icvg 2009 part I pp 1-131.pdf - Cornell University

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— 34 — Penicillium chrysogenum virus, Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1, Amasya cherry disease associated chrysovirus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A, Helminthosporium victoriae 145 S virus, etc). The population of clones containing mycovirus-like sequences represented the second largest group generated by random primer cloning (after those of plant origin). On-going study. Additional viruses (i.e. cucumovirus, flexivirus) are likely to be present in muscadine samples currently being analyzed. However, these are preliminary data based upon analyses of dsRNA profiles extracted from the 2009 sample pool of muscadines and RT-PCR results with corresponding genus-specific priers and must be confirmed by sequencing. This research is continuing and will be extended to some DNA viruses in 2009. This study, although still in its very infant stage, shows that native grapevines in the Southeastern United States harbor an array of new RNA viruses and warns about their potential importance for cultivated grapevines. Some of the identified viruses may appear mere scientific curiosity due to their relative “benigness” in plant tissues (i.e. endornaviruses, cryptoviruses), but others deserve full consideration as potential pathogens due to the documented economic importance of closely related viruses in their original hosts (i.e. oryzaviruses, luteoviruses, potyviruses), or still uncertain impact (Southern tomato virus). No members of these taxa were previously reported from grapevines. However, one of the viruses identified in this study (GVQ syn. GSyV-1) has already been reported in Vitis vinifera (Al Rwahnih et al., 2009; Sabanadzovic et al., 2009a,b), thus indicating that others may also infect cultivated grapevines. The discovery of the same virus in wild blackberries (Sabanadzovic et al., 2009), as well as the report of an oryzavirus in red raspberries (Quito et al., 2009), suggests their possible importance for crops other than grapevines. On the other hand, preliminary results of our investigation showed a virtual absence of “traditional” grapevine viruses in the tested pool of muscadines and other native species (i.e. closteroviruses, vitiviruses, nepoviruses). These results, if confirmed by further, more in-depth studies, indicate that this germplasm might represent a valuable source of resistance to explore in breeding programs, as in the case of muscadines and V. arizonica for Pierce’s disease (Ruel & Walker, 2006; Fritschi et al., 2007; Ramming et al., 2007). Furthermore, our study showed that wild grapevines host a number of hopper- or aphid-vectored viruses. Leaf/planthoppers are reported to vector marafiviruses and oryzaviruses. Potyviruses and cucumoviruses are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner, while the new enamovirus, as inferred from molecular data, is likely transmitted by the same type of vector(s) in a circulative, non-propagative manner. Hence, it appears that aphids could play more important role in the dissemination of viruses in natural environments than in agricultural ecosystems. Finally, there are yet some graft-transmissible, viruslike diseases of grapevines with no known causal agent. One of these is grapevine enation disease, which has been reported from almost all grapevine-growing areas of the world. None of the currently reported viruses for grapevine appears involved in this etiology. Curiously, Pea enation mosaic virus-1, the only known enamovirus, causes a similar type of symptoms in peas in association with an umbravirus. It would be worth to check if the enamovirus identified in this work is associated with the enation disease of grapevines. Specific sets of primers are already designed and preliminarily tested for all major viruses identified in this study. They will be used in future collaborative studies targeting these viruses in Vitis vinifera and related rootstocks. LITERATURE ALTSCHUL, S.F., MADDEN, T.L., SCHÄFFER, A.A., ZHANG, J., ZHANG, Z., MILLER, W. & LIPMAN, D.J. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research 25, 3389–3402. AL RWAHNIH, M., DAUBERT, S., GOLINO, D. & ROWHANI, A., 2009. Deep sequencing analysis of RNAs from a grapevine showing Syrah decline symptoms reveals a multiple virus infection that includes a novel virus. Virology. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.028. DIGIARO, M., ELBEAINO, T. & MARTELLI, G.P. 2007. Development of degenerate and species-specific primers for the differential and simultaneous RT-PCR detection of grapevineinfecting nepoviruses of subgroups A, B and C. Journal of Virological Methods 141, 34-40. DOVAS, C.I. & KATIS, N.I., 2003. A spot nested RT-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of members of the Vitivirus and Foveavirus genera in grapevine. Journal of Virological Methods 107, 99–106. FAUQUET, C.M., MAYO, M.A., MANILOFF, J., DESSELBERGER, U. & BALL, L.A. (EDS) 2005. Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp 1258. FRAILE, A., ESCRIU, F., ARANDA, M.A., MALPICA, J.M., GIBBS, A.J. & GARCIA-ARENAL, F. 1997. A century of tobamovirus evolution in an Australian population of Nicotiana glauca. Journal of Virology 71, 8316–8320. FRITSCHI, F.B., LIN, H. & WALKER, M.A., 2007. Xylella fastidiosa population dynamics in grapevine genotypes differing in susceptibility to Pierce’s disease. