(1978). On Facilitating Networks for Social Change ... - INSNA

- 4 9 -. . . Abstracts, cont'd .Peter KappelhoffUniversitat Wien, Vienna, Austria .A Contribution to the Structural Analysis of Primary EnvironmentsThe paper first discusses some strategies for the decomposition of contexts with regard to multilevelanalysis . The importance of primary environments as intervening variables in the classical twolevelmodel is emphasized . Given a network of friendship relations various methods are available for thedetection of cliques . After a critique of these methods on theoretical and practical grounds a newprocedure is proposed which is based on a implicit clique definition . Zones of relative clustering(ZRCs) are determined by cutting procedures ("weak ties") and a corresponding algorithm is offered whichis specially suited for large networks . A metric (modified path distance) based characterization of thesociometric structure of the ZRCs follows . An index characterizing the homogeneity of markings (individualattributes) in relation to the metric structure of the ZRCs on the basis of a random model is alsodiscussed (a computer program for all these procedures written in Fortran is available from the author) .Strukturanalyse sozialer Netzwerke mit Hilfe von Blockmodellen(Structural Analysis of Social Networks by Means of Blockmodels)Original Language :GermanThis paper gives a summarizing discussion of blockmodel analysis developed by the H . White group .First it discusses the problem of aggregation in network analysis and various definitions of structuralequivalence . The main theoretical idea of blockmodel analysis - the zeroblock criterion - is contrastedwith the more traditional ways of network analysis, especially component analysis and clique analysis .After a brief example the various methods and algorithms for blockmodel analysis (Blocker, Concor,Principal components analysis) are introduced . It follows an outline of the analysis of role structuresand the detection of stable structural kernels by means of joint homomorphic reductions . Finally, thepotentiallity of applications of blockmodel analysis in sociology is discussed .Markt- and Metzwerkansatz bei der Analyse von Machtbeziehungen :Kollektive Entscheidungen als Tausch von Kontrolle(Market and Network Approach to the Analysis of Power Relations :Collective Decisions as Exchange of Control .)Original Language :GermanThis paper is a critique of the Coleman-model (CM) of collective action and an attempt to overcomesome of the difficulties of the CM by integrating network concepts into the model . The assumptions ofthe model discussed are : fixed set of actors and events, "homo economicus"- concept, closed system,probabilistic decision rule, perfect market assumption, rule of proportional allocation of resources,and static equilibrium analysis . The implications of the assumed perfect market of control for thenation of power in the model are discussed in the light of results of social exchange theories . Otherconceptualisations of power which differentiate between power resources and power positions lead to anincorporation of the network of potential exchange relations into the model . Various strategies forthe determination of power positions in the extended model are proposed .