Associations and the Exercise of Democratic ... - Citizenship DRC

IDS WORKING PAPER 285Appendix BWe report here the probit models for determining active citizenship, mobilisinggovernment, and direct civil relations in São Paulo and Mexico City. Following, wepresent the probit models for participation in association. After interpretingassociational participation we return to the first set of models to discuss theappropriateness of the specifications.Table B.1 Probit models for active citizens, mobilising governmentand direct demands – São PauloVariable Active Citizens Mobilising Government Direct RelationsCoefficient Sign. Coefficient Sign. Coefficient Sign.Labour market – Outside -0.37 0.000 -0.42 0.000 -0.34 0.004EducationPrimary -0.33 0.002 -0.52 0.000 -0.61 0.003Higher 0.19 0.034 0.24 0.028 0.13 0.340Gender – Women 0.11 0.150Secular Assoc. Activity 0.64 0.000 0.64 0.000 0.28 0.007ReligionEvangelical -0.22 0.064Catholic -0.18 0.064Territorial Dummies -0.81 0.005 -0.88 0.005 -0.69 0.125– GrajauIncome (hh) – Low -0.24 0.040Race – Black 0.41 0.007Constant -0.25 0.000 -0.57 0.000 -1.09 0.000Model 1 No. observations : 1292 ; Chi2 : 152.40Model 2 No. observations : 1292 ; Chi2 : 162.42Model 3 No. observations : 1292 ; Chi2 : 61.47Explaining participation in association: We explain participation associations throughprobit models. The model for São Paulo is relatively robust. The model for MexicoCity, however, is weak, with limited explanatory power. Nonetheless, the particularvariables that are significant in the Mexico City model do allow us to draw someconclusions, such as the strong gendered nature of the city’s associationalparticipation, and as in many other national contexts, the high levels of associationalparticipation of public sector workers (through union members). Here we reportpropensity to participate given different characteristics; these figures are explainedto elaborate on inequality relations in civic activities.44