Technology Today 2007 Issue 1 - Raytheon

Technology 

Today 

HIGHLIGHTING RAYTHEON’S TECHNOLOGY 

RAYTHEON HOMELAND SECURITY 

Keeping our nation strong and our people safe 

2007 Issue 1

A Message From Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence 

Have a question? 

Ask Taylor 

at: http://www.ray.com/rayeng 

2 2007 ISSUE 1 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY 

Vice President of Engineering, Technology and Mission Assurance 

With the start of a new year, I thought it was important that I visit as many of you 

as possible to share my vision for the future of Engineering, Technology and 

Mission Assurance (ET&MA), to hear your feedback, and to address your questions 

and concerns. I have almost completed my visits to all of the businesses, where I 

have provided an update on the recent changes in ET&MA, and highlighted our 

strategy for achieving our goals for customer satisfaction, growth, productivity and 

fostering an inclusive, world-class employee community in 2007. 

This year also began with a new addition to the ET&MA leadership team. In 

January, I announced Heidi Shyu as vice president, Corporate Technology and 

Research, reporting to me. In this role, Heidi is responsible for the development and 

execution of an integrated enterprise-wide technology and research vision and 

strategy, as well as our Enabling Technology Program and emerging disruptive 

technology efforts. We are very privileged to have Heidi serving in such a critical 

role for the company. 

This will be an important year for Raytheon — a year in which we will be looking 

to redefine our core markets by leveraging our strengths in technology and innovation 

to help us grow in adjacent markets and our Strategic Business Areas (SBAs). 

As you know, one of these SBAs is Homeland Security. We live in an uncertain 

world where the threat of terrorism is ever present. Therefore, we must continue to 

be vigilant. 

This issue of Technology Today examines our work in the homeland security arena, 

led by IIS President Mike Keebaugh and Homeland Security SBA Vice President 

Courtney Banks. Our homeland security technology reach extends both domestically 

and around the world. Some of our products and programs include the 

Advanced Spectroscopic Portal, Project Athena, Vigilant Eagle and Silent Guardian. 

All technologies are being rolled out as comprehensive solutions to evolving 

threats. We are also pioneering the way in the international market with SAFETY 

Act-style provisions that help protect U.S.-based technology providers who provide 

homeland security technologies to other countries. 

While we all hope for a more peaceful world, our customers must always be 

prepared. They rely on us to make sure they are prepared, and it is our duty to 

provide the best products and services to detect, protect against and respond to 

threats. Our national security and homeland defense depend on it. 

Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence

Technology Today is published 

quarterly by the Office of Engineering, 

Technology and Mission Assurance 

Vice President 

Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence 

Managing Editors 

Mardi Balgochian 

Lee Ann Sousa 

Editorial Assistant 

John Cacciatore 

Art Director 

Debra Graham 

Expert Reviewer 

Kevin Marler 

Publication Coordinator 

Carol Danner 

Contributors 

Chuck Albert 

David Albritton 

Carol Blymire 

Michael Booen 

Jay Dennis 

Kristin Patterson Jones 

Mary Petryszyn 

Kate Pickworth 

Larri Rosser 

Vanessa Rubino 

Scott Slade 

Carol Sobel 

Jon Spaeth 

Sharon Stein 

Charlene Wheeless 

Dale Wolse 

Kevin Wynn 

INSIDE THIS ISSUE 

A Homeland Security Overview: Insight from 

HLS Vice President Courtney Banks 4 

Protecting U.S. Borders: Highlighting Two New Products 8 

Emergency Patient Tracking System 11 

SAFETY Act 12 

International Security 14 

High-Tech Military Defense Systems Go Commercial: 

Raytheon’s Vigilant Eagle and Silent Guardian 16 

Leadership Perspective: Mike Keebaugh 19 

Eye on Technology 

Architecture and Systems Integration 20 

Processing 22 

EO/Lasers 24 

RF Systems 25 

Materials and Structures 27 

National Guard Information Technology Conference 28 

EKV Harness Team Award 29 

Col. Kerry Kachejian Wins MOAA Reserve Award 

for Leadership Excellence 30 

Dr. William Hoke Honored with Innovator Award 31 

Future Raytheon Events 32 

Raytheon Certified Architect Program 32 

MathMovesU to Succeed 33 

Patent Recognition 34 

EDITOR’S NOTE 

The world has changed. All you need do is turn on the television to see that our way of 

life is being threatened around the globe and even closer — on our own soil. If 9/11 

taught us nothing else, it’s that we cannot be complacent about our national safety. 

We at Raytheon take that threat very seriously. As such, we’re committed to developing 

the most innovative technologies and delivering NoDoubt TM solutions in order to protect 

our most precious resource — our people. Take time to read about some of these 

solutions, such as border protection programs, emergency patient tracking systems and 

directed energy weapon systems. 

As we begin another year of new challenges and opportunities, we must say goodbye 

to one of our own: our co-managing editor, Mardi Balgochian. Her relentless dedication 

to making Technology Today a best-in-class magazine will be sorely missed. Join me in 

wishing her well as she pursues her new career. 

We hope you enjoy this issue, whether in hard copy or online at 

http://wwwxt.raytheon.com/technology_today/current/index.html. 

If you have any ideas or suggestions for future articles, please drop us a note at 

techtodayeditor@raytheon.com. 

As always, we look forward to your comments. Enjoy! 

Lee Ann Sousa 

RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2007 ISSUE 1 3

Feature 

A Homeland Security Overview: 

Growing and Diversifying 

Raytheon’s HLS Offerings 

to the Global Marketplace 

4 2007 ISSUE 1 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY

Raytheon’s Homeland Security Strategic Business Area Vice President 

Courtney Banks Shares Her Vision 

Following the terrorist attacks in 2001, 

the federal government created the 

Department of Homeland Security to 

address the needs and challenges of the 

world in which we live. Now, more than 

five years later, more than 30 agencies 

comprise the federal homeland security 

arena, and it continues to grow to the tune 

of a $27.8 billion budget in 2007. With 

increasing competition in the marketplace, 

Raytheon must establish and maintain 

a leadership position in this field and 

continue to grow its business in the most 

strategic way. 

In this endeavor, Raytheon brought on 

board Courtney Banks, the company’s vice 

president for Homeland Security (HLS), in 

2005 to help grow and diversify Raytheon’s 

homeland security offerings to the marketplace. 

Banks brings a wealth of national 

security experience from both the private 

and public sectors and comes to Raytheon 

from Lockheed Martin where she was the 

director for Homeland Security Solutions. 

Her public-sector experience includes a 

Clinton administration political appointee 

position where she served as the assistant 

in charge of global terrorism issues in the 

Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense 

for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict. 

“There is a world of opportunity for 

Raytheon in homeland security and homeland 

defense,” said Banks. “In the past, the 

company’s approach was very tactical in 

this arena, and we’ve had to step up and 

be more strategic to bring Raytheon’s full 

force to bear.” 

“Our group — the Homeland Security 

SBA — is a strategic business area and not 

a business unit,” explained Banks. “While 

we are accountable for driving new business, 

we do not design, produce or maintain 

a product line. As such, we can 

succeed only by working within and across 

the various Raytheon businesses to help 

them be successful in the accomplishment 

of their missions.” 

According to Banks, the company’s vision 

with regard to homeland security is to 

become the preferred worldwide total 

systems national security solutions provider. 

“This vision, while ambitious, is entirely 

within our grasp, provided we remain 

committed to and tirelessly pursue each 

component of our business strategy.” 

Those components are: 

• Integrate and expand Raytheon’s 

capability and resource portfolio to 

include elements that are relevant and 

necessary to this market and reflect 

the same high standard of quality and 

technological leadership that characterizes 

Raytheon products 

• Develop and strengthen relationships 

with both traditional and emerging 

homeland security and homeland 

defense customers 

• Leverage the expanded portfolio and 

relationships to secure key wins throughout 

the market, creating a platform on 

which we can grow market share in both 

the short and long term 

• Adapt to this new and very different 

market Raytheon’s institutional 

capacity to service the needs of the 

customers, allowing us the opportunity 

to maintain our position and achieve 

even greater growth 

“I cannot underscore enough the One 

Company approach when it comes to 

homeland security,” said Banks. “This 

customer base is different from the 

traditional defense customer in that 

they increasingly demand more complete 

and integrated solutions. That very element 

is a key advantage we have over our 

competitors — the ability to join forces 

across company lines to develop and deliver 

what the customer needs all in one place. 

We must continue to leverage our core 

brand of Raytheon as a national security 

solutions provider and continue our 

successful horizontal collaboration across 

the company to do so.” 

Homeland Security Markets 

The recognition of both the subtle differences 

of this market and the need to 

understand and remain close to the customer 

led Banks to form market segments 

within Raytheon’s Homeland Security SBA: 

• Transportation & Border Security 

• Law Enforcement and Security Solutions 

• Infrastructure Protection and Energy 

Security 

• Preparedness and Response 

• Homeland Defense and Intelligence 

Programs Support 

• Combating Terrorism and Special 

Operations Support 

To bring credibility and horsepower to 

these segments, Banks recruited and 

retained a leadership team that leverages 

a great depth of experience in the U.S. 

Secret Service, the U.S. Coast Guard, 

the first-responder community, the 

Transportation Security Administration 

(TSA), military and special operations, and a 

wealth of industry and market experience. 

Continued on page 6 


Feature 

Continued from page 5 

Banks also increased the technological 

expertise within the SBA, and says that 

Raytheon’s rich history in technological 

innovation will continue to serve the company 

well as it reaches out in new ways to 

current customers and emerging prospects. 

“From a technological standpoint, we 

absolutely must continue to be innovative, 

forward-thinking and intuitive in our 

approach to homeland security, and do so 

against a bar that continues to be set ever 

higher by our competitors and the 

demands of the market,” said Banks. 

“Raytheon’s technological leadership has 

opened many doors for us, but it has also 

established an expectation by the marketplace. 

We must continue to innovate if we 

are to succeed.” 

Raytheon’s technological heritage and 

prowess are the foundations upon which 

the company continues to build, and we 

P R O F I L E : R A Y T H E O N ’ S H O M E L A N D S E C U R I T Y T E A M 

Andrew Cheney 

Chief Technology Officer 

Homeland Security 

A Naval Academy graduate and Dartmouth 

MBA alum, Andrew Cheney joined 

Raytheon in 2006 as chief technology officer 

(CTO) for the Homeland Security (HLS) 

Strategic Business Area (SBA). “I saw a 

great opportunity to help bring Raytheon’s 

impressive technology portfolio and people 

to address the nation’s homeland security 


know that there are extensive opportunities 

that will go to companies that are willing 

to provide services of various kinds. 

“Increasingly, homeland security-related 

spending is being targeted at services — 

from airport screeners and baggage handlers 

to seaport security and equipment 

maintenance and operations,” explained 

Banks. “Our customers are looking for 

someone to step in and deliver these 

services in a professional, cost-effective 

way. Raytheon’s demonstrated expertise as 

a world-class provider of technical services 

must be leveraged for success here as well.” 

Top Priorities for HLS in 2007 

One key area in which Banks plans to be 

more active is in the Chemical, Biological, 

Radiological/Nuclear Explosives (CBRNE) 

threat market. “The CBRNE threat is at the 

forefront of everyone’s mind. But the 

technology that allows us to deal with it is 

phenomenal, and Raytheon is highly competitive. 

We want to expand on what was 

challenges,” explained Cheney. “My role 

as CTO for the SBA blends my passion for 

technology with my business education 

and background.” 

Cheney’s experience comprises work in 

financial services, telecom/hi-tech, petroleum 

and media business management and 

operations. Coupled with his engineering 

experiences in the Navy and time doing 

business development at Lockheed, he also 

brings an interesting breadth and depth to 

his new position. 

By overseeing the HLS SBA’s endeavors 

in new technology development and 

deployment, Cheney examines how 

existing technology can be leveraged or 

integrated across multiple organizations 

to meet evolving customer needs. 

“For 2007, we will expand the direct connections 

between Raytheon engineers and 

HLS customers, both in the field and in the 

federal Department of Homeland Security 

Homeland Security Overview 

accomplished with Advanced Spectroscopic 

Portal (ASP) and continue to be a lead 

systems integrator. This area is of critical 

strategic importance to the nation and to 

the company; as such, it is a high priority 

for Raytheon in 2007.” 

With the accelerated use of improvised 

explosive devices (IEDs) by our enemies in 

Iraq and elsewhere, Banks believes that the 

company’s counter-IED work is vital to build 

upon by continuing to provide technology 

expertise and development. Raytheon is 

trying to stay one step ahead of any enemy 

bringing threats to the United States. 

On the international front, there continues 

to be opportunity for growth. With plans 

to grow the business in border security, visitor 

management, crisis management and 

response, coastal surveillance, special event 

security, and counter-proliferation, Banks 

sees the next few years as a critical time to 

expand Raytheon’s international presence 

and capitalize on the multi-billion dollar 

market opportunity outside U.S. borders. 

(DHS) Science & Technology Directorate. 

Further, we will turn those relationships into 

successful product offerings and contracts 

that meet the DHS customers’ needs.” 

One of Cheney’s strengths is his ability 

to develop and provide integrated 

solutions that are cost-effective and 

readily deployable. 

“Whether I was testing Tomahawk missiles 

or leading successful business captures, I 

believe my career experience has prepared 

me well for this role, and I’m energized by 

what we’re setting out to accomplish 

here at Raytheon. I can’t imagine being 

anywhere else at such an important time 

in our nation’s history,” Cheney added. 

“Raytheon has the ability to not only 

bring technology innovation to homeland 

security, but to marry that with the Mission 

Systems Integration capability that will 

ensure the end product works fine and 

lasts a long time.”

“One of the things that sets Raytheon 

apart from the competition is our long 

history of supporting allied governments 

overseas with innovative solutions, and our 

ability and proven track record in developing, 

deploying and supporting our technology 

and services on all seven continents. 

For these reasons, Raytheon has spent the 

past years getting close to these markets, 

understanding their needs and their interest 

in pursuing solutions.” 

Even with the changing political landscape 

in Washington, Banks says that homeland 

security will continue to be one of the 

highest priorities of our nation’s lawmakers. 

She believes that no matter what political 

party is in power in any of our branches of 

government, our elected officials truly 

understand that, as a nation, we have a 

responsibility to keep our citizenry safe. 

“There will always be a threat to our world. 

The changing nature of that threat, cou- 


Rudy Cohen, Director, Combating 

Terrorism and Special Operations 

Homeland Security 

When reading Rudy Cohen’s resume, you 

wonder when he had the time to become 

a licensed commercial helicopter pilot. 

With an impressive background of 26 

years of leadership experience in federal 

service and multiple joint duty tours at 

the strategic and interagency level, Cohen 

brings to Raytheon extensive experience in 

pled with the complex world that we live 

in, means that we must always be prepared 

to address things we hadn’t even thought 

of before,” said Banks. “I’m often asked to 

talk about what I see as the upcoming 

trends in this field, and I always respond 

that there is no crystal ball for such things. 

