Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - the USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Wind Cave National Park photo by H. Marriott Figure 18. A needle-and-thread - blue grama grassland on a small hill with a high proportion of leadplant. Two herbaceous types were newly created for this project. The purple three-awn - fetid marigold herbaceous vegetation ( Prairie Dog Town Grassland Complex) is a type created to classify the vegetation occurring in prairie dog towns. Purple three-awn is often locally dominant both in the study area, and in other parts of the Black Hills. However, dominance varies locally as would be expected in this highly disturbed habitat. Big-bract verbena and fetid marigold are two of the more consistently present and common species. The Introduced Weedy Graminoid type is found throughout the Black Hills. This type includes stands of introduced graminoids growing on disturbed sites. The most common species are smooth brome, japanese brome and cheatgrass. The diverse riparian vegetation occurring along many of the streams and wet meadows in the study area was classified using three riparian/wet meadow herbaceous types. Other types could have been included but these only occurred as small patches, which is typical for riparian types. Results 39
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Wind Cave National Park The prairie cordgrass - sedge community is found around seeps, springs and along slow-moving shallow streams. Cordgrass is not always present, and some stands could have been classified as Nebraska sedge communities if they were larger. A stand of pale spikerush herbaceous vegetation was found and sampled in a shallow pond within a large prairie dog town. The Western Great Plains Streamside Vegetation community is well developed along stretches of Highland and Beaver Creeks and is widespread at lower elevations throughout the Black Hills (Marriott pers. obs.). Five sparse vegetation types are recognized for the study area. The Black Hills Rock Outcrop type (granites and schists) is found predominately in the northwest corner of the study area with much smaller outcrops in the Park. The Ponderosa Pine Limestone Cliff type occurs as small limestone outcrops associated with some of the larger streams in the central part of the Park. Redbeds Sparse Vegetation lies on small, badland-like exposures of the red Spearfish Formation in the Red Valley. Gypsum lenses are usually interspersed with this type. The Shale Barren Slope type is found in the outermost Hogback Rim region of the Black Hills, east of Boland Ridge. All exposures of this type within the study areas are privately owned and not accessible for survey. The Recent Burn sparse vegetation type was developed for this project. It includes recently burned stands, usually ponderosa pine, where the fire was sufficiently hot to kill most of the vegetation. Species composition was variable, consisting of early, often weedy and exotic, invaders such as Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Vegetation Map Production Map units Thirty-eight map classes were recognized and used for WICA (Table 4). These were divided into 32 vegetation and geology units and six Anderson Level II (Anderson et al. 1976) land-use classes. These were developed through a combination of fieldwork, preliminary photo interpretation, and the NVCS vegetation association classification for WICA. Deviations from Results 40
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - the USGS

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