Page 141 and 142:
204 Zp-Uichloroqumone-4-cMorovniOe
Page 143 and 144:
268 2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran
Page 145 and 146:
Lii. t-uimeinyiummocmnumaiaenyae
Page 147 and 148:
276 ^,4-Uimtrophenylhydrazine Reage
Page 149 and 150:
280 Diphenylboric acid-2-aminoethyl
Page 151 and 152:
Diphenylboric Anhydride — Salicyl
Page 153 and 154:
Reagent for: Fast Blue Salt B Reage
Page 155 and 156:
tasi mue salt a Keagent 1 5 10 15 2
Page 157 and 158:
ZVb tluorescamine Keagent Sulfonami
Page 159 and 160:
300 Formaldehyde - Sulfuric Acid Re
Page 161 and 162:
304 Hydrochloric Acid Vapor Reagent
Page 163 and 164:
308 Hydrogen Peroxide Reagent radia
Page 165 and 166:
312 8-Hydroxyquinoline Reagent Proc
Page 167 and 168:
310 iron(iii) L^moriae — fercnion
Page 169 and 170:
5Z\) isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide Re
Page 171 and 172:
JZt Ljeaa{ii) Aceiaie Basic neagem
Page 173 and 174:
In situ quantitation: The fluorimet
Page 175 and 176:
332 Lead(IV) Acetate — Fuchsin Re
Page 177 and 178:
JJO manganeseinj ^nionae — zuijun
Page 179 and 180:
Mercury(II) Salt - Diphenylcarbazon
Page 181 and 182:
2-Methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H) furano
Page 183 and 184:
jis 3-Meinyi-z-Denzotniazoiinone-ti
Page 185 and 186:
jji i,*-ivupninoquinone-4-sulJonic
Page 187 and 188:
JDO mnnyarui — ^.oiuatne iteagent
Page 189 and 190:
360 4-(4-Nitrobenzyl)pyridine Reage
Page 191 and 192:
Reagent for: • Steroids [1-8] •
Page 193 and 194:
Peroxide Reagent (1-Naphthol - N 4
Page 195 and 196:
1,2-Phenylenediamine — Trichloroa
Page 197 and 198:
Phosphomolybdic Acid Reagent Reagen
Page 199 and 200:
Reagent for: o-Phthalaldehyde Reage
Page 201 and 202:
384 o-fhthaiaiaenyae neageni [16] G
Page 203 and 204:
Pinacryptol Yellow Reagent Reagent
Page 205 and 206:
Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(III) —
Page 207 and 208:
396 Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(III)
Page 209 and 210:
4UU fyrocatechol Violet Reagent 1 2
Page 211 and 212:
Reagent for: Rhodamine 6G Reagent
Page 213 and 214:
Silver Nitrate — Sodium Hydroxide
Page 215 and 216:
Preparation of Reagent Dipping solu
Page 217 and 218:
Tetracyanoethylene Reagent (TCNE Re
Page 219 and 220:
Trichloroacetic Acid Reagent Reagen
Page 221 and 222:
tz.t i rinuruoenzenesuijonw ACIU ne
Page 223 and 224:
4/5 vanadium{ v) — auijunc Acid R
Page 225 and 226:
432 Vanillin — Phosphoric Acid Re
Page 227 and 228:
t JO vamuin — roiassium tiyaroxid
Page 229 and 230:
Layer Mobile phase Migration distan
Page 231 and 232:
Index ABP = 2-amino-5-bromophenyl(p
Page 233 and 234:
Benztriazole -, derivatives 281 ff
Page 235 and 236:
Disaccharides 154,161,163,179,181,
Page 237 and 238:
430 maex Isoniazide 318 Isonicotini
Page 239 and 240:
40U maex -, side on 27 -, window ma
Page 241 and 242:
464 Index Triphenodioxazines 411 Tr
Page 243 and 244:
Prof. Dr. H. Jork UniversitSt des S
Page 245 and 246:
VIII Preface to Volume lb Particula
Page 247 and 248:
Contents Foreword Preface to Volume
Page 249 and 250:
XVI Contents Potassium Dichromate -
Page 251 and 252:
4 Introduction For the same reason
Page 253 and 254:
8 Introduction [36] Wilson, I. D.,
Page 255 and 256:
12 / Activation Reactions The inorg
Page 257 and 258:
16 1 Activation Reactions The excit
Page 259 and 260:
20 1 Activation Reactions These few
Page 261 and 262:
24 1 Activation Reactions Migration
Page 263 and 264:
28 / Activation Reactions of malona
Page 265 and 266:
32 / Activation Reactions Table 2.2
Page 267 and 268:
36 / Activation Reactions In situ q
Page 269 and 270:
40 / Activation Reactions [4] Egg,
Page 271 and 272:
2 Reagents for the Recognition of F
Page 273 and 274:
48 Table 4: (continued) Functional
Page 275 and 276:
52 2 Reagents for the Recognition o
Page 277 and 278:
3 Reagent Sequences Thin-layer chro
Page 279 and 280:
60 5 Reagent Sequences A B Fig. 23:
Page 281 and 282:
t>4 5 Reagent Sequences Here the al
Page 283 and 284:
68 3 Reagent Sequences tert-Butyl H
Page 285 and 286:
72 3 Reagent Sequences tert-Bnty\ H
Page 287 and 288:
76 3 Reagent Sequences Cerium(IV) S
Page 289 and 290:
80 3 Reagent Sequences Sodium Hydro
Page 291 and 292:
84 3 Reagent Sequences Sodium Hydro
Page 293 and 294:
OO J xvcugcric uc Tin(II) Chloride-
Page 295 and 296:
92 3 Reagent Sequences Tkanium(III)
Page 297 and 298:
96 3 Reagent Sequences Reagent 4 Co
Page 299 and 300:
100 3 Reagent Sequences Nitric Acid
Page 301 and 302:
104 3 Reagent Sequences Reagent 2 R
Page 303 and 304:
108 3 Reagent Sequences Tin(Il) Chl
Page 305 and 306:
112 3 Reagent Sequences 1 2 3 4 M 5
Page 307 and 308:
116 3 Reagent Sequences air. It was
Page 309 and 310:
120 3 Reagent Sequences Hydroxylami
Page 311 and 312:
124 3 Reagent Sequences Borate Buff
Page 313 and 314:
128 3 Reagent Sequences Diphenylami
Page 315 and 316:
132 3 Reagent Sequences Tible 1: Co
Page 317 and 318:
136 3 Reagent Sequences Reaction Th
Page 319 and 320:
140 3 Reagent Sequences [36] Bomtra
Page 321 and 322:
144 Acridine Orange Reagent Reactio
Page 323 and 324:
148 Ammonium Monovanadate-p-Anisidi
Page 325 and 326:
152 Ammonium Thiocyanate Reagent Me
Page 327 and 328:
156 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)thiobenz
Page 329 and 330:
160 N-Bromosuccinimide Reagent Proc
Page 331 and 332:
164 N-Bromosuccinimide-Robinetin Re
Page 333 and 334:
168 Cacotheline Reagent Method The
Page 335 and 336:
172 Chloramine T Reagents Table 1:
Page 337 and 338:
176 Chloramine T-Mineral Acid Reage
Page 339 and 340:
180 Chloramine T-Sodium Hydroxide R
Page 341 and 342:
184 Chloramine T- Trichloroacetic A
Page 343 and 344:
Reagent for: /7-Chloranil Reagent
Page 345 and 346:
192 p-Chloranil Reagent Procedure T
Page 347 and 348:
196 Chlorine-Potassium Iodide-Starc
Page 349 and 350:
200 Chlorine-4,4'-Tetramethyldiamin
Page 351 and 352:
Reagent for: Chlorine - o-Tolidine
Page 353 and 354:
208 Chlorine-o-Tolidine-Potassium I
Page 355 and 356:
Cyanazin (hR{ 5-10) appeared as gra
Page 357 and 358:
216 Copper(II) Sulfate-Sodium Citra
Page 359 and 360:
220 Dansyl Chloride Reagent Reactio
Page 361 and 362:
224 Dimedone-Phosphoric Acid Reagen
Page 363 and 364:
228 N,N-Dimethyl-l,4-phenylenediami
Page 365 and 366:
4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde - Ace
Page 367 and 368:
4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde-Acid
Page 369 and 370:
240 4-(Uimethyiammo)-oenzaiaenyae-A
Page 371 and 372:
244 4-(Dimethylamino)-benzaldehyde-
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
4-(Dimet hy lamino)-benzaldehyde -
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
260 Dimethylglyoxime Reagent Reacti