If you had asked me on September 10, 

2001, if I thought that later in the year 

there would be a U.S. Transportation 

Security Administration, I probably would 

have said no. That’s because it was as hard 

then as it is now to predict what might 

happen — which is why we must continue 

to recruit and hire the very best people in 

our subject matter areas, and evolve and 

lead our customers and our company to 

become even more nimble, fast-moving 

and innovative to address any possibility 

that might come our way.” 

Banks has long felt a sense of duty in serving 

her nation in this field of work. The 

notion of serving a purpose larger than 

foreign/national security policy development, 

analysis, coordination and integration, as 

well as cross-agency collaboration, strategiclevel 

crisis/deliberate planning and response 

management. 

Prior to joining Raytheon a year ago, Cohen 

spent a decade focusing on initiatives related 

to counterterrorism, international security 

cooperation, antiterrorism, homeland 

defense, consequence management of 

weapons of mass destruction, counter 

narcotics and intelligence operations. 

“With increased worldwide focus on security 

in the Middle East and Southwest Asia in 

recent years, I think my background as chief 

of staff in the Office for the Near East and 

South Asian Affairs in the Department of 

Defense (DoD), as well as the director for 

Domestic Counterterrorism will be helpful to 

the company as it pursues its homeland 

security business strategy,” explained Cohen. 

In his capacity with DoD, he provided country 

and regional expertise on key strategy, 

oneself and ultimately to be protective of 

others is something that has always been 

important to her, whether it is in her everyday 

work responsibilities or in her volunteer 

work with the National Center for Missing 

and Exploited Children. 

“Technology and, more specifically, 

Raytheon technology plays such an important 

role in security — something we often 

take for granted until that safety is threatened 

in some way,” said Banks. “Whatever 

impact my team and I can have that leverages 

this company’s amazing technology 

and services to make a positive difference 

in this world — whether to help protect a 

nation under threat or a family whose child 

has gone missing — is what motivates me.” 

Ultimately, she and her team believe there 

is no company better positioned than 

Raytheon to deliver on the promise to help 

customers do their jobs most effectively 

and keep America safe. • 

planning, programming, budgeting and 

policy matters related to Iran, Iraq, 

Afghanistan and the Middle East. Cohen 

also ensured security cooperation issues 

were coordinated and resolved among 

affected departments, commands, other 

federal agencies and foreign governments. 

“In addition to my international policy 

experience, I also have a background in crisis 

management and planning, which I 

hope will be valuable to the team here at 

Raytheon,” Cohen said. “I was the team 

leader in the DoD crisis center during several 

major international incidents, including 

the September 11th terrorist attacks and 

the USS Cole bombing.” 

Cohen also was the sole DoD representative 

on the Congressionally mandated National 

Commission on Terrorism, and the lead 

DoD representative for numerous national 

special security events such as the 

presidential inauguration, NATO 50th 

Summit, millennium activities, and the 

Sydney and Salt Lake City Olympics. 


Feature 


Protecting 

U.S. Borders

Highlighting Two New Major 

Raytheon HLS Projects 

Each day, more than 360,000 vehicles, 

5,100 trucks and containers, 2,600 

aircraft and 600 vessels cross into the 

United States at more than 600 points of 

entry. These kinds of numbers add up to 

big risk for our nation’s existing border 

security systems. 

Raytheon is working with the Department 

of Homeland Security (DHS) and other federal 

and local agencies on two new major 

projects developed to help keep our borders 

secure and our citizens safe from harm. 

Advanced Spectroscopic Portal 

The safety of our nation depends upon the 

ability to design and field systems to mitigate 

the threat of covert nuclear attacks. 

Raytheon’s Advanced Spectroscopic Portal 

(ASP) is an advanced screening portal system 

designed to identify and prevent the illegal 

entry of nuclear devices and materials into 

the United States. By improving early detection 

capabilities at U.S. border checkpoints, 

ASP detectors greatly reduce the threat of 

radiological dispersal devices, improvised 

nuclear devices or smuggled weapons. 

ASP is capable of screening trucks, cars, 

cargo containers and mail, and is composed 

of a series of compatible panels that can 

easily be combined into a multitude of 

different configurations based on the 

specifics of the venue where the search 

is being conducted. 

Its modular architecture allows the 

system to be mounted in several different 

configurations and its multiple detector 

types ensure high gamma and neutron 

sensitivity over a full range of usage 

conditions. ASP is designed to minimize 

false alarms that would unnecessarily 

impede the flow of border traffic and 

commerce, and it incorporates advanced 

threat-identification algorithms. 

As prime contractor to DHS on this 

program, Raytheon provides program 

management, engineering development, 

manufacturing and field support for this 

next-generation screening portal. Raytheon 

has teamed with Bubble Technology 

Industries (BTI), a company specializing in 

nuclear physics and radiation detection 

technology, on ASP. The companies will 

work together to conduct research and development 

for future systems improvements. 

“ASP is moving us forward into a deeper 

relationship with DHS,” said Mary 

Petryszyn, Raytheon vice president for Joint 

Battlespace Integration. “The feedback 

from the customer has been positive. I am 

especially pleased that we were able to get 

the DHS contract and, within four months, 

deliver complete design, construction and 

testing. This is new and innovative technology 

for Raytheon, and it was exciting to see 

how many different business units within 

the company were able to work together to 

make this happen in such a timely manner.” 

Raytheon is still in testing mode and 

expects to complete full rollout in the first 

half of 2007. Then, full rate production is 

planned for early summer 2007, at which 

time Petryszyn and her team expects to 

deploy ASP at nearly 300 points of entry 

into the United States. 

Project Athena Multi-Domain Awareness System 

Advanced Spectroscopic Portal (ASP) 

Project Athena Multi-Domain 

Awareness System 

Project Athena is a network-centric, multidomain 

command, control, communications, 

computers, intelligence, surveillance 

and reconnaissance (C4ISR) system for highperformance 

situational awareness, fusion, 

analysis and knowledge management. It 

provides seamless coverage across domains 

and operational commands, integrates 

multiple sensors and ISR data sources, and 

supports rapid integration of new types. 

Athena is scalable from local to worldwide 

applications and its distribution architecture 

supports unlimited scalability. 



Feature 


“Athena is a fusion center of information,” 

said Petryszyn. “It takes surveillance 

information from multiple sources and 

cross-checks it with other information 

sources and databases. Its architecture is 

designed to bring together dissimilar and 

disparate information to enable smart 

decision making.” 

Athena is currently in operation in classified 

locations around the world and being used 

in the United States in a maritime border 

protection project to monitor vessel traffic 

and transportation patterns on the water. 

Since its deployment with a particular 

U.S.-based customer in 2006, Athena has 

already uncovered illicit activity that the cus- 

tomer suspected along one of our maritime 

borders. Working with local law enforce- 

ment, Athena provided surveillance that 

enabled the customer to make monitoring 

changes and deploy a mobile sensor to 

detect changes in illicit trafficking patterns. 


“Project Athena is an interesting business 

development story because it was devel- 

oped by evaluating existing hardware, and 

putting it all together to create what has 

now become a $2 billion niche market,” 

said Scott Slade, Science & Technology IPT 

lead, Raytheon IED Defeat Task Force. 

“Athena was less a case of technology 

development and more a case of technolo- 

gy integration. Projects like Athena and ASP 

have begun to change the way Raytheon 

looks at a problem, because they force us 

to figure out what questions we haven’t 

asked yet because the customer didn’t know 

they had a particular challenge to address.” 

Moving forward, Petryszyn’s team at 

Raytheon is working on ways to have 

Athena address surveillance monitoring 

and decision-making around protecting 

U.S. core infrastructure, including 

power systems, communications systems 

and water supplies. 

Future Capabilities 

ASP and Athena aren’t the only projects 

in the works as part of Raytheon’s border 

protection plans. According to Dale Wolfe, 

director of Homeland Security for Raytheon 

Space and Airborne Systems, Raytheon is 

also developing new unmanned border sur- 

veillance capabilities and sensors for border 

security and emergency response support. 

“The same sensors and surveillance tools 

we give customers for their discrete security 

needs can also be used to monitor emer- 

gency conditions including forest fires, hur- 

ricane rescue and recovery, as well as post- 

event damage assessments,” said Wolfe. 

White it’s still too early to divulge the details 

of his team’s work, Wolfe says a priority will 

be to continue to look into the broader 

technology applications of unmanned 

systems and sensors as well as airborne 

emergency response systems to determine 

how they can be used and integrated with 

other Raytheon technology in new ways to 

support homeland security needs. • 


Rocklin E. Gmeiner Jr., Director, 

Federal/Civil Information Technology 

Capability Team, Business 

Development, Homeland Security 

Just as the U.S. Department of Homeland 

Security represents a broad range of government 

agencies and working groups, 

Raytheon’s Homeland Security Strategic 

Business Area (SBA) encompasses more 

than just products and services related to 

Department of Defense (DoD) needs and 

applications. This SBA reach includes national, 

global, state and local initiatives, as well 

as many other non-DoD business areas. 

Rocky Gmeiner and his team are a great 

example of Raytheon’s business focus 

extending far beyond the realm of DoD 

support. As director of the Homeland 

Security Federal/Civil Information 

Technology Capability team, Gmeiner is 

responsible for marketing and business 

development of Raytheon’s products and 

services in non-DoD federal departments 

and agencies, as well as Raytheon’s 

commercial products and services, and also 

works with the HLS SBA. 

Responsible for air traffic control, information 

technology, homeland security and 

Raytheon services for the federal government, 

Gmeiner also serves as the focal point 

for communications between government 

Protecting U.S. Borders 

and Raytheon representatives in this $4 billion 

federal/civil segment of the company. 

“A prime example of what we hope to do 

more of in the next five to 10 years in this 

arena has been our work with Charlie 

Blaich in providing the New York Fire 

Department with Raytheon technology as 

part of our Electronic Incident Command 

System,” said Gmeiner. 

Prior to joining Raytheon in September 

1994, Gmeiner served in the U.S. Navy 

for 27 years, most recently as the U.S. Navy 

program manager for Air Traffic Control, 

Identification and Landing Systems. 

“Nearly 30 years in the Navy prepared me 

for the many challenges and opportunities 

that come across my desk every day here at 

Raytheon,” said Gmeiner. “It’s an honor for 

me and my entire team to support the 

important role Raytheon is playing in the 

homeland security field.

Emergency Patient Tracking System 

National agencies, state and local 

governments, and medical professionals 

are realizing the potential of 

Raytheon’s Emergency Patient Tracking 

System (EPTS) to manage critical information 

during mass casualty incidents (MCI). 

EPTS is a technical solution that increases 

MCI survival rates by facilitating the triage, 

treatment and transport of victims. The 

system automates the collection and 

dissemination of patient information and 

status through use of patient medical 

identification tags containing bar codes 

with the patient’s location, medical status 

and personal records. Personal Digital 

Assistants (PDAs) transfer this information 

through wireless communication to a 

Web-enabled, secure database. The database 

provides the patient’s information to 

hospitals and emergency personnel. 

Centralized patient information allows 

authorities to balance resources and 

minimize hospital overcrowding. 

Immediate Casualty Information 

Casualty scene information, stored in a 

central database, is disseminated to 

command centers, hospitals and support 

agencies over the Internet. Various users 

and agencies have the ability to search 

the database for detailed information 

about the incident and patients. Logging 

onto a secure website, the Emergency 

Command Center determines the number 

and condition of casualties at the scene, 

which enables users to make informed 

Feature 

decisions on the dispatch of emergency 

response units. Using the EPTS, the 

Emergency Information Center and other 

support agencies are able to provide 

immediate relatives and friends with 

patient location and status through the 

use of a central phone number established 

by the incident call center. 

Enhanced Hospital Response 

Hospitals monitor the crisis through EPTS 

and are immediately aware of the number 

and condition of patients en route to their 

locations. They are also provided with 

patient medical condition, initial assessments 

and personal records before the 

patient arrives to facilitate triage, 

admissions and staffing. 

For more information, visit 

http://www.raytheon.com/products/epts. • 


Timothy Josiah, Senior Director, 

Border, Transportation and Energy 

Security, Homeland Security 

After retiring as the chief of staff for the 

U.S. Coast Guard, Tim Josiah joined 

Raytheon in August 2002 as senior director, 

Global Homeland Security and deputy to 

Courtney Banks, Raytheon’s vice president 

of Homeland Security. 

Josiah’s career in the Coast Guard 

spanned 33 years, with jobs ranging from 

shipboard engineer and marine safety and 

security expert to CFO of the Service. As 

chief of staff he was responsible for all 

policy decisions and for the development 

and execution of the Coast Guard’s $4.5 

billion budget. 

Josiah says that the terrorist attacks on 

September 11 challenged the men and 

women in the Coast Guard to put a greater 

emphasis on port and coastal security. 

“Not only did the terrorist attacks in 

2001 require the Coast Guard to rethink 

everything it was doing, it also forced a 

rapid reevaluation of force structure,” said 

Josiah. “The post-9/11 demands on the 

Coast Guard to continue to perform traditional 

missions like search and rescue and 

yet to provide significantly greater security 

in our ports and along our coasts challenged 

people across the Coast Guard 

to live up to the Service’s motto “Semper 

Paratus — Always Ready” in new and very 

expanded ways.” 

As a member of the senior HLS team at 

Raytheon, Josiah provides integrated security 

solutions to national and international 

homeland security challenges, including 

border, visitor management, critical infrastructure 

protection, transportation and 

energy issues. This includes maritime ports, 

passenger, oil, chemical and other transportation 

facilities, as well as countermeasures 

to protect commercial airliners from 

the threat of shoulder-fired missiles. 

“Our mission at Raytheon is one that I am 

proud to be a part of, and I look forward to 

helping lead the homeland security team in 

its endeavors to keep our nation strong and 

our people safe, no matter where we are in 

the world.” 

. 


Feature 

Pioneering SAFETY Act Protection Overseas 

The SAFETY Act was passed in 

response to the events of September 

11, 2001. The catastrophic losses 

from those events made potential providers 

of anti-terrorism technology reluctant to 

pursue homeland security contracting 

opportunities without a liability regime that 

mitigated the risk of third-party claims. 

Formally named the Support Anti-Terrorism 

by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 

2002 (SAFETY Act), this legislation sets 

forth certain circumstances under which 

providers of anti-terrorism technology and 

services can limit their liability exposure in 

the event of an act of terrorism. 

By all accounts, the SAFETY Act has succeeded 

in stimulating the flow of anti-terrorism 

technology and services. Raytheon is 

continuing to make active use of the SAFE- 

TY Act. Coverage under the act has been 

awarded to Raytheon for the Perimeter 


Intrusion Detection System (PIDS) and 

Secure Border System and Services and, 

as part of the procurement process, has 

presumptively been awarded for Advanced 

Spectroscopic Portal (ASP). 

