Explosives Education and Training in Germany - EU-Excert

First meeting of
Education & Training in Explosives
24.03.2010 © DSS
in Germany
17.–19. Marche 2010,
Karlskoga, Sweden

24.03.2010 © DSS
What is the basis for the education and training in
explosives in Germany?
Conducting blasting operations in the commercial sector and
the application of pyrotechnics for indoor and outdoor
fireworks in Germany are governed by the German law on
explosive material.
– The company which intends to carry out blasting
operations or intends to use pyrotechnical articles for
fireworks needs a permission according to § 7 of the
German law on explosive material.
Permission according
explosive material
to § 7 of
the
German
law
– This is a state license which is issued for the respective
company and which is valid throughout Germany.
on
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24.03.2010 © DSS
What is the basis for the education and training in
explosives in Germany?
Conducting blasting operations in the commercial sector and
the application of pyrotechnics for indoor and outdoor
fireworks in Germany are governed by the German law on
explosive material.
– The company’s employees who are in charge of
conducting blasting operations or fireworks need a
qualification
certificate
according
to § 20 of
the
German law on explosive material.
Qualification certificate according to § 20 of the German
law on explosive material
– This document is a personal (individual-related) license
qualifying a person for such operations. It is a
permission which relates to a specific employee and
which contains detailed information regarding the
authorization for conducting such operations.
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24.03.2010 © DSS
Which conditions must be satisfied to get this license?
Qualification certificate according to § 20 of the German law
on explosive material
– proof of reliability – the applicant must not have violated
any legal regulations in the past
– personal qualification – the applicant must be physically
and mentally suited to conduct such operations
– minimum age 21 years – in Germany a person
conducting blasting operations and fireworks who is
acting with a high degree of personal responsibility
needs to be at least 21 years old
– technical qualification – the applicant needs to prove
that that he or she has the necessary technical
qualification for conducting such operations
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24.03.2010 © DSS
How can you get the knowledge for this occupation?
The necessary specialised knowledge for conducting
blasting operations and for applying pyrotechnics in
Germany is not part of a vocational training and therefore
needs to be taught in a separate training.
The training in the fields of explosives technology and
pyrotechnics in Germany is based on the German law on
explosive material.
This training includes separate technical qualification
courses for each field (explosives technology and
pyrotechnics) in which the necessary knowledge and the
required skills are taught.
These courses are divided into basic knowledge courses
and accompanying advanced knowledge courses.
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24.03.2010 © DSS
Education and training in the field
of blasting technique
There are the following basic knowledge courses in the field
of blasting technique:
– Basic knowledge courses for:
basic knowledge course for transportation of
explosive material (it means not ADR)
basic knowledge course for blasting operations
aboveground (general field blasting)
basic knowledge course for blasting operations
underground/tunnelling
basic knowledge course for producing explosives
materials
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24.03.2010 © DSS
Education and training in the field
of blasting technique
There are the following accompanying advanced (special)
knowledge courses in the field of blasting technique:
– Advanced (special) knowledge courses for:
advanced knowledge course for large hole blasting
advanced knowledge course for blasting of building
constructions
advanced knowledge course for blasting in hot
materials
advanced knowledge course for snowfield blasting
advanced knowledge course for ice blasting
advanced knowledge course for underwater
blasting
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Impressions of the practical part of the education
24.03.2010 © DSS
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Impressions of the theoretical part of the education
Bohrlochanzahl im Ringbalkenbereich n B
= 5 x 30 = 150
16
17
18
Ringbalkenbereich
8
Stützen
1 Zeitstufen 8
16
17
18
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
24.03.2010 © DSS
U 1/2
Zeitstufen Dynaschoc - KZZ
Fallrichtung
U 1/2
Bohrlochanzahl im Stützenbereich n B = 6 x 54 = 324
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Impressions of the theoretical part of the education
6 s
250 ms
24
4 s
250 ms
16
2 s
250 ms
8
0 s Verzögerungszeit
250 ms Intervall
0 Zeitstufe HU
Kühlturm
Kühlturm
Kühlturm
Kühlturm
7
8
9
10
Zündleitung HU-Zünder Verbindungsleitung Sprengschnur 5 g/m Fallrichtung
24.03.2010 © DSS
ZM
Streufluggefahr von KT 10 für 2 s später
detonierende Sprengschnur an KT 9 usw.
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Impressions of the practical part of the education
24.03.2010 © DSS
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Impressions of the practical part of the education
24.03.2010 © DSS
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24.03.2010 © DSS
Education and training in the field
of handling pyrotechnics
There are the following basic knowledge courses in the field
of handling pyrotechnics (pyrotechnics field):
– Basic courses for:
basic knowledge course for conducting fireworks
(use of pyrotechnic articles - outdoor)
basic knowledge course for using pyrotechnical
articles on stages and similar scenarios (indoor)
basic knowledge course for handling pyrotechnical
articles of technical purposes (e.g. for use in
vehicles – airbag/seat belt tensioner, fire
extinguishing systems, aircrafts, space flight
objects)
basic knowledge course for producing pyrotechnics 13