Page 381 and 382:
264 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid-Potassi
Page 383 and 384:
Fast Black Salt K- Sodium Hydroxide
Page 385 and 386:
272 Fast Black Salt K-Sodium Hydrox
Page 387 and 388:
276 Fast Blue Salt BB Reagent Refer
Page 389 and 390:
280 Iodine Reagents Table 1: (conti
Page 391 and 392:
284 Iodine Vapor Reagent Reaction I
Page 393 and 394:
288 Iodine Vapor Reagent [4] Andree
Page 395 and 396:
292 Iodine Solution, Neutral Reagen
Page 397 and 398:
Iodine-Potassium Iodide Solution, A
Page 399 and 400:
300 Iodine-Potassium Iodide Solutio
Page 401 and 402:
304 Iodine-Potassium Iodide Solutio
Page 403 and 404:
3U8 lron(iii) cnionae Reagent Prepa
Page 405 and 406:
Iron(III) Chloride-Potassium Hexacy
Page 407 and 408:
316 Iron(III) Chloride-Potassium He
Page 409 and 410:
320 8-Mercaptoquinoline Reagent Ref
Page 411 and 412:
324 l,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic A
Page 413 and 414:
328 Nitric Acid Vapor Reagent Prepa
Page 415 and 416:
Reagent for: 4-Nitrobenzenediazoniu
Page 417 and 418:
References [1] Fuhremann, T. W., Li
Page 419 and 420:
340 Palladiumfll) Chloride Reagent
Page 421 and 422:
344 Phosphoric Acid Reagent Storage
Page 423 and 424:
Reagent for: 0-Phthalaldehyde- Sulf
Page 425 and 426:
Potassium Dichromate-Perchloric Aci
Page 427 and 428:
1 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fig 2: Chrom
Page 429 and 430:
Reaction The mechanism of the react
Page 431 and 432:
364 Potassium Hexaiodoplatinate Rea
Page 433 and 434:
joo tvtassium Hydroxide Reagent Lay
Page 435 and 436:
Preparation of the Reagent Dipping
Page 437 and 438:
Potassium Nitrate-Sulfuric Acid Rea
Page 439 and 440:
380 Potassium Peroxodisulfate-Silve
Page 441 and 442:
Reaction The reaction mechanism has
Page 443 and 444:
388 Sodium Hydroxide Reagent Prepar
Page 445 and 446:
References ouuium tiyaroxiae Reagen
Page 447 and 448:
In situ quantitation: The absorptio
Page 449 and 450:
c o Fig. I: Reflectance scans of a
Page 451 and 452:
Procedure Tested Nitrophenols [28]
Page 453 and 454:
408 Sulfanilic Acid-N-(l-Naphthyl)-
Page 455 and 456:
412 Tetrabromophenolphthalein Ethyl
Page 457 and 458:
,j\-ietramethyl-l,4-phenylenediamin
Page 459 and 460:
4-nitroaniline) and 25 ng (2-amino-
Page 461 and 462:
424 Thymol-Sulfuric Acid Reagent Fi
Page 463 and 464:
4/8 i m[ii) ^nionae-nyarocnionc Aci
Page 465 and 466:
432 Tin(IV) Chloride Reagent Migrat
Page 467 and 468:
436 Titaniumflll) Chloride-Hydrochl
Page 469 and 470:
Vanillin Reagents The "aldehyde aci
Page 471 and 472:
Procedure Tested Indole Derivatives
Page 473 and 474:
IVICUIUU The chromatograms are drie
Page 475 and 476:
452 Vanillin-Sulfuric Acid Reagent
Page 477 and 478:
456 Named Reagents and Reagent Acro
Page 479 and 480:
460 Index Aminoglycoside antibiotic
Page 481 and 482:
464 Index Cactus alkaloids lb 229 C
Page 483 and 484:
468 Index -, phenols la 73 -, prech
Page 485 and 486:
472 Index Ergocornine lb 243 Ergocr
Page 487 and 488:
476 Index Halogen lamp la 22 Hexoba
Page 489 and 490:
480 Index Lipids la 44-46, 89,191,2
Page 491 and 492:
484 Index Orelline lb 307 Orellinin
Page 493 and 494:
488 Index PRimine lb 244,246,247 Pr
Page 495 and 496:
492 Index Stimulents lb 268,270 Str
Page 497:
496 Index -, bioautoradiographic de
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