Additionally, as a subcontractor and 

teaming partner, respectively, Raytheon is 

entitled to the benefits of SAFETY Act 

coverage awarded to Accenture (US-VISIT) 

and McNeill (Screening Partnership Program 

(SPP)). Other programs for which Raytheon 

has applied or is in the process of applying 

for SAFETY Act coverage include SEI, 

DRM, SPP, Silent Guardian, EAGLE and 

vulnerability assessments. 

Jonathan S. Spaeth, Raytheon’s senior 

counsel for Washington Operations, is 

responsible for ensuring that the company 

takes full advantage of the benefits afforded 

by the SAFETY Act. “At its core,” Spaeth 

said, “the SAFETY Act is intended to 

encourage companies like Raytheon to provide 

technology and services that protect 

the homeland without fear that by doing so 

they are putting the company at risk.” 

The SAFETY Act applies to any act of terrorism 

that “causes harm to a person, property 

or entity in the United States.” As interpreted 

by the U.S. Department of 

Homeland Security, which administers the 

SAFETY Act, this language encompasses 

acts of terrorism that occur outside the 

United States. For example, suppose a 

provider of anti-terrorism technology or 

services is covered by the SAFETY Act and 

supplies technology or services to an airport 

in the European Union. If sued in the 

United States on the theory that its technology 

or services failed to deter an act of terrorism 

at that E.U. airport, the U.S. provider 

would be able to limit its liability. 


Frank Larkin, Director, Public Safety 

Operations, Network Centric Systems 

After a 20-year career with the U.S. 

Secret Service (USSS), Frank Larkin joined 

Raytheon in June 2006 as director for 

Public Safety Operations for Network 

Centric Systems. In this role, he will help 

the company develop strategic plans and a 

course of action for the public safety component 

of the company’s Homeland 

Security (HLS) Strategic Business Area (SBA). 

Just prior to joining Raytheon, Larkin was 

the USSS’ deputy assistant director leading 

more than 700 operational, technical and 

support personnel. He worked with the 

USSS civil communications program to pro- 

vide support for public safety operations 

supporting VIP protection and national spe- 

cial security events. While deputy assistant 

director, he also concurrently served as the 

USSS chief technology officer responsible 

for $70 million in technology investments. 

“I’m excited to be part of Raytheon’s mis- 

sion to offer full-scale systems, technology 

and support solutions to ensure greater 

public safety,” said Larkin. “Having worked 

with police, fire departments, EMS teams 

and others in the field, I believe I have a 

strong sense of what their needs and priori- 

ties are, and how Raytheon can help them 

do their jobs as homeland security initiatives 

continue to evolve. I have come to know 

from personal front-line experience that 

communications interoperability, informa- 

tion sharing and relationship building is the 

hallmark for successful resolution of any 

critical incident management challenge.” 

In addition to his time with the Secret 

Service, Larkin also served as a Maryland 

State trooper-flight paramedic, 

Montgomery County (Penn.) homicide 

detective and a Norristown (Penn.) uni- 

formed patrol officer. He also has an exten- 

sive tactical medical and special operations 

background as a U.S. Navy SEAL special 

warfare operations corpsman and a tactical 

law enforcement medic. 

“This new role is important as Raytheon’s 

HLS SBA continues to extend its reach 

beyond traditional Department of 

Defense business and go after a wide 

range of homeland security business,” 

said Larkin. “The public safety element is 

critical to any global homeland security 

strategy, and I’m glad to be part of such 

an important team.”

There are, of course, practical limitations on 

the reach of the SAFETY Act, the most obvious 

of which is that its liability protections 

are only applicable in lawsuits brought in 

the United States. By 2010, it is projected 

that more than 60 percent of the market 

for homeland security products and services 

will be outside the United States by 2010. 

Given the global reach of terrorism, the 

increasing worldwide focus on homeland 

security along with the shrinking or elimination 

of international commercial borders, 

and the ingenuity of plaintiffs’ lawyers, it is 

only a matter of time before a provider of 

anti-terrorism technology is sued outside 

the United States in connection with an act 

of terrorism. 

The fastest-growing, easily addressable 

international market is the European Union, 

represented by U.K. e-borders. The 

European Union is “ground zero” in the 

war on terror. The E.U. has a long history of 

being subject to terrorist attacks, and 19 of 

the 21 “major” acts of terrorism since 

September 11 have taken place on 

European soil. 

That is why Raytheon Homeland Security 

Vice President Courtney Banks, with 

Spaeth’s help, is leading a team to institute 

SAFETY Act-style legislation in the European 

Union. Banks and Spaeth have already 

begun meeting with industry partners, 

thought leaders and experts on both sides 

of the Atlantic to raise awareness of the 

need for such legislation and to determine 

the best course for attempting to see that it 

is implemented. 

“Combating terrorism worldwide is a noble 

and worthwhile pursuit,” said Spaeth. 

“That said, we need to do everything we 

can to ensure that our provision of 

homeland security technology and services 

overseas does not jeopardize our business. I 

am proud to be part of a company that has 

taken the lead in promoting SAFETY Actstyle 

legislation in the European Union and 

will continue to push for what we know is 

the right thing, not only for our business 

but for the industry as a whole.” 

For more information on the SAFETY Act, 

go to www.safetyact.gov. • 


Mary Petryszyn 

Vice President, Joint Battlespace 

Integration (JBI) 

Integrated Defense Systems 

As vice president of Raytheon Joint 

Battlespace Integration (JBI) in Colorado 

Springs, Colo., Mary Petryszyn leads a 

business area that positions Integrated 

Defense Systems as the global mission 

integrator of choice in the areas of surveillance 

and maritime domain awareness. 

A native of New York, Petryszyn received 

her master’s degree in computer engineer- 

ing from Syracuse University. Soon after 

graduation, Petryszyn began work for Link 

Flight Simulations, where she was engaged 

in all the different phases of engineering 

design. It was at Link where she also 

learned the importance of meeting 

customer requirements. 

Petryszyn, who has now been with the 

company for more than 20 years, started 

working with Homeland Security (HLS) in 

2005. At that point, she looked strategically 

at the business we had and where the gaps 

in the industry were. Once identified, 

Petryszyn evaluated Raytheon’s capabilities 

and how our technology could further 

defend our country. 

Some of the homeland security capabilities 

that JBI offers include multi-domain aware- 

ness, the Advanced Spectroscopic Portal 

(ASP), space situational awareness and 

Jonathan Spaeth 

Senior Counsel 

for Washington 

Operations 

critical infrastructure protection. “We strive 

to leverage the systems that we have tradi- 

tionally developed for the Department of 

Defense and transition them into capabili- 

ties that will protect our homeland and our 

way of life,” said Petryszyn. 

Petryszyn doesn’t envy the position are 

leaders are in, having to face new and 

ever-changing threats. “They are respond- 

ing in a fairly agile way to reshape and 

remake where they are headed and what 

they are doing to respond to global threats.” 

But it’s her future at Raytheon — not the 

past — that has Petryszyn excited. “We 

will continue our push of addressing the 

global war on terror. And we will continue 

to leverage our domain knowledge and 

expertise into these new areas for us, 

so we can help our customers achieve 

their missions.” 


Feature 

International Security: 

Raytheon’s Global 

Marketplace 

Industry analysts predict that, by the year 2011, 60 percent of 

the world’s homeland security budgets will be in the international, 

non-U.S. marketplace. Because of the continuing evolution of types 

of threats and the need for countries around the world to protect 

themselves and their citizens, Raytheon is well positioned to capture 

market share in this arena and see significant revenue growth in the 

next seven to 10 years. 

“Some companies are ‘global’ and sell 

the exact same service to many different 

countries through U.S. conduits like the 

State Department and U.S. Agency for 

International Development (USAID),” said 

Darryle Conway, director of strategic plan- 

ning for Raytheon’s Homeland Security 

(HLS) Strategic Business Area (SBA). “But I 

believe Raytheon is different and better 

positioned because we are truly an interna- 

tional company that has built long-stand- 

ing, direct working relationships with busi- 

nesses and governments outside the United 

States. We don’t simply sell products or 

services to these countries; we have an 

operating business presence there. This 

allows us to better understand our cus- 

tomers’ requirements and deliver products 

and services that are customized and 

scalable to their needs.” 


Raytheon is known worldwide as a trusted 

company that can build technology and 

systems for a client. That reputation is evolv- 

ing into a company recognized and lauded 

as a total solutions provider and lead sys- 

tems integrator. Foreign companies increas- 

ingly seek out Raytheon as a partner 

because they want to work with a company 

that is willing to understand their national 

issues and deliver total solution systems. 

“Raytheon International’s mature infrastruc- 

ture is now being leveraged by the HLS SBA 

to highlight the homeland security capabili- 

ties of Raytheon businesses. What will keep 

Raytheon at the top of the pack is getting 

the word out to our international partners 

of the incredible depth of experience the 

company has in supporting homeland pro- 

grams,” said Daniel Snow, director of Law 

Enforcement and Global Security Solutions 

for Raytheon’s HLS SBA. “Raytheon’s 

long-standing reputation in the defense 

business helps open doors to new business 

outside U.S. borders, but the company’s 

products, capabilities and integrity have 

enabled the company to pursue homeland 

security business in top markets like 

Europe, the U.K., the Middle East and Asia, 

as well as in emerging markets such as 

Romania and Bulgaria.” 

Experts agree that U.S. policy continues 

to drive international homeland security ini- 

tiatives, with two recent examples being 

container screening and air/rail transporta- 

tion security. These hot-button issues are 

business areas in which Raytheon already 

has strong technology and services success, 

and where the international homeland 

security team plans to have a significant 

impact in 2007.

Other areas in which the HLS SBA’s interna- 

tional team plans to focus in 2007 include 

border security, counter-proliferation, and 

command and control systems. Other areas 

of projected business growth in the next 

few years include training, interoperable 

communications, immigration/border man- 

agement, coastal surveillance, disaster 

management and recovery services. 

Raytheon’s technology and innovation are 

critical to driving strategy on the interna- 

tional front. Conway and Snow believe 

that already-successful components of 

offerings such as Perimeter Intrusion 

Detection System (PIDS), System for the 

Vigilance of the Amazon (SIVAM), Vigilant 

Eagle, Silent Guardian, United States Visitor 

and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology 


Daniel Snow, Director, Law 

Enforcement and Global Security 

Solutions, Homeland Security 

Dan Snow joined Raytheon in September 

2006 from Lockheed Martin, where he 

managed post-9/11 government homeland 

security contracts to include weapons of 

mass destruction (WMD) defense programs, 

threat and vulnerability assessments of 

transportation hubs and classified govern- 

(US-VISIT), and the Defense Threat 

Reduction Agency (DTRA) work in the for- 

mer Soviet Union can be customized, 

repackaged and deployed elsewhere 

around the globe. 

One challenge that remains in this market- 

place is the need for liability protection. 

Because U.S. SAFETY Act provisions do not 

necessarily protect Raytheon outside U.S. 

borders, Conway says one of his biggest 

strategic hurdles is being able to identify, 

go after and win business that already has 

liability protections in place, and determine 

how those protections differ, country by 

country. Homeland Security Vice President 

Courtney Banks is leading a delegation that 

is meeting with international companies to 

address this issue. 

ment facilities, and physical security 

engineering programs. Snow also served for 

more than two decades in the U.S. Secret 

Service where he was special agent in 

charge of the Department of the Treasury’s 

worldwide anti-counterfeiting division and a 

supervisor for the Service’s Presidential 

Candidate Protection program. 

With more than 25 years of experience in 

commercial and government security programs, 

complex criminal investigations, 

executive protection and logistical planning, 

Snow says that his top priorities for 

Raytheon Homeland Security in 2007 focus 

on identifying opportunities both domestically 

and abroad in which the company can 

lend its expertise in supporting global law 

enforcement efforts in command and control, 

emergency operations centers, and 

border surveillance and security. 

“Law enforcement on its own is a niche 

market,” said Snow, “but there are law 

“Homeland security outside the United 

States offers unlimited opportunity for 

Raytheon to shine,” said Conway. “The 

strength of our One Company approach, 

combined with Raytheon’s powerful one- 

two punch of technology and services 

means that we are well armed with the 

right tools and solutions to have a positive 

impact on the safety and security of billions 

of people around the world. That’s an envi- 

able position to be in. It is with a great 

sense of responsibility that my colleagues 

and I look forward to doing what is right 

for our customers around the world so that 

we can continue to further Raytheon’s 

brand as a technology innovator and total 

solutions provider.” • 

enforcement components to many of the 

broader-based domestic and international 

homeland security programs we’re going to 

go after. I see my role here as highlighting 

Raytheon’s technology and service capabilities 

within the law enforcement community, 

and demonstrating how we can assist law 

enforcement in its support of land and 

maritime border security, command and 

control, transportation security and 

emergency operations. 

A renowned expert in his field, Snow’s 

background in global security, law 

enforcement and budget management — 

with an understanding of the variety of 

tactical and strategic approaches employed 

by law enforcement agencies throughout 

the world — will offer Raytheon a new 

way of looking at this component of its 

homeland security business opportunities. 


Feature 

Raytheon’s Proven 

High-Tech Military 

Defense Systems 

Go Commercial 


Vigilant Eagle: 

Protection from terrorist 

surface-to-air missiles 

Silent Guardian: 

A new directed-energy 

protection system

Raytheon has worked 

for decades with the 

Department of Defense 

(DoD) to develop and deploy 

technology for military operations 

around the world. Now, the 

company is working to identify 

which of these technologies have 

commercial applications and can 

be tested, integrated with other 

Raytheon products and services, 

and rolled out for homeland 

security purposes. Two particular 

technologies being examined are 

Vigilant Eagle and Silent Guardian. 

Vigilant Eagle 

Vigilant Eagle provides an invisible dome 

of protection around airports or airfields, 

offering all aircraft — international and 

domestic commercial flights, as well as 

military and private planes — protection 

from terrorist surface-to-air missiles 

including the Man-Portable Air Defense 

System (MANPADS). 

“We’ve been working with the DoD on 

Vigilant Eagle’s technology for a little over 

10 years,” said Michael Booen, Raytheon’s 

vice president of Advanced Missile Defense 

and Directed Energy Weapons. “In 2003, 

the Department of Homeland Security 

(DHS) notified us that they were looking for 

a counter-MANPADS solution and we knew 

we had the right product ready to go. It’s 

taken a few years to get most of the appro- 

priate approvals and tests completed, but 

we knew this was the right solution for 

DHS, since Vigilant Eagle had already been 

proven against real missiles in field tests.” 

In 2006, Raytheon was awarded a $4.1 

million DHS contract to demonstrate the 

suitability of the Vigilant Eagle airport 

protection system to function in a civilian 

environment and its ability to protect 

aircraft from the threat of shoulder-fired 

missiles. Vigilant Eagle uses a simple tech- 

nique of illuminating the missile body with 

electromagnetic energy tailored to divert 

the missile. It aims a focused, precisely 

steered beam of electromagnetic energy at 

a terrorist’s missile, diverting the threat 

away from the targeted aircraft. 