Education and training in the field
of handling pyrotechnics
There are the following accompanying advanced knowledge
course in the field of handling pyrotechnics (pyrotechnics
field):
– Special course for:
advanced knowledge course for handling explosive
substances used in TV and movie productions
(SFX course)
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Impressions of the practical part of the education
24.03.2010 © DSS
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Impressions of the practical part of the education
24.03.2010 © DSS
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Facts about the training company's
Imparting this technical qualification in Germany is mainly
done by private institutions.
Therefore, these institutions need a government
permission/license for organizing such courses which is
granted by a state authority.
24.03.2010 © DSS
The institution offering the courses needs to prove that it is
in the position to carry out such courses in regards to
content, personnel and organisation.
17

Facts about the training company's
The main topics which need to be covered by the courses
are listed in a statutory curriculum. Moreover, the institution
offering the course/the training company can impart
additional knowledge/know-how.
The training contains a curriculum as well as a minimum
amount of hours a trainee needs to attend. This amount can
be expanded by the training institution but must not fall
below a certain amount.
24.03.2010 © DSS
18

Facts about the training company's
All basic and advanced knowledge courses finish with a
written and oral as well as, in many cases, a practical test.
This is held by the training institution in cooperation with the
state authority.
When the trainees pass the test, they receive a state
certificate which authenticates the acquired skills.
24.03.2010 © DSS
It is valid throughout Germany and is a prerequisite for
receiving a personal license (qualification certificate
according to § 20 of the German law on explosive material)
for conducting the respective operations. 19

Prerequisites for the participation in the courses
Due to the fact that the statutory extent of the training
(minimum training hours) is relatively small and due to the
fact that these trainings are no vocational trainings, the
trainees need to meet certain prerequisites in order to take
part at the training.
24.03.2010 © DSS
For taking part at basic knowledge courses, it is normally
necessary to do practical work as an assistant in the
respective field during a fixed time span or for a certain
amount of blasting operations or operations with pyrotechnic
articles.
20

Prerequisites for the participation in the courses
Example explosives technology (blasting technique):
– It is required to take part at 50 blastings as an assistant
in order to attend the basic knowledge course for
general explosive tasks (general field blasting).
24.03.2010 © DSS
Example pyrotechnics (field of handling pyrotechnics):
– It is required to take part at 26 fireworks as an assistant
in order to attend the basic knowledge course for
conducting fireworks (use of pyrotechnic articles -
outdoor).
21

Prerequisites for the participation in an
advanced knowledge course
It is normally required to initially attend a basic knowledge
course and to do some practical work as an assistant in
order to be able to attend an advanced knowledge course.
24.03.2010 © DSS
Example explosives technology (blasting technique):
– It is required to attend a basic knowledge course on
general explosives technology and to assist on 6 large
drill hole blastings (assistant job) in order to be able to
attend the advanced knowledge course on large hole
blastings.
– It is required to attend a basic knowledge course on
general explosives technology and to assist on 16
blastings of buildings (assistant job) in order to be able
to attend an advanced knowledge course on blasting of
building constructions. 22

Prerequisites for the participation in an
advanced knowledge course
It is normally required to initially attend a basic knowledge
course and to do some practical work as an assistant in
order to be able to attend an advanced knowledge course.
24.03.2010 © DSS
Example pyrotechnics (field of handling pyrotechnics):
– It is required to attend a basic knowledge course on
conducting indoor or outdoor fireworks and to assist on
10 operations with explosive material (assistant job) in
order to be able to attend the advanced knowledge
course on handling explosive material for TV and movie
productions.
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Impressions of the theoretical part of the education
24.03.2010 © DSS
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Impressions of the theoretical part of the education
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25

Impressions of the theoretical part of the education
Anwendungsgrundsätze: nichtelektrische Zündung
10 Zündfolge nach Impulstechnik Folie
Zündung
225 225 250 275 300 325 350 375
228 227 251 277 303 327 355 378
t Z nominal 250 275 300 325 350 375 400
t Z real (Variante) 249 276 303 326 350 379 401
325 350 375 400 425 450 475
325 349 372 406 425 450 475
24.03.2010 © DSS
375 400 425 450 475 500 525
371 399 432 448 475 500 525
400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575
395 425 458 472 500 525 550 575
DSS Dresdner Seminar Sprengtechnik Optimierung GBS 12 / 2003 Gerd Vogel
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Impressions of the theoretical part of the education
24.03.2010 © DSS
27