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 58 (3), 326-332. FROUSSARD, P. 1992. A random-PCR method (rPCR) to construct whole cDNA library from low amounts of RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 20, 2900. MÁRQUEZ, L.M., REDMAN, R.S., RODRIGUEZ, R.J. & ROOSSINCK, M.J. 2007. A virus in a fungus in a plant: three-way symbiosis required for thermal tolerance. Science 315 (5811), 513- 515. MARTELLI, G.P. 2009. Grapevine virology highlights 2006-2009. These proceedings MARTELLI, G.P. & BOUDON-PADIEU, E. 2006. Directory of infectious diseases of grapevines. Options Méditerranéennes, Série B, 55, 279 pp. MELCHER, U., MUTHUKUMAR, V., WILEY, G.B., MIN, B.E., PALMER, M.W., VERCHOT-LUBICZ, J., NELSON, R.S., ROE, B.A., ALI, A., THAPA, V. & PIERCE, M.L. 2008. Evidence for novel viruses by analysis of nucleic acids in virus-like particle fractions from Ambrosia psilostachya. Journal of Virological Methods 152 (1-2), 49-55. MUTHUKUMAR, V., MELCHER, U., PIERCE, M., WILEY, G.B., ROE, B.A., PALMER, M.W., THAPA, V.L., ALI, A. & DING, T. 2009. Non-cultivated plants of the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve of
— 35 — northeastern Oklahoma frequently contain virus-like sequences in particulate fractions. Virus Research, 141, 169-173. OOI, K., OHSHITA, S., ISHII, I. & YAHARA, T. 1997. Molecular phylogeny of geminivirus infecting wild plants in Japan. Journal of Plant Research 110, 247–257. QUITO, D., JELKMANN, W., ALT, S., LEIBLE, S., & MARTIN, R.R. 2009. A new member of the family Reoviridae may contribute to severe crumbly fruit in 'Meeker' red raspberry. Extended Abstracts 21 st International Conference on Virus and other Graft Transmissible Diseases of Fruit Crops, Neustadt/Weinstrasse, Germany, 5-10 July 2009. RAMMING, D.W., WALKER, A.M. & LIN, H. 2007. Breeding Pierce's disease resistant table and raisin grapes and the development of markers for additional sources of resistance. In: CDFA Pierce's Disease Control Program Research Symposium, 271-273. RAYBOULD, A.F., MASKELL, L.C., EDWARDS, M.L., COOPER, J.I. & GRAY, A.J. 1999. The prevalence and spatial distribution of viruses in natural populations of Brassica oleracea. New Phytologist 141, 265–275 ROBERTSON, N.L. 2005. A newly described plant disease complex involving two distinct viruses in a native Alaskan lily Streptopus amplexifolius, Canadian Journal of Botany 83, 1257–1267. RUEL, J.J. & WALKER, M.A. 2006. Resistance to Pierce’s Disease in Muscadinia rotundifolia and Other Native Grape Species. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 58 (2), 158-165. SABANADZOVIC, S., ABOU-GHANEM, N., CASTELLANO, M.A., DIGIARO, M. & MARTELLI, G.P. 2000. Grapevine fleck viruslike viruses in Vitis. Archives of Virology 145, 553-565. SABANADZOVIC, S. & ABOU GHANEM-SABANADZOVIC, N. 2009. Unraveling the phytovirus world of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Annual Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Portland, Oregon, August 1-5, 2009. SABANADZOVIC, S. & VALVERDE, R.A. 2009. A detection method for endornaviruses from various plant species. Annual Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Portland, Oregon, August 1-5, 2009. SABANADZOVIC, S., ABOU GHANEM-SABANADZOVIC, N. & GORBALENYA, A.E. 2009a. Permutation of the active site of putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in a newly identified species of plant Alpha-like viruses. Virology (in press). SABANADZOVIC; S., ABOU GHANEM-SABANADZOVIC; N. & GORBALENYA, A.E. 2009b. Grapevine virus Q: the first plant virus with a permuted active site of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These proceedings. SABANADZOVIC, S., VALVERDE R.A., BROWN J.K., MARTIN R.R. & TZANETAKIS I.E. 2009c. Southern tomato virus: The link between the families Totiviridae and Partitiviridae. Virus Research 140, 130-137. SOULE, M.J., EASTWELL, K.C. & NAIDU, R.A., 2006. First report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 in American Vitis spp. grapevines in Washington State. Plant Disease 90, 1461. SWANSON, M.M., FRASER, G., DANIELL, T.J., TORRANCE, L., GREGORY, P.J. & TALIANSKY, M. 2009. Viruses in soils: morphological diversity and abundance in the rhizosphere. Annals of Applied Biology doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00319.x TIAN, T., KLAASSEN, V.A., SOONG, J., WISLER, G., DUFFUS, J.E. & FALK, B.W. 1996. Generation of cDNAs specific to lettuce infectious yellows closterovirus and other whitefly-transmitted viruses by RT-PCR and degenerated Oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the closterovirus gene encoding the heat shock protein 70 homolog. Phytopathology 86,1167-1172. VALVERDE, R.A., NAMETH, S.T. & JORDAN, R.L.,1990. Analysis of double-stranded RNA for plant virus diagnosis. Plant Disease 74, 255-258. WREN, J.D., ROOSSINCK, M.J., NELSON, R.S., SCHEETS, K., PALMER, M.W. & MELCHER, U. 2006. Plant virus biodiversity and ecology. PLoS Biology 4(3), e80. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was partially supported by grant from Discover Life in America Inc. and Special Research Initiative Award from the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station. Approved for publication as a Journal Article No ------- of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University Progrès Agricole et Viticole, 2009, Hors Série – Extended abstracts 16 th Meeting of ICVG, Dijon, France, 31 Aug – 4 Sept 2009
Page 3 and 4: 16th Meeting of the International C
Page 5 and 6: AVANT-PROPOS Nous sommes très heur
Page 7 and 8: Content - Sommaire Page Partners an
Page 9 and 10: Session IV - Epidemiology - Survey
Page 11 and 12: Poster 51 Poster 52 Poster 53 Poste
Page 13 and 14: Identification and distribution of
Page 15 and 16: — 15 — GRAPEVINE VIROLOGY HIGHL
Page 17 and 18: — 17 — were found, in that a va
Page 19 and 20: — 19 — Likewise, an antibody bi
Page 21 and 22: — 21 — LITERATURE ABOU GHANEM-S
Page 23 and 24: — 23 — ORECCHIA, M., NOELKE, G.