Vigilant Eagle is installed at airports, rather 

than on individual aircraft, and consists of 

three interconnected primary components: 

a distributed missile detect and track sub- 

system (MDT), a command and control (C2) 

system, and the Active Electronically 

Scanned Array (AESA), which consists of a 

billboard-size array of highly efficient 

antennae linked to solid-state amplifiers. 

The MDT is a pre-positioned grid of passive 

infrared sensors mounted on cell phone 

towers or buildings to cover the required 

detection space. At least two sensors in an 

overlapping grid, yielding an extremely low 

false-alarm rate, confirm missile detection. 

The Control Center provides pointing com- 

mands and connects to the airport security 

interface. The Control Center capability also 

includes determination of the launch point 

to notify security forces, enabling capture of 

the terrorists who fired the missile. The 

electromagnetic waveforms disrupt the mis- 

sile and deflect it away from the aircraft. 

Created electromagnetic fields are well 

within the Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration (OSHA) standards for per- 

sonnel exposure limits. 

“Raytheon’s Vigilant Eagle defeats man- 

portable missiles in seconds without any 

alteration to or involvement by the aircraft 

using the airport,” said Mike Booen, “Not 

only has Vigilant Eagle proven effective, it 

can be rapidly deployed at a cost 10 times 

less than equipping each individual aircraft.” 

Industry experts predict it would cost 

upward of $40 billion to equip individual 

aircraft with technology that can provide 

the same protections provided by Vigilant 

Eagle. Moreover, as a comparison, 

outfitting every airport in the U.S. with 

Vigilant Eagle would only cost an estimated 

$2-3 billion. 

“Vigilant Eagle is yet another great example 

of why Raytheon is so well positioned in 



Feature 


the homeland security arena,” said Scott 

Slade, Science & Technology IPT lead, 

Raytheon IED Defeat Task Force. “Anybody 

can try to make and sell widgets, but we 

have an advantage because we have people 

who think long-term and across the board 

to repurpose technologies that already have 

a proven track record. In addition, we have 

the teams in place that can find ways to 

integrate and deploy those products and 

services in a homeland security capacity and 

support them over the long term. It’s smart 

business, plain and simple.” 

Silent Guardian 

Another new application of military-proven 

technology is Raytheon’s directed-energy 

protection system called Silent Guardian 

that employs millimeter-wave energy to 

stop, delay, deter and turn back violent 

aggressors. 


Silent Guardian can be utilized from up to 

250 meters away against would-be attackers, 

while enabling the operator to distinguish 

friend from foe in real-time without 

having to use lethal force. Potential applications 

include facility and critical asset protection, 

riot control, home and perimeter 

security, and counter-terrorism. 

The system emits a focused beam of millimeter-wave 

energy to repel individuals 

without causing any physical damage. The 

beam heats the water molecules around 

the skin’s pain and heat receptors (located 

1/64 of an inch under the skin), creating a 

burning sensation intended to get the 

aggressors’ attention and repel them. 

“Silent Guardian provides a revolutionary 

non-lethal alternative for law enforcement 

agencies and security forces that will save 

lives,” said Booen. “It has been proven 

effective for protecting people and critical 

sites, and extensive government testing has 

revealed no adverse health effects. We have 

been working with the Air Force on this 

technology for over 15 years because we 

wanted to make sure this was safe for use 

in all the applications we had intended it 

to be used.” 

Vigilant Eagle/Silent Guardian 

Silent Guardian emits a focused beam that heats the water molecules around the skin’s pain 

and heat receptors (located 1/64 of an inch under the skin), creating a burning sensation 

intended to get the aggressors’ attention and repel them. 

Booen also says that Silent Guardian gives 

law enforcement and other protection 

entities an effective alternative between 

shouting and shooting. “Imagine being 

in a crowded marketplace in which a 

group of terrorists was reported to be 

infiltrating with rocket-propelled grenades. 

You could use Silent Guardian to deflect 

and detect to determine a group or 

individual’s true intentions. In using 

technology like Silent Guardian in large 

crowd environments, the potential for 

collateral damage is greatly reduced.” 

“There are legislative and policy questions 

we must answer before DHS is able to 

implement this technology in the ways 

we envision, but it’s all about continuing 

to build trust and provide data and results 

that this product is important and needed,” 

said Slade. 

“Ten years ago, we didn’t have chemical 

trace or liquid explosive detection at airports, 

nor did we have some of the X-ray 

screening technology we take for granted 

today because we didn’t know we needed 

it. New technology like Silent Guardian 

gives us an opportunity to help our customers 

identify their needs, and allows 

Raytheon to provide solutions that a 

Mission Systems Integrator should to keep 

our nation safe.” •

L E A D E R S H I P P E R S P E C T I V E 

Mike Keebaugh 

Vice President, Raytheon Company 

President, Intelligence and Information Systems 

These first few years of the 21st 

century have proven to be a 

dangerous time for peace-loving, 

freedom-loving people throughout the 

world. None of us will ever forget where 

we were and what we were doing on the 

terrible morning of Sept. 11, 2001, when 

terrorists struck the World Trade Center in 

New York City and the Pentagon. In pursuit 

of their evil vision for the world, the 

terrorists wantonly murdered thousands of 

innocent men and women — Americans 

and foreign nationals who came to our 

shores to live and work, or just to visit. 

Much has been said about how our world 

has changed in the days, months and 

years since then. For those of us in the 

defense industry, that day also signaled 

the beginning of the next evolutionary 

step in our business. 

Raytheon’s history, like that of many of 

our competitors, has been one of 

responding to the changes brought on by 

shifting tides of global conflict. Our business 

has been to develop and bring to 

market technologies that allow America 

and its allies to protect and defend our 

interests around the world. As the nature 

of the threat and the nature of the fight 

have changed, so too have we. 

Obviously, traditional conflicts still exist. 

Nations pit themselves against other 

nations, and their uniformed armies face 

off against each other on battlefields 

around the world. Just as obviously, 

America needs to be always ready to 

defend itself against such traditional 

assault. However, the new threat 

addressed today under the banner of 

“homeland security” is quite different. 

Today, we and our allies are faced with a 

growing threat from fanatics around the 

globe who target civilians and their institutions, 

with the sole mission of creating terror 

and disrupting a way of life. 

Terrorists pursue their missions as “virtual 

nations,” without respect to geographic 

borders or citizenship. They don’t adhere 

to traditional command and control struc- 

tures. Their organizations and tactics are 

constantly evolving, morphing, adapting 

rapidly to changing circumstances. And 

because they live undercover among their 

victims, these new adversaries are more 

difficult to identify, find and defend against. 

To succeed against this enemy, America 

must adjust and rapidly adapt its capabilities 

to wage war against them. Our military 

and intelligence services need the defense 

and contracting community to have a deep 

and profound understanding of their mission, 

anticipate the evolving threat, and 

continually push the technological boundaries 

to produce systems, services and 

products that help to identify and nullify the 

enemy. Further, we need to develop systems 

that give our nation the ability to contain 

damage and facilitate rapid recovery. 

As has been our history, Raytheon will 

continue to grow its capabilities, to remain 

an essential partner with our customers in 

the global war on terror. In fact, we are 

already well on our way. We have successfully 

developed industry-leading expertise 

in this area and have secured the commitment 

to preserve and build on it. 

As an example, Raytheon developed 

Vigilant Eagle, an airfield-based directed 

electro-magnetic energy system that 

detects and tracks missiles to protect commercial 

aircraft from shoulder-fired missiles. 

A counter Man-Portable Air Defense 

System, Vigilant Eagle can be an important 

tool in the war on terror. Raytheon also 

helps manage a national visitor system 

known as US-VISIT — an automated system 

to track pre-entry, entry, status management 

and exit of foreign travelers at air, 

land and sea ports. We also have the 

Advanced Spectroscopic Portal, which is 

an automated system to detect radioactive 

metallic chemical elements. These are just a 

few examples of the many ways Raytheon 

is using its domain expertise and technology 

know-how to protect our nation and 

build the homeland security business. 

That business segment is expected to 

grow markedly over the next several years, 

both in the U.S. and internationally. In 

addition, there is a compelling business 

case for focusing significant time and 

resources on the international homeland 

security market. 

The total global market for homeland 

security in 2007 is around $58 billion. The 

U.S. will account for nearly half of that 

total, or $28 billion this year. Based on 

research published by Homeland Security 

Research Corp., we now expect that total 

global market to increase to nearly $132 

billion in 2012. Between now and then, 

the U.S. share of that market is expected 

to decrease by 7 percent, while European 

and Asian markets continue to expand. 

With Raytheon’s resources strategically 

located around the globe, we are in position 

to offer state-of-the-art systems to 

international customers. This strategic 

positioning of our resources, combined 

with our in-depth understanding of the 

homeland security mission and our experience 

in developing border security, coastal 

surveillance and visitor management systems, 

as well as secure information technology 

networks, uniquely qualifies us to 

serve the international market’s growing 

homeland security needs. 

Clearly, there are myriad opportunities for 

Raytheon to play an integral role in the 

global homeland security market in 2007 

and beyond. We are well positioned to 

serve both the U.S. and the international 

markets, and I believe that even with 

increasing competition, Raytheon will be a 

leader in this field. 

The attacks of 9/11 illustrated that the war 

on terrorism is not being fought only in 

distant lands — it has come to our shores. 

Continuing to do our work well is not only 

important to our business, it’s important 

to our families and those of every 

American and American ally. • 


Raytheon’s Modeling & Simulation Approach 

Applies to Homeland Security 

Border security is dominating the 

headlines both domestically and abroad. 

Not surprisingly, understanding the 

customer’s problem in this domain has 

several challenges. 

First, the customer may not know exactly 

what they want or understand the conse- 

quences of particular decisions. Second, 

Raytheon may not be able to differentiate 

between the “hard” requirements and the 

“nice to haves.” To address these concerns, 

Raytheon has developed a comprehensive 

modeling and simulation (M&S) toolset to 

demonstrate mission effectiveness and 

affordability to the customer prior to com- 

mitting resources to major development 

efforts. With these tools, Raytheon employs 

a proven, metrics-based system engineering 

process to provide agile, flexible solutions 

for border security needs. 

In effect, Raytheon’s M&S approach pro- 

vides a collaborative mechanism for the cus- 

tomer to rapidly review proposed solutions, 

assess requirements and understand the 

consequences of any design decision before 

it’s made. Our M&S process is highly itera- 

tive, enabling a quick and flexible response. 

Typically, it includes the following: 

• Gap analysis 

• Identification of standard regional 

configurations 

• Sensor selection and placement analysis 

• Communications 

• Operational analysis 

• Cost as an Independent 

Variable (CAIV) analysis 

onTechnology 


ARCHITECTURE & SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 

The first step is the gap analysis. The purpose 

of a gap analysis is to identify current 

areas of vulnerability. The as-is configuration 

is defined and modeled to determine the 

current level of performance. The current 

level of performance is compared to the 

desired or required level of performance to 

identify areas of vulnerability and opportunities 

for improvement. Gaps and opportunities 

are identified and used to focus the 

analysis and develop and refine the solution. 

The second step is to develop a set of 

standard regional configurations. A border 

often consists of multiple terrain types 

(mountains, coastline, desert, etc.) and the 

“best value” solution for one terrain may 

be cost-prohibitive or ineffective in another 

terrain. Sensor line-of-sight coverage, threat 

types and speeds, and responder types and 

speeds can vary significantly with the terrain 

type, therefore directly impacting the 

responder’s time to react. For each region, 

computer simulations apply a set of alternatives 

to expose trends and to provide evidence 

to develop sensor requirements. The 

simulation results determine recommendations 

for a standard configuration for each 

terrain type. 

The next step, sensor selection and placement 

analysis, requires an understanding of 

the following: 

• The level of discrimination required 

(see Table 1) 

• Sensor system performance 

• Threat types and speeds 

• Terrain and possible weather conditions 

• The infrastructure of the area 

• Political, cultural, environmental or other 

restrictions on sensor locations 

Discrimination Level Meaning 

Detection An object is present 

Classification Object class (e.g., human, 

vehicle) is determined 

Recognition The specific class (adult, 

child) to which an object 

belongs is determined 

Identification The object is discerned 

with sufficient clarity to 

specify the type. 

Table 1. Discrimination Definitions 

Sensor models and computer simulations 

are used to evaluate a sensor network’s 

effectiveness — given a discrimination 

task — against specific threats in terrain 

and weather conditions. Simulation results 

provide insight into the sensor types (radar, 

infrared, acoustic, etc.), required sensor 

range, number of sensors, tower locations 

and heights, and the mix of ground vs. 

airborne sensors. 

Communications analysis — how to get 

information from point A to point B — is 

cross-coupled with the other trades and 

decisions. The range, bandwidth, quality of 

service, security and power requirements all 

drive the solution design. A communications 

model is used to explore tradeoffs, 

and when combined with an understanding 

of the infrastructure cost, networking 

issues, and total life-cycle cost, recommendations 

can be made for communications 

architecture to support the sensor network. 

Operational models incorporate the system 

performance characteristics and apply them 

to an entity-level simulation to evaluate the 

systems in the context of a mission-level 

scenario. For example, the border security 

mission is to detect, identify, classify, 

Y E S T E R D A Y … T O D A Y … T O M O R R O W

Sensor network modeling identifies coverage gaps. 

respond and resolve illegal border crossings 

by illegal immigrants, criminals, smugglers 

and terrorists. To accomplish that mission, 

agents must aggressively patrol land and 

sea areas of responsibility while maintaining 

contact with their assigned post and sector. 

Monte Carlo Simulations depicting this 

behavior provide analysis of the patrol 

characteristics, surveillance characteristics 

and the people processes that lead to a 

CAIV analysis identifies best-value solutions. 

successful interdiction and resolution. 

Variables include responder numbers and 

maneuverability, target location errors, 

terrain trafficability, decision times and 

detainee processing times. The assessment 

provides recommendations for refining 

the sensors, sensor platforms and response 

platforms, as well as operational guidelines 

and procedures, to significantly improve 

the probability of mission success. 

Y E S T E R D A Y … T O D A Y … T O M O R R O W 

The system by itself does not equal a solution. 

The following is a set of common 

constraints faced in border security: 

• Infrastructure – The cost of power, 

communications, towers and other 

infrastructure can make some 

locations infeasible. 

• Land/cultural restrictions – Protected 

areas, such as sacred ground, wetlands 

or national parks may not be used. 

Cost as an Independent Variable (CAIV) 

analysis is used to identify the best-value 

solution. This is accomplished through a 

comparison of system performance with 

cost. Specifically, we consider life-cycle 

cost, which includes RDT&E, Acquisition, 

O&S, government infrastructure and 

disposal. When these costs are considered, 

the solution with the best system-level 

performance may be cost-prohibitive, 

while the lowest-cost solution may provide 

unacceptable performance. CAIV aids in 

finding a balance between mission 

effectiveness and life-cycle cost. 

