Stream Ecology What is a stream? What is a river? How characterize?
Stream Ecology What is a stream? What is a river? How characterize?
Stream Ecology What is a stream? What is a river? How characterize?
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<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>stream</strong>?<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>river</strong>?<br />
<strong>How</strong> <strong>characterize</strong>?<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>stream</strong>?<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> and <strong>river</strong> character<strong>is</strong>tics:<br />
• running water - unidirectional flow<br />
• Lotic<br />
• Vs Lentic - standing or still water<br />
• drains area of land (watershed,<br />
catchment or drainage basin)<br />
Terminology -<br />
• Watershed?<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
• The boundary that defines the basin -<br />
sheds the water<br />
• Drainage basin or catchment better term<br />
Relatively new field<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
• Where <strong>stream</strong> flow came from not<br />
determined until the 1700s<br />
• Late 1800’s interest in f<strong>is</strong>h and f<strong>is</strong>h food<br />
• Part of limnology and aquatic ecology<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin<br />
H<strong>is</strong>tory of <strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Recent H<strong>is</strong>tory of <strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
• <strong>Stream</strong> Limnology -late 1800s to<br />
early 1900s<br />
• Era of D<strong>is</strong>covery - 1920s-1950s<br />
• Biotic Production and Energy<br />
Flow - 1950s-1980<br />
• Refinement & Experimentation -<br />
1960s-1990s<br />
• Nutrient dynamics - 1970s-pres<br />
Minshall 1988<br />
Minshall 1988<br />
1
Recent H<strong>is</strong>tory of <strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Recent H<strong>is</strong>tory of <strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Landscapes, scale, riparian and basin connections (1990s to present)<br />
Minshall 1988<br />
Minshall 1988<br />
Relatively new field<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
• 1953 - Midwest Benthological Society<br />
• Became North American Benthological<br />
Society in 1974<br />
Trends in NABS<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
• J. Bruce Wallace 1992 NABS<br />
presidential address<br />
• Examined trends in topics over time<br />
• Primary <strong>stream</strong> oriented society - <strong>is</strong><br />
international now<br />
http://www.benthos.org/index.cfm<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Increase in NABS attendance and papers<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Trends in NABS presentations<br />
Wallace 1992<br />
Wallace 1992<br />
2
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Society <strong>is</strong> primarily <strong>stream</strong>-oriented<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Topics have changed<br />
Wallace 1992<br />
Wallace 1992<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Topics have<br />
changed<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Increase in predator-prey and plant-herbivore<br />
papers<br />
Wallace 1992<br />
Wallace 1992<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Topics have changed<br />
Lag times<br />
in topics<br />
Key - get<br />
in early<br />
but not<br />
too early<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
Wallace 1992<br />
Wallace 1992<br />
3
Relatively new field<br />
<strong>Stream</strong> <strong>Ecology</strong><br />
• 1953 - Midwest Benthological Society<br />
• 1974 - Became North American<br />
Benthological Society<br />
• 1970 - HBN Hynes publ<strong>is</strong>hed <strong>Ecology</strong> of<br />
Running waters - 1st <strong>stream</strong> book<br />
Literature Cited<br />
Allan, J.D. 1995. <strong>Stream</strong> ecology: structure and function of<br />
running waters. Chapman and Hall, NY, NY. <br />
Hynes, H. B. N. 1970. The ecology of running waters.<br />
University of Liverpool Press, Liverpool, England. <br />
Wallace, J. B. 1992. The NABS at age 40: reflections on our<br />
science. Bul. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 9: 218-228. <br />
• 1995 - J.D. Allan publ<strong>is</strong>hed <strong>Stream</strong><br />
<strong>Ecology</strong> - first <strong>stream</strong> ecology textbook<br />
• Clearly now <strong>is</strong> a field<br />
4
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