TypeScript Language Specification v1.5

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3.7.1 Predefined Types The any, number, boolean, string, and void keywords reference the Any type and the Number, Boolean, String, and Void primitive types respectively. PredefinedType: any number boolean string void The predefined type keywords are reserved and cannot be used as names of user defined types. 3.7.2 Type References A type reference references a named type or type parameter through its name and, in the case of a generic type, supplies a type argument list. TypeReference: TypeName [no LineTerminator here] TypeArguments opt TypeName: Identifier ModuleName . Identifier ModuleName: Identifier ModuleName . Identifier A TypeReference consists of a TypeName that a references a named type or type parameter. A reference to a generic type must be followed by a list of TypeArguments (section 3.5.2). Resolution of a TypeName consisting of a single identifier is described in section 2.4. Resolution of a TypeName of the form M.N, where M is a ModuleName and N is an Identifier, proceeds by first resolving the module name M. If the resolution of M is successful and the resulting module contains an exported named type N, then M.N refers to that member. Otherwise, M.N is undefined. Resolution of a ModuleName consisting of a single identifier is described in section 2.4. Resolution of a ModuleName of the form M.N, where M is a ModuleName and N is an Identifier, proceeds by first resolving the module name M. If the resolution of M is successful and the resulting module contains an exported module member N, then M.N refers to that member. Otherwise, M.N is undefined. A type reference to a generic type is required to specify exactly one type argument for each type parameter of the referenced generic type, and each type argument must be assignable to (section 3.10.4) the constraint of the corresponding type parameter or otherwise an error occurs. An example: 36
interface A { a: string; } interface B extends A { b: string; } interface C extends B { c: string; } interface G { x: T; y: U; } var v1: G; // Ok var v2: G; // Ok, equivalent to G var v3: G; // Error, A not valid argument for U var v4: G; // Ok var v5: G; // Ok var v6: G; // Error, wrong number of arguments var v7: G; // Error, no arguments A type argument is simply a Type and may itself be a type reference to a generic type, as demonstrated by 'v4' in the example above. As described in section 3.6, a type reference to a generic type G designates a type wherein all occurrences of G's type parameters have been replaced with the actual type arguments supplied in the type reference. For example, the declaration of 'v1' above is equivalent to: var v1: { x: { a: string; } y: { a: string; b: string; c: string }; }; 3.7.3 Object Type Literals An object type literal defines an object type by specifying the set of members that are statically considered to be present in instances of the type. Object type literals can be given names using interface declarations but are otherwise anonymous. ObjectType: { TypeBody opt } TypeBody: TypeMemberList ; opt TypeMemberList: TypeMember TypeMemberList ; TypeMember 37
Page 1 and 2: TypeScript Language Specification V
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..
Page 5 and 6: 4.9.1 Standard Function Expressions
Page 7 and 8: 9.1 Enum Declarations .............
Page 9 and 10: 1 Introduction JavaScript applicati
Page 11 and 12: 1.1 Ambient Declarations An ambient
Page 13 and 14: call '$' as a function. The behavio
Page 15 and 16: function getX(p: Point) { return p.
Page 17 and 18: This TypeScript class declaration c
Page 19 and 20: Section 9 describes how programmers
Page 21 and 22: Interface definitions, like the one
Page 23 and 24: TypeScript modules provide a mechan
Page 25 and 26: 2 Basic Concepts The remainder of t
Page 27 and 28: Each enum declaration has a declara
Page 29: When an identifier is resolved as a
Page 32 and 33: which infers the type of 'x' to be
Page 34 and 35: The only possible values for the Vo
Page 36 and 37: interface Array { length: number; [
Page 38 and 39: 3.4 Union Types Union types represe
Page 40 and 41: 3.5 Type Parameters A type paramete
Page 42 and 43: 3.6 Named Types Classes, interfaces
Page 46 and 47: TypeMember: PropertySignature CallS
Page 48 and 49: 3.7.8 Constructor Type Literals A c
Page 50 and 51: 3.8.2 Call Signatures A call signat
Page 52 and 53: RestParameter: ... Identifier TypeA
Page 54 and 55: IndexSignature: [ Identifier : stri
Page 56 and 57: Type aliases are referenced using t
Page 58 and 59: o o If each type in U has an appare
Page 60 and 61: o o o M is a non-specialized call o
Page 62 and 63: 3.10.5 Contextual Signature Instant
Page 64 and 65: interface List { data: T; next: Lis
Page 66 and 67: 4.3 Identifiers When an expression
Page 68 and 69: of the object literal includes a nu
Page 70 and 71: A super call invokes the constructo
Page 72 and 73: ( id ) => { ... } ( id ) => expr Th
Page 74 and 75: A dot notation property access of t
Page 76 and 77: If func is of type Any, or of an ob
Page 78 and 79: An example: signature are fixed, an
Page 80 and 81: This rule means that the call to 'f
Page 82 and 83: 4.14.4 The delete Operator The 'del
Page 84 and 85: Any Boolean Number String Other Any
Page 86 and 87: where ??= is one of the compound as
Page 88 and 89: 4.18 The Comma Operator The comma o
Page 90 and 91: function foo(x: number | string) {
Page 92 and 93: function processValue(value: number
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5 Statements This chapter describes
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BindingProperty: Identifier Initial
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Similarly, an array destructuring d
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5.5 Continue Statements A 'continue
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6 Functions TypeScript extends Java
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function f(x: number) { if (x
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When the output target is ECMAScrip
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101
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An interface has the members specif
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interface Document { createElement(
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8 Classes TypeScript supports class
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The following constraints must be s
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Private and protected accessibility
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interface A { x: number; f: () => v
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ConstructorOverloads: ConstructorOv
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BaseClass.apply(this, arguments); a
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Initializer expressions for instanc
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var x = A.create(); // new A() var
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MemberVariableAssignments is a sequ
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In addition, the '__extends' functi
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9 Enums An enum type is a distinct
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An identifier or property access th
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var Color; (function (Color) { Colo
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If the declaration of 'M' above had
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module A { export interface X { s:
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module outer { var local = 1; expor
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where ModuleName is the name of the
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DeclarationElement: ExportAssignmen
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that source file is considered an e
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Unlike a non-instantiated internal
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import g = require("./geometry"); v
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12.1.3 Ambient Class Declarations A
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An ExternalImportDeclaration in an
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PrimaryType: ParenthesizedType Pred
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ParameterList: RequiredParameterLis
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UnaryExpression: ( Modified ) … <
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ClassExtendsClause: extends ClassTy
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ModuleBody: ModuleElements opt Modu
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AmbientClassBodyElements: AmbientCl
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TypeScript Language Specification v1.5

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