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16 Tropical Cyclone Pam, March 2015 3.1 Productive Sectors 3.1.1 Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries Summary For the purpose of this PDNA, the agricultural sector is defined to include the crops, livestock, fishery, and forestry subsectors. The sector is dominated by crops, which represented 79% of the agriculture sector contribution to GDP in 2013, significantly higher than livestock (14%), forestry (5%), and fisheries (3%). Total agriculture sector damage and losses caused by Tropical Cyclone Pam are estimated to be slightly less than VT6.1 billion. Total agriculture sector damage and losses caused by Tropical Cyclone Pam are estimated to be slightly less than VT 6.1 billion. Consistent with its share in sector GDP, the crop subsector was the most affected (69%), followed by forestry (16%), livestock (9%), and fishery (6%) (see Figure 5). Permanent crops, such as kava, banana, coconut, cocoa, and coffee, were the most impacted by the cyclone, but seasonal crops (vegetables) and annual crops (cassava, taro) also suffered important losses. Livestock subsector damage and losses occurred mainly in Shefa and Tafea Provinces, mostly for commercial poultry farms and for pigs and apiculture activities. In the forestry subsector, damage to infrastructure and trees affected the timber industry in Tafea and Shefa. The fishery sector was also affected, with the heaviest impact on artisanal fisheries and commercial aquaculture. Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector Background The agriculture sector represented approximately 25% of the VT 75.8 billion GDP in 2013. Approximately 80% of Vanuatu’s population relies on agriculture (mainly crops, livestock, and fisheries) for livelihood and food and nutrition security, and at least 71% of the rural population derives some income from agricultural activities (VNSO 2013). Vanuatu’s agriculture sector is dominated by semi-subsistence farmers using mostly household labor, who are located in tiny village communities spread throughout the archipelago. Food is the most important household expenditure item among rural households, representing 56% of total household expenditure, with the large share of the value of this expenditure being for home consumption among subsistence farmers. 7 7 Based on the Vanuatu 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey, Vanuatu National Statistic Office, Port Vila, Vanuatu. Figure 5. Agriculture Damage and Losses by Subsector and Affected Province (VT million) Livestock 546 9% Forestry 951 16% Malampa 691 11% Shefa 1,866 31% Crops 4,175 69% Damage and losses by subsector Fisheries 391 6% Penama 2,023 33% Damage and losses by affected province Tafea 1,483 24%
Vanuatu | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 17 Crops. Dominant food crops include taro, yam, banana, plantain, peanut, corn, and leafy vegetables. Copra, kava, and cocoa are the major export crops and important sources of cash income for many rural households. Some 80% of semi-subsistence households derive income from copra, while 30% to 40% of households also receive income from cocoa and kava. However, due to logistical constraints associated with the geographical isolation of many islands, rural households find it difficult to access markets for cash crops, particularly in the most remote areas. Livestock. Most rural households also raise livestock such as chickens (64%), pigs (45%), and cattle (29%) (VNSO 2009). Vanuatu also has commercial poultry, pig farming, and beef industries, and exports premium beef mainly to Japan and other Pacific countries. Forestry. The forests of Vanuatu occupy around 70% of the country’s total land area (about 1.2 million ha. 8 ) Forests and forest products play a significant role in supporting ni-Vanuatu livelihoods by providing food, clean water, fuel, medicine, and income. Fisheries. Subsistence and commercial fisheries and harvest of coastal resources are a mainstay of food security throughout Vanuatu. The fisheries sector (including aquaculture) involves 15,758 households (VNSO 2008). Fish supply for direct consumption was 7,657 tons in 2007, and annual fish consumption is 33.6kg per capita. Nearly all households in coastal villages (32% of all households in Vanuatu) are involved in coastal fishing activities at different levels of intensity. About 6% of households in the country are engaged in fishing activities for sale purposes. Assessment of Disaster Effects on the Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector The loss in production and income has been assessed and estimated for the most affected crops using an initial mapping-based assessment by the World Food Program, with additional refinement from key sector experts. Description of damage to agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fisheries sector Crops. The total damage to the crops subsector was assessed at VT 132 million. 9 Most of the damage refers to total or partial destruction to nurseries, driers, and pulperies; damage to agriculture sector public buildings and machinery; and damage to permanent cash crops such as coconut, coffee, and cocoa. Damage in the crops subsector accounts for around 9% of total damage to the sector. Most of the damage occurred in Shefa and Tafea, as Table 3 shows, and reflects damage to agricultural infrastructure. Livestock. The estimated damage to the livestock subsector was VT 282.7 million, which represents around 20% of total damage to the sector (Table 3). Impacts on the livestock subsector included damage to infrastructure and loss of animals, mostly poultry in Shefa Province and pigs in Tafea, along with damage to fences, chicken sheds, and beehives. 8 This is based on 1998 data from FAO (2006). 9 Key parameters for the estimates included the estimated level of the damage (percentage), the average number of plants/trees cultivated for each crop, the expected income or yield, and the farm gate price. A seasonal crop calendar was used in order to cross-reference accuracy of the findings in terms of the magnitude of production losses. The cost for replanting root crops was not considered because most farmers will procure planting material at no cost (from nondamaged crops).
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152 Tropical Cyclone Pam, March 201
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Between March 12 and 14, 2015, Trop
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