Annual Report 2006 - Ev-K2-CNR

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ar2006 19-09-2007 10:36 Pagina 16 SHARE - Stations at High Altitude for Research on the Environment The Ev-K2-CNR Committee participates in the project CEOP (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period) since 2001 with a reference site (Pyramid AWS, at 5,050 m a.s.l) and with three more complementary stations installed along the Khumbu Valley (Nepal) from 2,660 to 4,260 m a.s.l. CEOP is a project developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to understand and model the influence of hydroclimate processes on global atmospheric circulation and on modifications of water resources availability and to study the interactions between aerosols and the water cycle. In the second phase of the project, which will start in 2007, the AWSs installed in Pakistan will be included in the CEOP network. in particular: the behaviour of hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic models in a complex topography at different resolutions, applied to ideal and real case studies, convection and the orographic wave, the effect on temporal integration scheme, the implementation of horizontal resolution of some km to describe local circulation, effects at the surface and precipitation, compared with local and satellite observations. In 2001 CEM began using instruments to study meteo-climatic characteristics in the Himalayan Region through atmospheric circulation modelling simulation, in line with the CEOP strategy recommending the integrated use of different data sources (models, satellites, ground based stations). The data collected from the AWSs are validated by the Epson Meteo Centre (CEM) which also performs modelling studies using mesoscale regional models. They have been analysing BACKGROUND AND POLLUTED ATMOSPHERE IN THE HIMALAYA Principal investigator: Dr. Paolo Bonasoni – CNR Institute of Atmosphere Sciences and Climate Since February 2006 the ABC-Pyramid station is operative at 5,079 m a.s.l. near the Pyramid International Laboratory Observatory in Nepal, carrying out several measurements, as reported in table 3. Figure 8 The map of ABC observatories deployment, including the Maldives Climate Observatory-Hanimaadhoo (MCO-H), the Maldives Climate Observatory-Gan (MCO-G), the Indian Climate Observatory-Pune (ICo-P), the Indian Climate Observatory- Kharagpur (ICO-K), the Nepal Climate Observatory-GVR (NCO-G), the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P), the Thailand Climate Observatory-Phimai (TCO-P), the Japan Climate Observatory-Okinawa (JCO-O), the Korea Climate Observatory- Gosan (KCO-G), the Pacific Climate Observatory-Momote (PCO- MT), the Pacific Climate Observatory-Midway (PCO-MW), the Pacific Climate Observatory-MaunaLoa (PCO-ML). and the National Atmosphere and Climate Observatory-Trinidad Head (NACO-T) The station is part of the International UNEP-ABC Project and NASA/GSFC-AERONET Network. ABC (Project Atmospheric Brown Clouds) is a project promoted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) that aims to implement an aerosol and pollutants species monitoring network to study their impact on the physical-climate system at a regional and global scale, as well as on agriculture and human health. AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) is a NASA monitoring network of more than 100 sun photometers around the world. Data are sent from the stations in real time to the NASA-AERONET website. The main objective of the project is to analyze aerosol optical properties and validate aerosol satellite measurements. The GAW project is also interested in including this observatory in its network as a “Contributing GAW station”. GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) is a WMO Project which aims to contribute to the study of environmental problems through chemical-physics atmospheric measurements on a regional and global scale. Implementation of this laboratory able to perform continuous measurements of atmospheric compounds (aerosol, trace gases…) at high altitude has been made possible thanks to the collaboration between Ev-K 2 -CNR, CNR-ISAC 14 | 15
ar2006 19-09-2007 10:36 Pagina 17 and CNRS- Université Blaise Pascal and Urbino University. The energy needed to ensure functioning of the instruments is provided by a dedicated power supply system made up of 14 fields of 8 groups of solar panels, each able to produce a total power of 16.8 kW. The energy accumulation system is made up of 120 batteries of 48 V-2.500 Ah. Instrument functioning, battery status and other information on laboratory conditions are remote controlled thanks to the implementation of a dedicated telecontrolled system and data transfer. The parameters measured are sent in real time to http://evk2.isac.cnr.it/realtime.html via satellite connection. In Autumn 2006 an external webcam was installed at the ABC station. The webcam is also remote controlled and is used for checking the instruments in real time. The first 8 months of activity confirmed that the non negligible presence of pollutants (particulate and black carbon) concentrations in the Himalayan region at 5.000 m a.s.l. during monsoon season. The presence of air masses rich in mineral aerosols coming from the desert, and events connected to the Stratospheric-Tropospheric Exchange phenomena with the intrusion of high ozone concentration have also been identified and monitored. INRiM activities, within their RATEAP Project have furthermore made it possible to obtain indications on composition and concentration of metals found in high altitude atmospheric particulate matter. TABLE 3 - MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED BY THE ABC-PYRAMID OBSERVATORY, PART OF THE ABC-UNEP PROJECT Measured parameter air temperature Reflected radiation Aerosol number concentration and size distribution (10nm to 32µm) Black carbon concentration Total and back scattering coefficient Aerosol optical depth Surface ozone concentrations Greenhouse gases concentration Chemical mass closure of aerosol Meteorological parameters Trace Element concentration DMPS/SMPS, OPC-GRIMM 190 Multi Angle Absorption Photometer INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER-TSI 3563 CIMEL THERMO 49C Flask sampling Filter sampling VAISALA WAS-425 Filter sampling continous continous continous continous continous continous continous continous discrete annual report 2006
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