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identified. The team arrested a number of them and they were arraigned. There are
a few cases where the suspects are at large. 413
Some community leaders confirmed that police from Abuja came to investigate the violence.
Muslim leaders in Kafanchan told Human Rights Watch that a police official from Abuja came and
informed the leaders that the police would take complaints from witnesses who could identify
people who carried out the violence. 414 Muslim community leaders also said that in June 2011
police went to a camp for displaced Muslims, located in Kaduna city, and interviewed witnesses
from Zonkwa. 415 The community leaders provided Human Rights Watch with a list of 15 individuals
interviewed by the police. 416 One of the Zonkwa residents recalled that they offered to find other
witnesses for the police. “I said to the police who came that we can get more witnesses from
Zonkwa. The [police officer] in charge said he didn’t have enough paper and he would come back,”
recalled the Zonkwa resident. “He didn’t come back.” 417
Civil society leaders in Kaduna State also said they sent the police a series of photographs of the
violence in Zonkwa that included the faces of alleged perpetrators. One photograph depicts what
appears to be a group of Muslim young men lying on the ground surrounded by Christian men
armed with sticks and machetes. A second photograph at the same location shows what appear to
be the dead bodies of the same Muslim young men in pools of blood. A civil society leader confirm
that in July 2011 they sent copies of photographs to various security agencies, including the
Kaduna State police commissioner and the inspector general of police in Abuja. 418
Witnesses in three Christian villages attacked in April 2011 in Soba local government, in northern
Kaduna State, said they reported the attack to the police. One of the witnesses from Ungwar Tuji
village, where two Hausa-Fulani Christians were killed, said the police came after the attack and
“went around the houses and took pictures.” He added that police asked whether anyone could
identify the perpetrators, and “we told them the names of the people we could identify.” 419
413 Human Rights Watch interview with Nwodibo Ekechukwu, then-deputy commission of police, Kaduna State, Kaduna, November 11,
2011.
414 Human Rights Watch interview with Ilyasu Musa Kalla, JNI secretary, Jema’a local government area, Kafanchan, November 19, 2011.
415 Human Rights Watch interview with Zonkwa community leaders, Kaduna, August 2011.
416 List of names of witnesses who provide statements to the police on file with Human Rights Watch.
417 Human Rights Watch interview with a Zonkwa resident, Kaduna, November 18, 2011.
418 Human Rights Watch interview with Bashir Kurfi, department head, Department of Business Administration, Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria, March 2012. Copy of photographs on file with Human Rights Watch.
419 Human Rights Watch interview with a resident of Ungwar Tuji, November 20, 2011.
113 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | DECEMBER 2013