Agility, flexibility and repeatability are keys 

to our systems engineering and design 

approach. Our M&S capabilities have been 

applied and refined on border security 

projects over the last five years and are 

part of our systems engineering life cycle 

to facilitate low-risk and effective program 

execution. We apply these repeatable 

processes in partnership with the customer 

to ensure “best value” and “lowest risk” 

solutions for cost-effective border 

control capabilities. • 

Julie Kamm 

j-kamm@raytheon.com 

Nick Coombs 

nickolia_s_coombs@raytheon.com 



Integrated Communications and Navigation 

for Next-Gen Astronauts 

In September 2006, Raytheon joined a 

team of NASA scientists and engineers in 

the Arizona desert near Meteor Crater to 

test the next generation of astronaut suits 

and robots. Raytheon partnered with 

Hamilton Sundstrand to provide a non-GPS 

aided navigation capability demonstration at 

this year’s Desert-RATS (Research and 

Technology Studies) demos. Each year NASA 

tests incremental design improvements to 

these extravehicular activities (EVA) systems 

in the harsh desert environment. With 

minor modifications, Raytheon used the 

DoD-developed technology imbedded in the 

MicroLight TM radio for the demonstration. 

In 2004, President Bush proposed a bold 

new vision for space exploration. Congress 

then passed the NASA Authorization Act of 

2005, which directed NASA’s administrator 

to “establish a program to develop a sus- 

tained human presence on the moon, 

including a robust precursor program to 

promote exploration, science, commerce 

and U.S. preeminence in space, and as a 

stepping stone to future exploration of 

Mars and other destinations.” This led to 

the establishment of the Constellation 

Program within NASA. 

The first return to the moon is currently 

scheduled for 2020. When astronauts set 

foot on the moon for the seventh time, 

they will have at their disposal a wide 

variety of modern systems to assist them 

with their mission. These systems will 

include the Lander — also used as a habitat 

for the mission — various pre-deployed 

assets and multiple robots. The astronauts 

will engage in exploration far from their 

habitat using a Rover. They will begin 

building the infrastructure for a permanent 

presence on the moon. These activities will 


Figure 1. Video screen capture of 

astronauts preparing for a test run at Arizona’s 

Meteor Crater with SCOUT Rover, and showing the MicroLight 

mounted to the PLSS next to the CAIpack 

require a navigation and position location 

system, a communications system and a 

wireless network. Because it is too expen- 

sive to develop a GPS-like system of satel- 

lites for lunar navigation, the system used 

on the moon must employ a non-GPS aided 

navigation system. 

Raytheon’s second-generation MicroLight 

radios were used for the demonstration. 

The MicroLight is a software-defined radio 

(SDR) that has Internet protocol (IP) based 

interfaces, and can provide a voice-over IP 

(VoIP) capability. This allows the radio to be 

easily used in a wireless network using stan- 

dard interfaces. The radio operates at UHF, 

which is an advantage for the environment 

in which the astronauts will be operating. 

The radio weighs less than one pound and 

is 7.0 x 3.3 x 1.8 inches in size. The output 

power is adjustable from 0.1 to 5 watts. 

The MicroLight can use any one of 18 mili- 

tary waveforms that provide networking 

and non-GPS aided position locations. This 

list of capabilities matches perfectly with the 

size, weight, power, frequency, networking, 

voice plus data messaging, and non-GPS 

P R O C E S S I N G 

aided position location requirements for the 

Raytheon Desert-RATS demonstration. 

The experimental spacesuit subsystem that 

currently provides the position location and 

communications function is the 

Communication, Avionics and Informetrics 

pack (CAIpack). This unit can be seen in 

Figure 1, where it is mounted on the back 

of the Primary Life Support Subsystem 

(PLSS) unit of the astronaut’s suit. Also seen 

in the picture is the positioning of the 

MicroLight radio. The radio is mounted on a 

plate and bracket assembly that is attached 

to a support bar of the PLSS. Inside the 

CAIpack are a laptop computer, GPS receiv- 

er, Tropos WiFi access point, Ethernet hub 

and batteries. The CAIpack interfaces to the 

spacesuit to provide a heads-up display 

function and voice control function. It 

receives telemetry from the suit as well as 

voice. Input and output messages are 

processed using software running on the 

laptop that is connected to a wireless wide- 

area network via the Tropos unit. The 

CAIpack was modified to allow MicroLight 

position information to be used, as well as 


Figure 2. Performance of the MicroLight 

Position Estimator 

the GPS information. This was easily done 

using the MicroLight’s Ethernet connection, 

and the fact the MicroLight interfaces with 

simple TCP/IP protocols. Minor modifica- 

tions were made to the software that dis- 

tributes position messages to the resident 

programs. The software logs, plots and dis- 

plays the astronaut’s movements during a 

suit run. The only modification made to the 

MicroLight was to change the message for- 

mat of position data from JVMF (a military 

joint variable message format) to NEMA 

0183 (a GPS format). 

Raytheon’s main goal at this year’s 

Desert-RATS was to demonstrate that the 

MicroLight waveform could provide suffi- 

ciently accurate position locations over a 

wide area. In 2007, features to be tested 

will include incorporating the MicroLight’s 

VoIP and ad-hoc networking capabilities. 

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the performance 

achieved at the 2006 demonstration. Figure 

2 shows the suit camp in relation to 

Meteor Crater and the reference units. It 

also depicts the route taken during a suit 

run by two astronauts riding in the Science 

Crew Operations and Utility Testbed 

(SCOUT) Rover robot. Figure 3 shows the 

MicroLight track relative to the GPS track. 

The activity near the top of the figure 

occurred when the astronauts donned their 

suits and walked to the SCOUT. Once on 

SCOUT, the astronauts traveled away from 

the suit camp into the desert about half a 

mile, where they stopped and performed 

experiments, including voice commanding 

the SCOUT to follow them, turn right, stop, 

etc. After about an hour, the astronauts 

returned to the donning tent on SCOUT. 

If the GPS track is assumed to be truth, the 

MicroLight maintained the correct track to 

within about 20 meters most of the time. 

This performance is acceptable for a typical 

moon exploration mission where the astro- 

naut might be searching for rocks far from 

the habitat. When working closely with 

robots, an accuracy of less than a meter 

will be required for safety reasons. 

In 2007, Raytheon would like to incorpo- 

rate the networking and voice features into 

the demonstration, and improve on the 


Figure 3. Performance of the Suit GPS Figure 4. The SCOUT Rover (Source Crew 

Operations and Utility Testbed). Photo 

courtesy of NASA. 

position location performance. The 

communications system currently used 

by the astronauts and the support team 

is based on land mobile commercial radios. 

There are also multiple systems that rely 

on the GPS data from the astronauts. To 

incorporate the MicroLight more deeply 

into the demonstration, the effects on the 

current communications system and loca- 

tion data users must be studied and 

accounted for. • 

Rich Crowley 

rich_d_crowley@raytheon.com 



Using Multi-Biometrics Fusion Technology 

to Protect Our Nation 

Criminal justice investigation and civil 

screening using biometric technology has 

increased dramatically since Sept. 11, 2001. 

Biometrics is the technology of applying 

measures of a person’s unique biological 

attributes to determine identity. The most 

commonly used biometrics modality is the 

fingerprint, which has been used in criminal 

forensics for over 100 years. Other biometric 

measures that can be used to distinguish 

individuals include face imaging, iris imaging, 

retina scans, hand geometry, palm prints, 

electrocardiogram and voice analysis. FBI IAFIS 

and DHS IDENT are examples of very large 

automatic fingerprint identification systems 

for criminal justice and civilian applications. 

There is a significant challenge with the 

current single biometrics-based systems. 

Biometric matching calculations attempt to 

discriminate a match from a non-match, 

and the result is a statistical probability with 

errors. Borderline probabilities require manual 

intervention to determine the correct 

decision. Optimizing performance is a tradeoff 

between keeping the False Reject Rate 

(FRR)/False Accept Rate (FAR) low and the 

True Accept Rate (TAR)/True Reject Rate 

(TRR) high. The challenge has been that any 

single biometrics-based identification system 

has a limit to how low an FAR/FRR can be 

achieved. The number of manual interventions 

increases significantly when larger 

populations of subjects need to be processed. 

The cost increases could be unsustainable. 

Figure 1. Typical steps for single biometric process 

Raytheon’s solution is to build biometric 

systems using multi-biometrics fusion technology. 

Multi-biometrics systems are those 

capable of using more than one biometric 


aspect (modality, sensor, 

instance and/or algorithm) 

in some form of combined 

use for making a specific 

identity match. This is generally 

referred to as multibiometrics 

fusion. The 

fusion techniques can be 

categorized as follows: 

Multi-modal – Biometric 

systems take input from 

single or multiple sensors 

measuring two or more different 

biometric attributes 

like face and fingerprint. 

Multi-algorithmic – 

Biometric systems receive a 

single sample from a single 

sensor and process that sample with two or 

more distinctly different methods (for example, 

different vendors’ matching algorithms). 

Multi-instance – Biometric systems use 

one sensor (or possibly multiple sensors) to 

capture samples of two or more different 

instances of the same biometric attributes. 

Multi-sensorial – Biometric systems sample 

the same instance of a biometric trait with 

two or more distinctly different sensors. 

A typical single biometric process includes 

these steps: sample acquisition, feature 

extraction, matching and decision (see 

Figure 1). Multi-biometrics fusion can happen 

at different levels; the commonly used 

fusion options are: 

Decision level – Each biometric process 

makes its own recognition decision. The 

fusion process fuses them together with 

combination algorithms to make the final 

decision. 

Feature extraction level – Each biometric 

process extracts its features for its modalities 

(finger or face). The fusion processes 

fuses the collection features into one feature 

set to make the final decision. 

E O / L A S E R S 

Figure 2. The illustrative ROC curves of a multi-biometrics system 

Matching score – Each biometric matcher 

provides a match score indicating match 

probability. These scores can be combined 

to a single score for matching decision. 

The key benefit of biometric fusion technology 

is to improve the overall system accuracy 

and reduce manual processes. Shown in 

Figure 2 is an example of Receiver 

Operating Characteristics (ROC) of the biometrics 

systems before and after the multimodal 

fusion. The Genuine Accept Rate of 

the multi-modal-based system with hand 

geometry, fingerprint and face represents a 

substantial improvement compared to individual 

biometrics-based systems. 

Other benefits of a multi-biometrics system 

include the fact that it’s more technically 

challenging and costly to fool a multi-biometrics 

system. It can also help with people 

unable to enroll in one biometrics (e.g., 

because of physical limitations or cultural 

concerns). For example, iris can be used in 

some countries in Europe where fingerprint 

collection is considered to be for criminals. 

However, biometric systems with fusion 

technologies cost more to build, with 


additional biometric acquisition devices, 

extra data storage space and complex software 

system development. It can also have 

a detrimental impact on the capture speed 

and system performance. The challenge of 

designing a biometrics fusion system is to 

balance desired accuracy while achieving 

high system performance. 

As a Mission System Integrator, Raytheon is 

working with several customers to design 

and develop mission-critical biometric systems. 

For example, Raytheon is working on 

the design and implementation of a multiinstance 

and multi-algorithmic fingerprint 

fusion system for verification and identification 

by fusing up to 10 fingerprints. Scorelevel 

fusion, which can potentially increase 

accuracy up several-fold depending on 

performance needs, can be used. This 

approach has been validated by National 

Institute Standard and Technology studies. 

Raytheon is also working to explore options 

to improve facial image capture quality. 

This will enable future multi-modal fusion 

applications to combine fingerprint and 

face biometrics to achieve improved system 

performance. In addition, Raytheon has 

provided design solutions to customers 

using multiple biometrics, including face, 

finger and iris, to work with very large 

galleries of low-quality data and with 

challenging response time requirements. 

As an industry leader in biometrics system 

integration, Raytheon is also investing 

internal corporate funds to develop system 

options with fusion technology. Raytheon 

has partnered with other industry leaders in 

biometric technology and identity management, 

including L1, Motorola, ImageWare, 

Daon, Cross Match, NEC, Cogent, SAGEM 

Morpho and many other biometrics vendors. 

Raytheon is poised to provide solutions using 

multi-biometrics fusion technology for the 

criminal justice, border control and management, 

and intelligence and defense communities 

in order to protect our nation. • 

Charles Y Li 

charles_li@raytheon.com 

Skip Linehan 

skip_linehan@raytheon.com 


Raytheon SAS Advanced 

Product Center’s 

Microwave Automated Factories 

Space and Airborne System’s (SAS) 

Advanced Product Center’s (APC) 

Microwave Automated Factory (MAF), 

located in Dallas, is the most highly automated 

facility for the production of defense 

and aerospace (including space) microwave 

products in the world. It offers a unique 

combination of high-volume, high-mix production 

and state-of-the-art prototyping 

and product development. The recent 

history of the MAF and its capabilities to 

support both production and development 

are as follows. 

History 

The facility has produced over one million 

complex microwave modules since its inception 

in 1993, with production rates exceeding 

20,000 modules per month. It has also 

produced over 45,000 next-higher-level 

transmit/receive integrated microwave module 

type assemblies (TRIMMs), or “slats.” 

Assembly complexity has ranged from hermetic 

modules with 20 components and 

100 wires to assemblies containing over 

100 devices and 350 wires. The most complex 

non-hermetic RF assembly produced to 

date contained 1,024 channels, approximately 

7,400 die and 16,000 wires — all 

designed, assembled and tested in the 

factory within seven months. 

Philosophy of Execution 

The most prevalent philosophy of execution 

is concurrent engineering with integrated 

product teams using IPDS. Early engagement 

of APC product engineers ensures 

that both the program and factory arrive 

with a winning solution for Raytheon 

customers. This is coupled with a heavy 

emphasis on design-to-cost manufacturing 

using cutting-edge automated assembly 

and tests to produce the most consistent 

assemblies with minimal tuning and 

maximum yield. 


R F S Y S T E M S 

Detailed design guidelines and producibility 

reviews ensure low cost, high yields and 

high reliability for all products produced in 

the facility. The factory’s focus on continuous 

improvement is fueled by a team-based 

operation with joint responsibility from both 

Operations and Engineering for program and 

factory performance. More than 85 percent 

of factory personnel and engineer team 

members are Raytheon Six Sigma certified. 

APC’s excellence in quality and technology 

has been recognized by awards at the SAS 

and corporate levels in 2004 and 2005. 

Key Statistics 

The MAF is a certified ISO 9001 facility containing 

both design and fabrication capabilities. 

Production is housed in a 25,000 sq. 

ft., Class 100K clean room and a 8,500 sq. 

ft. clean area. The production areas are 

complimented by a 900 sq. ft. process/ 

product development area, a 570 sq. ft. 

prototyping area and a 570 sq. ft. process 

support lab. 

Production takes place on nine fully automated 

assembly lines and test stations. The 

assembly lines produce conventional upright 

chip-and-wire and flip-chip assembly using 

the industry’s most current equipment. 