Page 25 and 26: — 25 — immunoassays, either ELI
Page 27 and 28: — 27 — ENGELBRECHT, D.J. & KASD
Page 29 and 30: — 29 — NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN UNDE
Page 31 and 32: — 31 — LIU, Y.-P., PEREMYSLOV,
Page 33: — 33 — RESULTS AND DISCUSSION O
Page 37 and 38: — 37 — viruses multiple primers
Page 39 and 40: — 39 — glass planar microarrays
Page 41 and 42: — 41 — Fig. 2. Part of a Micros
Page 43 and 44: — 43 — Complete sequencing of G
Page 45 and 46: — 45 — slightly bigger molecule
Page 47 and 48: — 47 — result suggests that the
Page 49 and 50: — 49 — ELISA. Rootstock samples
Page 51 and 52: — 51 — acquisition and analysis
Page 53 and 54: — 53 — identity at the protein
Page 55 and 56: — 55 — The sequences obtained w
Page 57 and 58: — 57 — MULLIS, K. & FALOONA, F.
Page 59 and 60: — 59 — qualitative level among
Page 61 and 62: — 61 — incidence of negative se
Page 63 and 64: — 63 — Madeira Islands. Eight a
Page 65 and 66: — 65 — stylet on actively growi
Page 67 and 68: — 67 — ANDRET-LINK, P. & FUCHS,
Page 69 and 70: — 69 — IDENTIFICATION OF PLASMO
Page 71 and 72: — 71 — SYMPTOM DETERMINANTS ON
Page 73 and 74: — 73 — RECOMBINATION EVENTS IN
Page 75 and 76: — 75 — THE SPECIFICITY OF GFLV
Page 77 and 78: — 77 — PARTIAL RNA-2 SEQUENCE O
Page 79 and 80: — 79 — CHARACTERIZATION OF RASP
Page 81 and 82: — 81 — ISOLATION OF MOVEMENT PR
Page 83 and 84: — 83 — REAL-TIME PCR OF GRAPEVI
Page 85 and 86:
— 85 — FIRST RECORDS OF ARABIS
Page 87 and 88:
— 87 — primers allow us to quan
Page 89 and 90:
— 89 — transgenic grape lines,
Page 91 and 92:
— 91 — highest values were obse
Page 93 and 94:
— 93 — Imura et al., 2008, Loud
Page 95 and 96:
— 95 — GFLV-F13. Low levels of
Page 97 and 98:
— 97 — This is probably due to
Page 99 and 100:
— 99 — variation was distribute
Page 101 and 102:
— 101 — Figure 1. Proportion of
Page 103 and 104:
— 103 — were produced. The prod
Page 105 and 106:
— 105 — 2007 positive results w
Page 107 and 108:
— 107 — dehydrogenase (GAPDH) t
Page 109 and 110:
— 109 — detected, either as sin
Page 111 and 112:
— 111 — basal leaf tissue inclu
Page 113 and 114:
— 113 — GLRaV-3 incidence cover
Page 115 and 116:
— 115 — Figure 2. Frequency of
Page 117 and 118:
— 117 — Ljutun, Mladenka, Nincu
Page 119 and 120:
— 119 — ELISA reagent used in t
Page 121 and 122:
— 121 — Due the late season the
Page 123 and 124:
— 123 — RT-PCR & PCR: Primers f
Page 125 and 126:
— 125 — Table 2. Sanitary statu
Page 127 and 128:
— 127 — SANITARY STATUS OF AUTO
Page 129 and 130:
— 129 — THE VIRUS STATUS OF GRA
Page 131:
— 131 — PRESENCE OF GLRAV 1, 2,
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