Associations and the Exercise of Democratic ... - Citizenship DRC

IDS WORKING PAPER 285for São Paulo: those with some associational relation (treated) and those withoutany (control group). The variables are those that were used to generate probabilityof associational participation. This model differs from those used previously. Themeans are shown for the two groups first from the data as it is, and then aftersome observations have been discarded because they could not be matched. Thep-values show that after observations are matched, in only the case of one of thevariables does the mean income in second category differ statistically. For all othervariables the means cannot be distinguished between the treated and controlmatched groups. A similar table for Mexico was constructed and the results weresimilar.Table B.7 São Paulo – covariates summary before and after matchingMean %reduct t-testVariable Sample Treated Control %bias bias t p>|t|edband4 Unmatched 0.3125 0.19817 26.4 4.28 0.000Matched 0.3125 0.27174 9.4 64.3 1.09 0.276edband1 Unmatched 0.0462 0.14081 -32.9 -4.81 0.000Matched 0.0462 0.05707 -3.8 88.5 -0.60 0.551gender Unmatched 0.49728 0.60365 -21.5 -3.40 0.001Matched 0.49728 0.4375 12.1 43.8 1.46 0.145incband1 Unmatched 0.11413 0.22555 -30.0 -4.52 0.000Matched 0.11413 0.10326 2.9 90.2 0.42 0.671incband2 Unmatched 0.52989 0.57106 -8.3 -1.31 0.192Matched 0.52989 0.63043 -20.2 -144.2 -2.49 0.013incband3 Unmatched 0.23641 0.16428 18.1 2.92 0.004Matched 0.23641 0.22283 3.4 81.2 0.39 0.695relig1 Unmatched 0.2663 0.20991 13.3 2.12 0.034Matched 0.2663 0.26359 0.6 95.2 0.07 0.940regdummy_6 Unmatched 0.06793 0.09387 -9.5 -1.46 0.144Matched 0.06793 0.08152 -5.0 47.6 -0.63 0.530If the matched control and treated groups are equally active then associationalimpact on being active is essentially very small or negligible. We next show that thepropensities to be active for the treated and control groups are different. We notethat propensity to be active remains different when pairs are matched by similarcharacteristics. In fact, the difference in being active is widened for thecorresponding groups.50