Automated processes include component 

attach, wire/ribbon interconnects, hermetic 

sealing, inspection, conformal coating systems 

and symbolization. Statistical process 

control is maintained over all processes with 

current process capabilities ranging from 

4.5–6 sigma. A paperless computer-based 

manufacturing control system is used for 

statistical process monitoring, labor entry, 

graphically aided work instructions and 

assembly travelers. It is also used for realtime 

control and reporting of throughput, 

yields and process control parameters. Part 

pedigree is maintained through bar code 



R F S Y S T E M S ( c o n t i n u e d ) 


tracking for all assemblies, allowing a complete 

part and build history to be retrieved 

for any assembly (part numbers, vendor, lot 

numbers, wafer numbers, etc.). This highlevel 

of automation ensures consistent 

assembly tolerances, repeatable microwave 

performance and high reliability for 

increased Mission Assurance. 

Product development occurs in two distinct 

areas: The first is the MAF Prototype Area; 

the second is the MAF Process/Product 

Development Area. These areas, as well as 

the main factory, are supported by APC 

Engineering Labs and the APC Process 

Support Lab. See the key principles and 

capabilities of each area below. 

MAF Prototype Area 

Key Principle — Dedicated to quick turns 

to prove out design concepts that do not 

require the accuracy of full automation to 

achieve electrical performance with minimum 

tooling and documentation. Engineers can 

walk in with a sketch and a bag of parts 

and leave with an assembly to test. This area 

does not produce any production hardware. 

Efforts are not part of the NRE associated 

with transition into the automated factory. 

Capabilities — Manual assembly, manual 

die attach (solder and epoxy), manual wire 

bond, manual wedge bond, split tip weld, 

chisel bond and mini-autoclave. 

MAF Process/Product Development Area 

Key Principle — This area, operated by the 

APC’s RF Packaging Processes Engineering 

group, utilizes the same equipment and 

engineering resources to develop products 

and processes for APC’s microwave factories. 

It is the designated area to develop new 

products that require the precision of automated 

assembly. It also serves as the testbed 

to evaluate new equipment, processes and 

improvements before transition to production. 

Personnel responsible for implementation of 

new developments are also responsible for 

their performance in production. 


Capabilities — Automated dispense, pick 

and place, cure, reflow, interconnect (ball 

bond, wedge bond and ribbon bond), optical 

measuring system, laser profilometry, 

conformal coating and vacuum lamination. 

MAF Process Support Lab 

Key Principle — An analytic lab to support 

development of new processes and materials 

for new products. Additionally supports 

resolution of process and product issues 

with current products within the MAF. 

Capabilities 

• Imaging – scanning electron microscopy, 

sonic acoustic microscopy, digital high-res 

metallurgical microscopy, IR microscopy, 

low-mag digital cameras, real-time X-ray 

• Elemental identification and metallization 

thickness – ESD and XRF 

• Mechanical testing – Instron mechanical 

testers (2), Sebastian pull tester, wire pull 

testers (3), die shear tester 

• Environmental testing – temp/humidity 

chambers (4), HAST chambers (3) 

• Other – viscosity, analytical scales, contact 

angle, DC probe station 

Engineering Labs 

Key Principle — Dedicated engineering 

areas with equipment and resources to 

support product and device design and 

development, test set design and development, 

and test procedure development. 

Capabilities 

• 14 labs; configured test benches available 

for use via sign-up 

• S-Parm/Power/TOI/NF Testing 

• Special testing needs (phase noise, 

load pull) 

• Pulsed and CW capabilities, anechoic 

chambers 

• Frequencies up to 95 GHz 

• Digital IC lab, advanced power supply lab 

and microelectronics lab 

Recent efforts produced in the development 

area include a T/R module and a recent 

panel array. The module, containing 19 

MMIC components, 6 ICs, 48 caps and 

300 wire bonds, was designed and 

bread-boarded; 32 units were produced 

and delivered to the customer in six 

months. Another example was a prototype 

panel containing 128 channels, 3,200 

die and 18,000 wires — all designed, 

assembled and tested in the factory in 

seven months. • 

Karl L. Worthen 

kworthen@raytheon.com 



Microfluidic 

Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems 

Advanced Thermal Management 

The microelectronics industry is unlike any 

other. Those who work in it are confronted 

with the uniquely daunting challenge of 

having to leap forward with rapid perform- 

ance improvements for each new generation 

device, while at the same time reducing cost 

and size to make the product competitive. 

While those involved with RF electronics at 

Raytheon do not quite confront the same 

problem as our commercial counterparts, 

the theme remains the same. We want bet- 

ter performance at lower cost, weight and 

size. When it comes to radar systems, one 

proposed approach involves increasing 

power density at the chip level to utilize 

fewer devices, ultimately leading to a sys- 

tem, which, in theory, should be smaller, 

lighter and less costly. This does not come 

without challenges, however. 

More powerful devices present thermal 

engineers with unprecedented challenges 

in device cooling, with dissipated power 

densities in the hundreds to thousands of 

watts per centimeter squared. One pro- 

posed approach to solving this problem 

takes advantage of modern Micro Electro- 

Mechanical Systems (MEMS) fabrication 

processes to implement microfluidic cooling 

solutions at the device level. 

Microfluidics is the study of transport phe- 

nomena and fluid-based devices at micro- 

scopic length scales. It’s a multi-disciplinary 

science, primarily focused on taking advan- 

tage of scaling behavior of fluid systems for 

improved performance. By miniaturizing 


M A T E R I A L S & S T R U C T U R E S 

Scanning electron micrograph of MEMS 

micro-cooler with parallel channels less 

than .001″ wide 

cooling devices, thermal engineers are able- 

to place their cooling solutions “closer” to 

the device being cooled. They’re also able 

to take advantage of scaling laws beneficial 

to improved heat transfer, such as the large 

surface-area-to-volume ratios present in 

micro scale devices. These MEMS cooling 

devices are fabricated with similar processes 

and in a similar fashion to the microelec- 

tronics devices they are typically used to 

cool. This leads to economical production 

and affords the opportunity to build these 

micro-coolers directly in the microelectronic 

device, providing a higher level of integra- 

tion than was previously achievable. 

Many types of heat transfer can be imple- 

mented within these micro-coolers including 

single phase (convection), change of phase 

(boiling), spray evaporation and jet impinge- 

ment. Many challenges still must be 

overcome to fully realize the potential of 

micro-cooler technology. 

MEMS micro-cooler next to a penny 

Along with the unique benefits afforded 

with fluid system behavior on the 

microscale, come many challenges typically 

not encountered in macro-scale devices. 

Studying these devices frequently requires 

specialized instrumentation and techniques. 

Fabrication processes must be adapted 

for specialized materials and optimized 

for consistency. Much basic research has 

been completed on these micro-cooler 

devices with universities such as Stanford, 

MIT, Purdue and Rensselaer leading 

the charge. Commercial thermal 

management solutions featuring this 

technology are now available. 

As we move toward next-generation 

radar systems, many technologies will be 

considered to solve the thermal problem. 

MEMS micro-coolers are one option with 

a potentially bright future. • 

David Altman 

david_h_altman@raytheon.com 


Events 

National Guard Information Technology Conference: 

Meeting the Joint C4 Challenge 

Approximately 1,800 attendees joined nearly 

180 exhibitors and speakers at the 

National Guard Information Technology 

Conference, held Dec 3–8, 2006, in Las 

Vegas. Raytheon responded to “Meeting 

the Joint C4 Challenge” by displaying capabilities 

for emergency situational awareness. 

More than 20 Network Centric Systems 

(NCS) employees were on hand to staff the 

exhibit and speak with customers, business 

partners and potential first responders. 

Raytheon’s Total Solutions Package 

When crises arise — whether it be from 

natural disasters or man-made threats — 

incident management teams rely on effective 

coordination between disparate agencies, 

each with its own protocol, applications 

and networks. Raytheon’s answer to 

this challenge is an integrated solution that 

links first responders with local, state and 

federal professionals. 

Demonstrating a sampling of these applications, 

Raytheon presented an infrastructure 

that included technologies in both the 

wired and wireless domains. Raytheon’s 

exhibit paired with three other exhibitors — 

Nortel Networks, Segovia and Fortress 

Technologies — to simulate an emergency 

operations center capable of big-picture 

emergency situational awareness. “The 

intent of the applications and services is 

to allow public safety and first responder 

individuals to perform their jobs more 

safely, more efficiently and with more 

knowledge,” said Bill Iannacci, director 

of ICS Strategic Initiatives at NCS in 

Marlborough, Mass. 

Partner companies — JPS Communications, 

DropFire, NexPort Solutions and Eagle 

Project — joined with Raytheon to 

showcase the total package with the 

companies’ staff on hand representing a 

unified Raytheon team. “We are taking 

a true agnostic view in partnering with 


potential customers in order to reduce 

their capital expenditure and maximize the 

efficiency of their operational forecast,” 

explained Iannacci. 

The demonstration included the Emergency 

Patient Tracking System (EPTS), which facilitates 

triage and transport of victims during 

mass casualty incidents; Mobile Enhanced 

Situational Awareness (MESA), which disseminates 

the Common Operational Picture 

for Public Safety and Civil Support forces; 

and voice interoperability solutions and the 

MicroLight TM radio to ensure communications 

interoperability and information sharing. 

Partner companies provided additional 

applications and software to enhance situational 

awareness. 

Why the National Guard? 

“We have been asked to start up a 

business focused on servicing the federal, 

state and local level needs for public safety 

and first response,” said Iannacci. “The 

National Guard is a big player in this 

market space.” • 

Upcoming Engineering and 

Technology External Events 

2007 Systems and Software 

Technology Conference (SSTC) 

Enabling the Global Mission 

June 18–21, 2007 

Tampa, Florida 

http://www.sstc-online.org 

International Council on Systems 

Engineering (INCOSE) 2007 

Systems Engineering: 

Key to Intelligent Enterprises 


San Diego, California 

http://www.incose.org/symp2007 

American Institute of Aeronautics 

and Astronautics (AIAA) Space 2007 

Conference and Exposition 

Sept. 18–20, 2007 

Long Beach, California 

http://www.aiaa.org

People 

NCS Team Wins 

Prestigious 

Defense 

Manufacturing 

Award 

Raytheon is pleased to announce that its 

Network Centric Systems’ Exoatmospheric 

Kill Vehicle (EKV) Harnessing team has 

received the 2006 Defense Manufacturing 

Excellence Award. The team was nominated 

by Dan Heinemeier, president of the 

Government Electronics and Information 

Technology Association. 

The award is presented by the National 

Center for Advanced Technologies (NCAT) 

at the Defense Manufacturing Conference 

and recognizes outstanding cooperative 

efforts on technology development between 

government, industry and academia. 

The EKV Harness team developed a 

predictable and sustainable manufacturing 

program for high reliability space applica- 

P R O F I L E : P E R F O R M A N C E 

Matt Gilligan 

Deputy Vice President, 

Command and Control 

Systems, Network 

Centric Systems 

Matt Gilligan oversees the 

System for the Vigilance of 

the Amazon (SIVAM) program, 

the largest wide-area surveillance and 

management system in the world. This $1.4 billion 

Raytheon-led surveillance and monitoring 

program supports the Brazilian government in 

carrying out its Amazon protection policy. 

Prior to being named deputy vice president of 

Command and Control Systems (C2S), Gilligan 

served as SIVAM’s program manager and was 

responsible for leading the project’s development 

and implementation. Due to the dedication 

of that team and the system’s overall performance, 

SIVAM was delivered to the Brazilian 

government in 2004 with great success. 

Pictured from left: John Douglass, president and CEO of the American Aerospace 

Association; Dan Heinemeir; John Enns; Greg Stevens, business area manager; Dan Farmer; 

Brock Partee; Lynn Krueger; and John Kubricky, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense. 

tion harnessing in a Micro D M83513 

interconnect environment. This process was 

also recognized by a Missile Defense 

Agency audit team in April 2006 as a 

“benchmark for the harnessing industry.” 

The success of this strategic missile defense 

program was achieved through the development 

of manufacturing concepts in 

accordance with Mission Assurance performance 

objectives. The results provided 

highly technically superior harnessing and 

With a wide-area network of sensors, communi- 

cation systems and coordination centers moni- 

toring the two million square mile Amazon 

region and the airspace above it, SIVAM provides 

reliable and actionable information on conditions 

in the Amazon area to government agencies, 

research institutions and other users, filling a 

gap that in the past had exposed Brazil’s borders 

to international crime, drug running, illegal 

logging and mining, as well as rebel activity. 

SIVAM combines data generated by space- 

based, airborne and surface sensors and support 

systems, tied together by an innovative satellite 

and terrestrial telecommunications infrastruc- 

ture. Some of the key sensors include fixed and 

mobile radars, airborne synthetic aperture radars, 

multi-spectral scanners, optical infrared sensors, 

high-frequency direction-finding equipment, 

weather monitoring, and communications and 

non-communications exploitation gear. 

predictable throughput to support aggressive 

end-item deliverables requirements. 

EKV team members include John Enns, 

value stream leader, Missile Systems 

Products; Lynn Krueger, advanced 

manufacturing engineer; Dan Farmer, 

design engineer; George Young, value 

stream leader; Tim Houser, EKV project 

engineer; and Brock Partee, product 

development engineer. • 

ET&MA 

Professionals 

Exemplify 

Raytheon’s 

CFM Strategy 

“SIVAM is an incredible asset for the Brazilian 

government,” said Gilligan. “The system has 

already played an integral role in controlling the 

region’s airspace, helping locate downed aircraft, 

monitoring drought and flood conditions, and 

improving compliance monitoring when it comes 

to illegal logging and reducing drug trafficking.” 

What’s next for SIVAM? Gilligan is working to 

expand SIVAM into neighboring Peru, as well as 

other potential South American countries. 


People 

Raytheon Army Reservist Wins 

Prestigious Award 

Col. Kerry Kachejian, an active 

member of the U.S. Army Reserve and also 

Raytheon’s director of Homeland Defense 

and Intelligence Programs Support for IIS in 

the Homeland Security Strategic Business 

Area, recently received one of the most 

prestigious honors awarded annually by the 

Military Officers Association of America 

(MOAA), the nation’s largest association of 

military officers. 

The MOAA Reserve Award for Leadership 

Excellence in a Troop Program Unit recognizes 

members of the Army Reserve who 

have demonstrated outstanding performance 

and leadership abilities in their daily 

lives, both in and out of uniform. 

As the deputy commander of the Army 

Reserve’s Contingency Response Unit, 

Kachejian led his unit’s successful deployment 

to Joint Task Force Katrina in New 

Orleans, where it was tasked with debris 

removal throughout the area. His unit also 

P R O F I L E : R E L AT I O N S H I P S 

Ian MacTaggart 

Business Development 

Manager, Raytheon 

Canada Limited 

When the International 

Olympics Committee 

awarded the 2010 Winter 

Games to the city of Vancouver, Ian MacTaggart 

knew he wanted to use a Customer Focused 

Marketing approach to win some Olympics 

security business. 

Focusing on integrated security operations and 

an expertise in command and control, Raytheon 

Canada reached out to the Royal Canadian 

Mounted Police (RCMP) to develop a relationship 

that they hoped would lead to future business, 

including a potential Olympic contract. 

