(1978). On Facilitating Networks for Social Change ... - INSNA

. . . Abstracts, cont'd .The article is organized into three main sections . First, elements of structure in interorganizationalnetworks are discussed . These include problems of definition and selection of nodes, problemsconcerning linkages or media exchanged among nodes, and problems dealing with the modalities of networkformation among organizations . Our second principal emphasis involves processes within networks . Thisincludes discussion of processes of formation and regularization of interorganizational networks, processesleading to the mobilization of individual organizations or sub-networks around specific publicpolicy concerns, and the transformative or combinatorial processes by which interorganizational actionwithin networks affects policy outcomes . Our last section discusses the relation between organizationsand the more traditional units of analysis in community studies, individuals and status groups . Herewe are especially concerned with matters of interest formation, control, and accountability . Throughout,we attempt to delineate some avenues along which refinement of the metaphors of network and exchangemight progress .Robert L . MoxleyNorth Carolina State UniversityMarginality-Centrality, Household Differentiation, andGenerational Differences in a Communal Social Network in PeruForthcoming in International Journal of ContemporarySociology .An hypothesis suggested by Frank and Ruth Young's study of families in Mexico is that an increasein a family's relative centrality in a communal network will lead to an increase in household differentiationrelative to other families . Centrality is measured by family position in networks formed by linkagesthrough godparenthood and affinal and generational kin ties . Differentiation of households is measuredby a level-of-living index developed especially for peasant households . A path analytic diachronicmodel is used to test the relationship between relative centrality and differentiation to discoverwhether centrality predicts differentiation or whether the reverse may be true . The findings for olderfamilies indicate that neither predicts the other to a significantly greater degree . But for the youngerfamilies the differentiation variable is clearly the more predictive variable in the relationship .This is just the reverse of the Youngs' hypothesis . Even more unexpected is the finding that it is themarginal families which are more likely to differentiate than the relatively central families . Implicationsfor an urgent reconsideration of research on the "marginal men" concept and for applied programsare discussed .Elinor Ostrom, Roger B . Parks, and Gordon P . WhitakerPatterns of Metropolitan PolicingForthcoming in (Cambridge, Mass .) Ballinger BooksA volume devoted to a description of the interorganizational arrangements for policing in 80 U .S .metropolitan areas . Using service recipients and agencies as basic units of analysis, the pattern ofexchange relationships among units is recorded in a structural matrix . From these matrices, measures ofpolice industry structure are computed . Measures include fragmentation, multiplicity, independence,autonomy, coordination, alternation, and dominance . Two methodological chapters are included . One ofthem describes the matrix methodology developed for describing industry structure . The other discussesthe data base and data collection methods . The data from this study are on file with the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor . Theremaining chapters are substantive, focussing on each of the police services included in the study anddescribing the organization and interorganization arrangements for their delivery .