Impressions of
the theoretical
part of the
education
24.03.2010 © DSS
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Impressions of the theoretical part of the education
Hinweise für den Einsatz nichtelektrischer Zündsysteme
321 304 287 270 343 368
42 42 42 42
42
42
t RV
220
279 262 245 228 211 251 276 301 326
42
42
42
Zündwinkel (1:4)
203 186 169 152 135 184 209 234 259 284
42
42 42
135 ms
144 127 110 93 76 92 117 142 167 192
159 ms
42
42 42
Zündwinkel (1:3,2)
85 68 51 34 17 0 25 50 75 100 125
17
25
Bezugslinie (z.B. Bruchkante)
links LV: 17 ms / DV: 42 ms - L
Zündverzögerung
LV: 25 ms / DV: 42 ms - L
rechts
Hinweise für den Einsatz nichtelektrischer Zündsysteme
t = RV 67,5 ms
Reihenverzögerung
t RV = 79,5 ms
ZW η = arc tan (1 / 4) Zündwinkel ZW η = arc tan (1 / 3,2)
253 236 219 202 243 268 293
42 42 42 42
42 42
42
t RV
211 194 177 160 176 201 226 251
42
Zündwinkel (1:3)
169 152 135 118 101 134 159 184 209
42
24.03.2010 © DSS
101 ms
127 110 93 76 59 67 92 117 142 167
109 ms
Zündwinkel (1:2,2)
42
85 68 51 34 17 0 25 50 75 100 125
17
25
Bezugslinie (z.B. Bruchkante)
links LV: 17 ms / DV: 42 ms - K Zündverzögerung LV: 25 ms / DV: 42 ms - K rechts
t RV = 50,5 ms
Reihenverzögerung
t RV = 54,5 ms
ZW η = arc tan (1 / 3) Zündwinkel ZW η = arc tan (1 / 2,2)
29

Impressions of the theoretical part of the education
Rechteckverschaltung
Diagonalverschaltung
24.03.2010 © DSS
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Impressions of the practical part of the education
Nichtelektrische Zündung / Oberflächenverzögerung (Dynashoc)
Großbohrlochsprengung
110 Bohrlöcher / 8 Reihen / 13 t gepumpter Emulsionssprengstoff
GBS-Anlage vor der Sprengung
Start
Leitverzögerung
24.03.2010 © DSS
Diagonalverzögerung
Granit-Steinbruch Dezember 1996
31

Impressions of the practical part of the education
Nichtelektrische Zündung / Oberflächenverzögerung (Dynashoc)
Großbohrlochsprengung
Leitverzögerung 17 ms / Diagonalverzögerung 42 ms / Zündvorlauf 200 ms
GBS während der Zündung
24.03.2010 © DSS
Zündvorlauf
32

Impressions of the practical part of the education
24.03.2010 © DSS
Basic course for handling fireworks display 33

24.03.2010 © DSS
Summary and final remarks
The explained examples show that the separate basis
knowledge courses and advanced knowledge courses in
combination give the option to impart the knowledge
necessary for carrying out the respective operations.
From our view, this system of step-by-step and task-related
training creates a high-quality training considering the
economic interests of explosives companies and companies
in the pyrotechnics field.
In Germany, there are currently approx. 8 training institutions
(company's) which offer such courses. However, the range
of offered courses varies strongly.
34

Summary and final remarks
As a final conclusion I would like to point out that the
explained basic training principle is not only applied in the
fields of explosives and pyrotechnics but also in the field of
explosive ordnance disposal (EOD).
The necessity of training in this field (EOD) mainly results
from German history (WW I and II) and its consequences.
24.03.2010 © DSS
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24.03.2010 © DSS
Summary and final remarks
Finally I would like to mention the fact that the personal
license (qualification certificate according to § 20 of the
German law on explosive material), which is obtained by the
training detailed in this lecture, is valid for 5 years.
Before the expiration of this period, the holder needs to
attend a repetition course in order to refresh the knowledge
and, thereby, maintain its validity.
These repetition courses may also only be held by licensed
educational companies. However, there is currently no final
test for these courses.
36

Thank you very much for your interest in my
remarks and for your attention!
Dresdner Sprengschule GmbH
Heidenschanze 6-8
24.03.2010 © DSS
D-01189 Dresden
Tel.: ++49-351-43059-0
Fax: ++49-351-43059-59
E-mail: Info@Sprengschule-Dresden.de
www.Sprengschule-Dresden.de