When Vancouver was awarded the Games, 

MacTaggart and his team immediately began 


deployed to the Gulf Region Division (GRD) 

in Iraq, where he served as the deputy chief 

of staff for Operations. The GRD’s mission 

was to rebuild the Iraqi infrastructure and, 

during the performance of his duties, he 

was engaged numerous times by hostile 

direct and indirect enemy fire. He also survived 

a targeted attack on his vehicle by an 

improvised explosive device. Additionally, 

when one of his unit’s vehicles plunged into 

the Tigris River and was submerged and 

entangled in concertina wire, he risked his 

life to help save an American civilian 

trapped in the wreckage. 

A 1982 West Point graduate, Kachejian’s 

personal military decorations include the 

Army Combat Action Badge, the Bronze 

Star Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal 

and the prestigious Army Ranger tab. Most 

recently, while employed at Raytheon, he 

attended the Industrial College of the 

Armed Forces and was selected as a “distinguished 

graduate.” 

conversations with the RCMP and at the 

same time began to pursue multiple paths of 

communication at different levels to expand the 

company’s reach toward securing this potential 

business opportunity. 

“It’s all about relationships,” said MacTaggart. 

“We’ve pushed ourselves harder than ever 

before to build this connection with the RCMP 

from the ground up and, at the same time have 

begun talks with not only the Vancouver organizing 

committee, but also the more than 100 

different stakeholders involved in security with 

regard to the Olympics. We’re on the right path 

and we’re positioned well.” 

MacTaggart continues to focus on keeping the 

lines of communication open and has great 

expectations that Raytheon will play an integral 

role in the XXI Winter Olympics. “To win this 

business, we have to continue to prove that 

“I am so thankful to Raytheon for providing 

an environment where employees can serve 

their country in uniform and out,” said 

Kachejian. “By being able to live both lives 

simultaneously, I’m able to understand the 

real world challenges our military personnel 

are facing in the field and return to 

Raytheon to translate them into technology 

terms our engineers can understand. In the 

end, this helps both Raytheon and the uniformed 

services since our team is able to 

create better solutions to real problems that 

we face in the global war on terror.” • 

ET&MA 

Professionals 

Exemplify 


CFM Strategy 

we’re worthy of their trust and their business; 

we’ve got to be sincere and helpful; and we 

have to convince the RCMP that we’re going to 

deliver on our commitments.” 

The security contract decisions won’t be made 

until late 2007, but MacTaggart is optimistic. 

“We will do everything within our power to win 

this business because it’s a great opportunity to 

showcase our expertise to a global market that 

might not otherwise get to see how we operate 

in real time.”

Dr. William E. Hoke, a senior 

engineering fellow at Raytheon Integrated 

Defense Systems (IDS), was presented the 

2006 Innovator Award at the North 

American Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE) 

Conference and Workshop held last fall at 

Duke University in Durham, N.C. 

The NAMBE conference is devoted to fundamental 

and applied research in the field 

of MBE crystal growth. Dr. Hoke, who 

works at the Raytheon Radio Frequency 

Components (RRFC) facility in Andover, 

Mass., was honored for his research and 

development of metamorphic growth of 

semiconductor device structures that have 

P R O F I L E : S O L U T I O N S 

Andy Zogg 

Vice President, 

Airspace Management 

and Homeland Security 

More than 100 million 

passengers travel through 

the four Port Authority 

airports of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) 

each year. With passenger safety and security a 

top priority, this still-growing volume carries with 

it the potential for increased risk. Under the 

leadership of Andy Zogg, Raytheon is bringing its 

Perimeter Intrusion Detection System (PIDS) to 

the PANYNJ to manage perimeter security at 

LaGuardia, Kennedy, Newark and Teterboro airports. 

“PIDS provides a perimeter security solution 

built from proven integrated systems used to 

protect everything from borders to battlefields 

around the world,” said Zogg. 

Dr. William Hoke Honored with 

Innovator Award 

Dr. William Hoke (center) receives the NAMBE’s 2006 Innovator Award from Jeff Hohn (right), 

Veeco vice president and general manager, and Prof. Charles Tu, NAMBE chairman and assistant 

dean at the University of San Diego. 

advanced capabilities and reduced costs 

compared to conventional semiconductor 

technology. 

“The MBE Innovator Award is not an individual 

award,” Dr. Hoke said. “It recognizes 

the success of a team of people in material 

growth and characterization, device processing, 

and device design. I have been fortunate 

to be part of an excellent team in 

the RRFC’s advanced technology group for 

many years.” 

Since joining Raytheon in 1978, Dr. Hoke 

has worked on the material development of 

a variety of advanced semiconductor device 

PIDS is the first fully integrated system in which 

all sensors, thermal cameras, video motion 

detectors, access control and alarm annunciation 

systems are brought into a common display system. 

These features, along with CCTV and 

“smart fences,” provide superior, layered intrusion 

detection customized for each airport. It 

leverages the airports’ existing communications 

and power infrastructures, and provides 24/7 

all-weather capabilities with an easy-to-use 

interface to monitor the perimeter of the airport, 

detect what crosses the perimeter, perform an 

assessment, secure the perimeter, and send a 

dispatch to address the encroachment. 

“What makes PIDS unique is Raytheon’s ability 

to perform computer modeling of the topography 

of each airport, enabling us to optimize a 

suite of sensors to provide a redundant, highly 

available, highly reliable system,” said Zogg. 

“Our integrated PIDS approach saves money 

structures. He initiated Raytheon’s MBE 

program in 1981 for the growth of 

semiconductor films. Since then, he has 

supervised the material development of 

several structures that have advanced the 

power, efficiency and noise performance of 

semiconductors used in radars, communications 

and electronic warfare systems. 

“Dr. Hoke’s knowledge, dedication and 

contributions have helped Raytheon be a 

leader in advancing the technology of 

semiconductors,” said Mark Russell, vice 

president, IDS Engineering. “We are indeed 

fortunate to have Bill on the Raytheon IDS 

Engineering team.” • 

ET&MA 

Professionals 

Exemplify 


CFM Strategy 

over camera-dominant systems and yields a 

more cost-effective solution.” 

How else can PIDS be used to solve other 

transportation security concerns? In addition to 

enabling PIDS to address rail security concerns, 

international expansion plans are also underway. 

“As transportation volume growth increases in 

the Middle East and the Far East, solutions like 

PIDS will have to be considered by those transportation 

ministries, and that can open up an 

additional market,” explained Zogg. 


Future Events 

Raytheon’s Enterprise Process 

Group Workshop 

The Good, the Bad and the Ugly 

April 17–18, 2007 

Tucson, Arizona 

* * * 

Raytheon’s 6th Annual 

Software Symposium 

Technical Excellence via Innovation 

and Revolution 

April 30–May 4, 2007 

Richardson, Texas 

* * * 

Raytheon’s 9th Annual Electro- 

Optical Systems Symposium 

Innovative EO Technology for Integrated 

Mission Systems Solutions 

May 14–17, 2007 

Richardson, Texas 

* * * 


Processing Systems Symposium 

Roadmaps: Flight Path to the Future 

May 21–23, 2007 

El Segundo, California 

* * * 


RF Systems Symposium 

Sustaining and Disruptive RF Systems – 

Leading the Way for Today and Tomorrow 


Tucson, Arizona 

* * * 

Raytheon’s Systems 

Engineering Symposium 

Customer Solutions Through Innovative 

Technology Integration 

August 6–9, 2007 

Anaheim, California 

* * * 

Raytheon’s Mechanical and 

Materials Systems Symposium 

October 8–10, 2007 

El Segundo, California 

* * * 

For more information on any of 

the above Raytheon events, visit: 

http://home.ray.com/rayeng/ 

technetworks/tab6/tab6.htm. 


Resources 

Raytheon Certified Architect Program 

The Raytheon Certified Architect Program 

(RCAP) is the culmination of Raytheon’s 

systems architecting learning curriculum. 

RCAP focuses on providing our customers 

with the expertise needed to support their 

long-term transformational goals. 

According to Mike Borky, Raytheon’s 

architecture champion, there is a critical 

need for systems architects. “Our markets 

are changing rapidly toward net-centric, 

integrated mission-based solutions,” said 

Borky. “In this environment, it’s all about 

information. Our radar systems must act as 

information appliances, our missiles as 

nodes in the network. This is a whole 

Laurel Gutierrez 

Program Area Chief 

Engineer, 

Space and Airborne 

Systems 

As a chief engineer for many SAS technology 

pursuits, I must quickly evaluate the proposed 

technology and help define system 

concepts that deliver the right solutions to 

the customer’s problems. In most cases, the 

timelines are short, but sometimes we have 

only a few days to formulate the system 

approach. The RCAP training provided me 

with valuable tools and concepts for developing 

architectures that are vital to my 

current assignment. 

I joined Raytheon in 1989, and in 1993 

graduated from the University of Southern 

California with a master’s degree in systems 

architecting and engineering. At that time, 

most of my colleagues thought I was 

changing careers and planning to start 

designing libraries and housing tracts. I had 

to explain the concept of systems architecting 

so often that I occasionally just shortened 

the degree title to systems engineering. 

Everyone understood that — no need 

for lengthy, philosophical explanations. So, 

it has been with great pleasure that I have 

observed over the years the emergence of 

different way of thinking about systems, 

and first-class architecting is the path to 

success in this new world.” 

RCAP EXPERIENCES – Engineer Profile 

To provide the world-class architects needed 

to meet this challenge head on, RCAP 

begins with senior systems architects who 

are hand-picked by business leadership, and 

exposes them to a series of workshops, 

which highlight key standards, frameworks 

and architecting practices from across the 

industry and customer base. The 

Information Architecture’s series of eight 

courses, attended over a period of six 

months, introduces students to the 

Zachman framework, The Open Group 

the field of systems architecting into a 

mainstream practice. 

I entered the first wave of the RCAP program 

with over 20 years of experience in 

system engineering and architecting, 

design, development, and operations of 

USAF, NASA, MDA, and national and commercial 

space and ground systems. As one 

of the founding members of the Raytheon 

Architecture Review Board, I was not only a 

student, but a sponsor and evaluator of the 

course. The first wave was filled with seasoned 

architects who unilaterally gave the 

instructors and each other a hard time, and 

generally groused our way through the pain 

of simultaneously creating and attending a 

brand new course. We made quite a few 

course adjustments along the way, but I 

came to realize that there was much I didn’t 

know about systems architecting, and probably 

a lot I would never be completely at 

ease doing myself. It was both enlightening 

and disheartening. 

Today I have a much better awareness of 

the broader spectrum of architecting 

approaches, theories and tools. This has 

helped me make much better decisions 

about how to approach each particular 

architecting challenge.

P r o v i d e s C u s t o m e r s 

W i t h M u c h - N e e d e d E x p e r t i s e 

Architecture Framework (TOGAF), the 

Department of Defense Architecture 

Framework (DoDAF), the Federal Enterprise 

Architecture Framework (FEAF), as well as 

best practices for software architecting and 

the evaluation of architectures from the 

Software Engineering Institute (SEI). The 

Raytheon Enterprise Architecture Process 

(REAP) unifies these various perspectives on 

architecting and provides the opening and 

capstone courses for RCAP. 

The first wave of RCAP began in April 2004. 

At the end of 2006, the program contained 

162 participating architects in six waves. 

Eighty-three participants have completed 

RCAP EXPERIENCES – Architect Profile 

Glenn Martin 

NTx Systems Engineering 

Technical Director and 

Senior Engineering Fellow 

While attending the inaugural wave of the 

Raytheon Certified Architect Program 

(RCAP), it became apparent that I was 

indeed an architect — and had unknowingly 

been one for some time. As is common 

with many architects, my earliest architecting 

was done at the product level and 

expanded over time to include systems, 

product lines and large-scale enterprise-level 

systems of systems. 

In the mid-1980s, I participated on a team 

that architected a communications system. 

We focused on the goals of reusable software, 

common hardware components and 

minimal support elements. The resulting 

design had well-defined functional boundaries 

with common hardware and software 

structures. That system remains in operation 

today, and while in production for decades, 

very few systems were produced with the 

same hardware or software. The architecture 

that we developed was successful in allowing 

the components to evolve and improve over 

time. Since then, my endeavors have 

migrated from architecting products against 

specifications to architecting system 

approaches against operational needs. 

training and 18 have been certified by 

Raytheon’s Architecture Review Board. 

Raytheon’s goal is to reach a steady state of 

100 Raytheon Certified Architects, which 

will likely require the training of approximately 

500 people from across the company. 

In addition to RCAP, Raytheon’s Leadership 

and Innovative Learning organization offers 

a number of beginning and intermediate 

architecting courses. Contact Larri Ann 

Rosser at larri_rosser@raytheon.com for 

more information on these programs. 

For information about RCAP, contact Randy 

Case at randy_r_case@raytheon.com. • 

The RCAP experience provided me with a 

greater academic understanding of the 

process of architecting and an improved 

understanding of the standard frameworks 

and products used to document architectures. 

I also came to understand that, while 

most architecture publications focus on IT 

systems, the architecture practices are 

directly applicable to the solutions that we 

provide our customer base. 

My RCAP experience became invaluable 

while working on the Homeland Security 

Enterprise Campaign. As the lead architect 

on a small team, we created the Intelligent 

Border Architecture (IBA). The IBA was the 

first reference architecture defended before 

the Raytheon Architecture Review Board 

(ARB), and subsequently the first formally 

approved Raytheon reference architecture. 

As a Raytheon Certified Architect, a member 

of the NCS ARB and a frequent participant 

in the Raytheon ARB, I believe we face 

several current challenges in the realm of 

architecting. One is the continued refinement 

of our architectures to increase the 

value provided to our design teams to 

improve speed to market and improve our 

productivity. However, perhaps the greatest 

challenge right now is to find the right balance 

between “strategic” and “tactical” 

architecting to enable both near-term business 

gains and long-term growth. 

Do you know a middle or high school 

student looking ahead to college? Or 

perhaps you’ve seen a teacher or volunteer 

who has inspired students to study 

mathematics? If so, you may be interested 

in Raytheon’s MathMovesU grants 

and scholarship program — a $1 million 

fund to support middle and high school 

students, teachers and schools. 

Middle School and High School Grants 

Students don’t have to be math whizzes 

to apply for a college scholarship and a 

grant for their school. By writing a short 

essay, students can share their creative 

and innovative ideas about how to make 

learning and teaching math fun and 

exciting. Students can garner a $1,000 

scholarship with a matching $1,000 

grant to his or her school. In the first 

year, more than 1,500 middle and high 

school students applied, submitting ideas 

ranging from providing graphing calculators 

in classrooms to developing a 

MathMovesU board game. 

Math Hero Awards 

to Succeed 

Teachers, coaches and volunteers who 

inspire students to learn and enjoy math 

are eligible to receive individual Math 

Hero grants of $2,500. In addition, a 

grant of $2,500 is awarded to their 

school or the local MATHCOUNTS ® 

program. Thirty-three Math Heroes were 

recognized for their efforts in 2006. 

