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30 Tropical Cyclone Pam, March 2015 Aerial view of damaged hotel. Source: X-craft. Reproduced with permission; further permission required for reuse. Tourism Sector Background Visitor arrivals were at record levels in 2014, with approximately two-thirds of arrivals coming by cruise ship and one-third by air. Over the last five years, cruise ship passenger arrivals have grown at approximately 15% per year. The number of cruise passengers grew to 240,000 in 2013, which translates to 490,000 passenger days, with Australians the main source market (over 90% of passengers) for the cruise ship sector. 20 Cruise ship visitation is in the form of day visits, with Port Vila, Luganville, and Mystery Island hosting 85% of all cruise ship calls to Vanuatu. Tourism arrivals by air have grown at around 6.8% per year for the last 10 years, which is higher than the global average of around 4%. 21 Limited marketing funds have constrained further arrivals growth, with the Vanuatu Tourism Office’s budget of VT 159 million considerably lower than competitors’, such as Samoa (VT 310 million) and Fiji (VT 1.3 billion). 22 Vanuatu source markets are the three short-haul markets of Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. Australia is by far the largest market (60%), followed by New Zealand (13%) and New Caledonia (12%). 23 The average length of stay is eight nights. Assessment of Disaster Effects on the Tourism Sector Based on information collected from accommodation and tour operators, it is estimated that Tropical Cyclone Pam has produced damage of around VT 5.9 billion and will lead to losses of VT 3.6 billion over the next six months. Accommodation represents the subsector that has incurred the highest damage and loss (VT 8.4 billion in total). As to the geographical spread, Shefa represents the province most affected by damage and losses to the tourism sector (97% of total effects). The economic impact of these losses is mirrored by a significant social impact, including employment repercussions, especially for female employees. 20 Data are from Vanuatu’s Department of Tourism. 21 Tourists’ reasons for travel include holiday, business, or visits to friends and relatives. Holiday tourists represent 82% of tourists. World Bank data on arrivals trends can be found at http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT. ARVL/countries?display=default. 22 The data are from an IFC analysis. 23 Data are from VNSO.
Vanuatu | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 31 Description of damage and losses for the tourism sector Damage from the cyclone varied from minor repairs to major structural damage to buildings, facilities, and land caused by wind and water. While a small number of operators are functioning in Port Vila, the major operators have closed for a three-month period to assess and repair damage, including major resort operator Warwick Le Lagon. Two of the other major operators are scheduled for longer closure periods, including Holiday Inn (six months) and Iririki Island Resort (nine months). These three resorts are the major brands associated with Vanuatu, and account for around 30% of room stock on Efate. Tour operators were also significantly damaged, with initial reports from the Department of Tourism indicating that 88% of operators reported damage in Shefa. Accommodation and tour operators in Tanna were also considerably damaged by Tropical Cyclone Pam, with only half of the rooms currently operational. Initial anecdotal reports indicate that most of the accommodation and tour subsectors do not have adequate insurance cover to claim on the damage and losses caused by the cyclone. The delay in trade and repairs has both revenue and financial costs. Additional financial costs are incurred by the need for additional credit to carry out repairs that are not covered by insurance. Subsector Damage Losses Total Effects Private (%) Public (%) Accommodation 5,630,054 2,780,568 8,410,622 100 0 Tours 278,177 829,033 1,107,210 100 0 Sector Total 5,908,231 3,609,601 9,517,832 100 0 Table 15. Damage and Loss to the Tourism Sector (VT 1,000) Province Damage Losses Total Effects Private (%) Public (%) Malampa 1,000 8,630 9,630 100 0 Penama 4,000 20,000 24,000 100 0 Shefa 5,775,898 3,455,426 9,231,324 100 0 Tafea 127,333 31,982 159,315 100 0 Sanma N/A 93,563 93,563 100 0 Total 5,908,231 3,609,601 9,517,832 100 0 Table 16. Distribution of Damage and Loss in the Tourism Sector by Province (VT 1,000) Note: N/A = not applicable. Recovery Strategy and Needs Tourism is a critically important sector of the Vanuatu economy, with significant impacts on GDP and employment. Support is now required to ensure that the sector fully recovers after Tropical Cyclone Pam. Of all the productive sectors, tourism has the greatest potential for fast recovery. The recovery will require funding allocations to three items: 1. Reestablishment and rebuilding of business operations, done to appropriate standards and with inspections by engineers. 2. Restoration of consumer confidence in the Vanuatu brand 3. Research on microinsurance schemes to increase future resilience
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152 Tropical Cyclone Pam, March 201
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Between March 12 and 14, 2015, Trop
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