One innovative teacher helped inspire 

her students by doing a cartwheel if the 

class could catch her making a mistake 

on a math problem. 

Since the program’s inception, Raytheon 

has awarded more than $1 million. 

To learn more about MathMovesU 

and to apply for a scholarship, visit 

www.mathmovesu.com. • 


U.S. Patents 

Issued to Raytheon 

At Raytheon, we encourage people 

to work on technological challenges 

that keep America strong and develop 

innovative commercial products. Part 

of that process is identifying and 

protecting our intellectual property. 

Once again, the U.S. Patent Office 

has recognized our engineers and 

technologists for their contributions 

in their fields of interest. We 

compliment our inventors who 

were awarded patents from 

September 2006 through January 2007. 

JOHN S. ANDERSON 

JAMES B. ANDREW 

ROBERT K. DODDS 

ANDREW B. FACCIANO 

STEPHEN D. HAIGHT 

LARRY G. KRAUSE 

TODD E. SESSLER 

DMITRY B. SHMOYS 

DAVID VAN LUE 

7110602 System and method for detection of image edges 

using a polar algorithm process 

KENN S. BATES 

DAVID B. CHANG 

KENNETH M. KUNZ 

BARTON H. ROWLETT 

7114384 Acoustic adiabatic liquid quantity sensor 

LOUIS LUH 

7116260 Mismatch shaped analog-to-digital converter 

CYNTHIA E. DANIELL 

DAVID B. SHU 

7116265 Recognition algorithm for the unknown target 

rejection based on shape statistics obtained from orthogonal 

distance function 

PAUL M. INGRAM JR 

ARCHIE H. MUSE 

7117132 Sensitivity of iterative spectrally smooth 

temperature/emissivity separation to instrument noise 

JUAN F. LAM 

THEOFANIS MAVROMATIS 

7119732 Bistatic and multistatic system for space 

situational awareness 

KEVIN L. BALCH 

TUNNEY A. DONG 

JEFFREY K. FIELDS 

H. HUTCHINGS IV 

WILLIAM W. KAAKE 

ROSEMARIE SPENCER 

7120013 System and method for transferring large amounts 

of stored data 

FRANK N. CHEUNG 

RICHARD CHIN 

7120814 System and method for aligning signals in multiple 

clock systems 

JAMES FLORENCE 

CLAY E. TOWERY 

7121036 Method and apparatus for safe operation of an 

electronic firearm sight depending upon the detection of a 

selected color 

KAPRIEL V. KRIKORIAN 

ROBERT A. ROSEN 

7121502 Pseudo GPS aided multiple projectile 

bistatic guidance 


MARK A. GOHLKE 

HUMPHREY W. HA 

CHARLES M. HANSON 

ROGER KNOTT 

ROBERT A. OWEN 

VICKI D. PAUL 

7122788 Adaptively reducing offset in a thermal 

imaging cameras 

JOHN R. SELIN 

7123096 Quadrature offset power amplifier 

GARY A. FRAZIER 

7123882 Digital phased array architecture and associated 

method 

JAMES FLORENCE 

CLAY E. TOWERY 

7124531 Method and apparatus for safe operation of an 

electronic firearm sight 

JOHN R. ARCHER 

ROY P. MCMAHON 

7126445 Arc-fault detecting circuit-breaker system with 

status indicator structure 

ANDREW K. BROWN 

KENNETH W. BROWN 

JAMES R. GALLIVAN 

PHILIP D. STARBUCK 

7126477 Millimeter-wave area-protection system and method 

CHARLES T. HANSEN 

MICHAEL E. LAWRENCE 

7126524 Motion compensation for convolutional 

SAR algorithms 


7126530 Non-coherent high-power directed-energy system 

and method 

CRAIG R. RIGGS 

7127576 Method and system for data duplication 

ROBERT C. EARL 

JOHN R. GUARINO 

ROBERT M. OLSON 

7128017 A corrosion resistant connection system 

LE T. PHAM 

7129489 Method and apparatus providing single bump, 

multi-color pixel architecture 

ANDREW J. GABURA 

GEOFFREY G. HARRIS 

7130062 Rapid-response electron-beam deposition system 

having a controller using leading and trailing deposition indicators 

GARY SCHWARTZ 

WILLIAM G. WYATT 

7130189 Method and apparatus for cooling a portable computer 

RONALD T. AZUMA 

7131060 System and method for automatic placement of 

labels for interactive graphics applications 

ELI E. GORDON 

MICHAEL D. JACK 

7132655 Improved passive millimeter wave sensor using 

high temperature superconducting leads 

ROBERT C. ALLISON 

RON K. NAKAHIRA 

JOON PARK 

7132723 Micro electro-mechanical system device with 

piezoelectric thin film actuator 

JAMES R. WHITTY 

7133219 Telescopic sighting device with variable exit pupil 

IAN B. KERFOOT 

JAMES G. KOSALOS 

7133326 Method and system for synthetic aperture sonar 

ALEXANDER A. BETIN 

ROBERT W. BYREN 

ROBIN A. REEDER 

7133427 Phase conjugate laser and method with 

improved fidelity 

YURI OWECHKO 

DAVID B. SHU 

7133699 System and method for separating signals received 

by an overloaded antenna array 

RICHARD L. SITZMANN 

GREGORY A. WILKINSON 

7137599 Launcher with dual mode electronics 

PERRY MACDONALD 

7138937 Radar system having low-profile circulator 

DANIEL T. MCGRATH 

TIMOTHY H. SHIVELY 

7138952 Array antenna with dual polarization and method 

CORNELL DRENTEA 

7139545 Ultra-wideband fully synthesized high-resolution 

receiver and method 

JOE A. ORTIZ 

7141940 Method and control circuitry for providing 

average current mode control in a power converter and an 

active power filter 

LEVEN H. GOREE 

7142054 Amplifying signals using a quadrature coupled 

amplifier 

CHARLES T. HANSEN 

7142149 Mensuration for the conformal range migration 

algorithm 

VINH N. ADAMS 

WESLEY H. DWELLY 

7142153 Short pulse/stepped frequency radar system 

GABOR DEVENYI 

7143661 Leadscrew mechanical drive with differential 

leadscrew follower structure and brake 

RICHARD M. LLOYD 

7143698 Tandem warhead 

GEORGE BARBASTATHIS 

DELMAR L. BARKER 

DENNIS J. GARROOD 

JOHN D. JOANNOPOULOS 

SANG-GOOK KIM 

NITESH N. SHAH 

HARRY A. SCHMITT 

7145124 Multispectral imaging chip using photonic crystals 

TAMRAT AKALE 

ALLEN WANG 

7145418 Bandpass filter 

DOUGLAS M. KAVNER 

7145475 Predictive automatic incident detection using 

automatic vehicle identification 

KWANG M. CHO 

LEO H. HUI 

7145496 Autofocus method based on successive parameter 

adjustments for contrast optimization 

KAPRIEL V. KRIKORIAN 

ROBERT A. ROSEN 

7145497 Robust detection technique of fixed and moving 

ground targets using a common waveform 

KWANG M. CHO 

LEO H. HUI 

7145498 Efficient autofocus method for swath SAR 

GARIN S. BIRCSAK 

JONATHAN D. GORDON 

JOHN K. KEIGHARN 

IRWIN L. NEWBERG 

7145504 Arbitrary radar target synthesizer (ARTS) 

SCOTT W. SPARROLD 

7145734 Windowed optical system having a tilted optical 

element to correct aberrations 

PILEIH CHEN 

7148839 Operational bistatic radar system synchronization 

MOHAMED K. NEZAMI 

7151405 Estimating power amplifier on-linearity in 

accordance with memory depth

VINH N. ADAMS 

DENNIS C. BRAUNREITER 

WESLEY H. DWELLY 

7151478 Pseudo-orthogonal waveforms radar system, 

quadratic polyphase waveforms radar, and methods for locating 

targets 

REZA M. DIZAJI 

RICK MCKERRACHER 

ANTHONY M. PONSFORD 

7151483 System and method for concurrent operation 

of multiple radar or active sonar systems on a common 

frequency 


JAMES R. GALLIVAN 

7151494 Reflective and transmissive mode monolithic 

millimeter wave array system and oscillator using same 

SCOTT M. HESTON 

7154337 Amplifying a signal using a control modulator 

that provides a bias resistance 

TONY C. CHIANG 

DOUGLAS W. DIETZ 

MARK R. FRANKLIN 

LOUIS C. MOE 

DOMINIC S. NUCCITELLI 

LEAH O. VALMIDIANO 

7154369 Passive thermal switch 

ALBERT E. COSAND 

7158062 Clocked dac current switch 

WILLIAM D. AUTERY 

MARISSA BARNARD 

ALLAN L. BUEHLER 

DONALD B. CHRISTIAN 

ATHANASIOS J. SYLLAIOS 

GREGORY S. TYBER 

ROBERT D. WALKER 

7159419 System and methof for vapor pressure 

controlled growth of infrared chalcogenide glasses 

WILLIAM D. AUTERY 

MARISSA BARNARD 

DONALD B. CHRISTIAN 

GREGORY S. TYBER 

7159420 System and method for forming infrared glass 

optical components 

KEVIN W. CHEN 

RICHARD M. WEBER 

7161802 Thermal management system having porous 

fluid transfer element 

CHAD E. BOYACK 

JON N. LEONARD 

THOMAS H. LIND 

STEPHEN E. MATTINGLY 

WILLIAM R. OWENS 

7162285 Detector and method for detecting telephoneactivated 

devices in idle state 

GEORGE A. BLAHA 

RICHARD DRYER 

CHRIS E. GESWENDER 

ANDREW J. HINSDALE 

7163176 2-D projectile trajectory correction system 

and method 

RUSSELL B. CLINE 

DONALD E. CROFT 

CHARLES M. DE LAIR 

CHRISTOPHER P. OWAN 

SHANE P. STILSON 

7165465 Dynamic load fixture for application of torsion 

loads for rotary mechanical systems 

I n t e r n a t i o n a l P a t e n t s I s s u e d 

t o R a y t h e o n 

Congratulations to Raytheon technologists 

from all over the world. We would 

like to acknowledge international patents 

issued from October 2006 through 

January 2007. These inventors are 

responsible for keeping the company on 

the cutting edge, and we salute their 

innovation and contributions. 

Titles are those on the U.S.-filed patents; 

actual titles on foreign counterparts are 

sometimes modified and not recorded. 

While we strive to list current international 

patents, many foreign patents 

issue much later than the corresponding 

U.S. patents and may not yet be reflected. 

AUSTRIA 

JAMES L. LANGSTON 

1422680 Method and apparatus for providing an aircraft 

emergency safety control system 

CANADA 

ANTHONY S. CARRARA 

PAUL A. DANELLO 

2461559 Wedgelock system 

R.D. BREEN 

2462690 Pin straightening tool 

JAMES G. SMALL 

2381265 Optical magnetron for high efficiency production of 

optical radiation, and 1/2 lambda induced Pi-mode operation 

MICHAEL RAY 

2417924 Advanced high speed, multi-level uncooled 

bolometer and method for fabricating same 

ERNEST C. FACCINI 

RICHARD M. LLOYD 

2433805 Warhead with aligned projectiles 

BRUCE F. KAROFFA 

ALBERT D. SCALO 

2172095 Precision time of day counter 

ROY P. MCMAHON 

2381266 Arc-fault detecting circuit breaker system 

CHINA 

DAVID D. CROUCH 

WILLIAM E. DOLASH 

03802075.0 Optically transparent millimeter wave reflector 

DENMARK, FINLAND, GERMANY, GREAT 

BRITAIN, ITALY, SWEDEN 

SHAHROKH HASHEMI-YEGANEH 

1055264 Broadband microstrip to parallel-plate-waveguide 

transition 

FRANCE, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN, ITALY, 

NETHERLANDS, SPAIN, SWEDEN 

RICHARD E. HODGES 

JAMES M. IRION II 

NICHOLAS. SCHUNEMAN 

1425822 Balun and groundplanes for decade band tapered 

slot antenna and method of making same 

MICHAEL J. DELCHECCOLO 

JAMES T. HANSON 

MARK E. RUSSELL 

HBARTELD B. VANREES 

WALTER G. WOODINGTON 

1422533 Video amplifier for a radar receiver (automotive) 

FRANCE, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN, SWEDEN 

CLAUDIO S. HOWARD 

CLIFTON QUAN 

DAVID T. WINSLOW 

1082789 Threaded double sided compressed wire bundle 

connector 

FRANCE, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN 

DAVID D. CROUCH 

WILLIAM E. DOLASH 

1419553 Quasi-optical variable beamsplitter 

ROBERT W. BYREN 

WILLIAM S. GRIFFIN 

1514332 Laser cooling apparatus and method 

RICHARD M. DAVIS 

BRUNO A. MARTINEZ 

0707380 Parallel cascaded integrator/comb filter 

CHENG-CHIH TSAI 

1279051 Shaping optic for diode light sheets 

ALFRED SORVINO 

1305564 Fin lock system 

CHUNGTE W. CHEN 

RONALD G. HEGG 

WILLIAM B. KING 

1377864 External pupil lens systems 

THOMAS A. DRAKE 

JOHN L. VAMPOLA 

RICHARD H. WYLES 

1543617 Analog load driver 

GERMANY 

JAMES L. LANGSTON 

1422680 Method and apparatus for providing an aircraft 

emergency safety control system 

ISRAEL 

DAVID B. COHN 

149035 Laser pulse slicer and dual wavelength converter 

for chemical sensing 

MARY D. ONEILL 

149831 Method and apparatus for aircraft protection 

against missile threats 

NICHOLAS B. SACCKETTI 

ANTHONY V. HEWITT 

151461 Pseudo-randomized infrared blurring array 


THOMAS A. DRAKE 

151464 Common aperture reflector antenna with improved 

feed design 

G. V. ANDREWS 

GARY A. FRAZIER 

152591 Phased array antenna data re-alignment 

JOHN M. TROMBETTA 

154682 Glass reaction via liquid encapsulation 

MARY D. ONEILL 

WILLIAM H. WELLMAN 

1384734 Multicolor staring missile sensor system 

SOUTH KOREA 

ARYEH PLATZKER 

634645 Transistor amplifier having reduced 

parastitic oscillations 

MARLIN C. SMITH JR 

635404 Radio frequency clamping circuit 

ROBERT C. ALLISON 

JAR J. LEE 

CLIFTON QUAN 

655823 Wideband 2-D electronically scanned array with 

compact CTS feed and MEMs phase shifters 

KURT S. KETOLA 

ALAN L. KOVACS 

JACQUES F. LINDER 

668014 Dielectric interconnect frame incorporating 

EMI shield and hydrogen absorber for tile T/R modules 

TAIWAN 

COLIN S. WHELAN 

I264129 Sulfide encapsulation passivation technique 


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Copyright © 2007 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. 

Approved for public release. Printed in the USA. 

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Technology Today 2007 Issue 1 - Raytheon

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