Engineering Manual o.. - HVAC.Amickracing

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AIR HANDLING SYSTEM CONTROL APPLICATIONSFEATURES1. Outdoor air is used for cooling (or to supplement thechilled water system) anytime the OA enthalpy is belowthe economizer setpoint.2. OA enthalpy considers total heat and will take advantageof warm dry low enthalpy OA and will block out coolmoist OA, thus saving more energy than a dry-bulb basedeconomizer loop.3. Economizer decision should be global and broadcast overthe digital system network to other AHU systems.4. Operator options for overriding the basic decision andfor selecting OA DB economizer changeover duringperiods of humidity sensor maintenance or failure..5. The test-and-balance minimum OA damper positionedvalue is provided as text. If the operator adjusts theminimum OA damper value, there is no longer a point ofreference as to what it should be without this note.OA RH sensor is bad), a manual economizerON command (for use if the chiller plant is notready to run for any reason), and a manualeconomizer OFF command (for use if theoutdoor air is poor or a sensor malfunctions inthe summer).This enhanced scheme has the same programinputs (OA temperature, OA humidity) and thesame output (the economizer decision status) as abasic OA enthalpy decision program. Theenhancements are all software. After initialdevelopment and testing of the program (includingthe graphic development) this program can becataloged, selected, and subsequently loaded onother projects for no appreciable additional costover the basic program.CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL OPERATION1. A high quality RH sensor with at least 2% accuracyshould be selected.2. Periodic maintenance of the humidity sensor is provided.3. An estimate of the typical return air enthalpy is neededto determine the optimum changeover setpoint.NOTE: This OA enthalpy changeover decision isgenerally recommended unless the systemfalls into the range where OA dry bulb or OA/RA enthalpy comparison should beconsidered.LIMITATIONSA high dry-bulb limit setpoint should be included to preventthe enthalpy decision from bringing in air too warm for thechilled water coil to cool down.SPECIFICATIONSA global economizer program function shall be providedto switch all AHUs from OA cooling to minimum OAbased upon an OA enthalpy calculation setpoint, exceptthe system shall be locked out of the economizer modeanytime the OA DB is higher than 81°F. Software shallalso be provided to allow the user to switch, with anappropriate commandable setpoint, the decision to bebased upon OA dry bulb or to lock the system into or outof the economizer mode.NOTE: The preceding graphic is an example of amajor benefit of digital control systems. Thisgraphic implies several enhancements over asimple economizer decision. It gives the userfour economizer control software selectableoptions; an automatic OA enthalpy basedeconomizer decision, an automatic OA drybulb based economizer decision (for use if thePSYCHROMETRIC ASPECTS1. The following chart shows a comparison between an OAenthalpy and an OA DB economizer decision. Forcomparison, the enthalpy changeover setpoint is 29 Btuper pound (Line 3), and the dry bulb setpoint is 75°F(Line 4).2. If the changeover decision is based upon enthalpy, thesystem will be in the economizer mode anytime theoutdoor air lies in the area below Line 3 and to the left ofLine 6.3. If the changeover decision is based upon dry bulbtemperature, the system will be in the economizer modeanytime the outdoor air lies to the left of Line 4.4. Area 1 contains high enthalpy, low temperature air thatwould be used for free cooling if the decision was basedupon OA dry bulb. This excess enthalpy would burdenthe chiller unnecessarily.5. Area 6 contains low enthalpy, high temperature air thatwould be not used for free cooling if the decision wasbased upon OA dry bulb. This low enthalpy would reducethe chiller load.6. Line 3 represents the dry bulb value, to the right of whichthe cooling coil could not handle the sensible load, nomatter how dry the air is. This is the high temperatureeconomizer cutout line used with the enthalpy and OA/RA enthalpy comparison economizer decision.3ENTHALPYCONTROLSELECTS OAENTHALPYCONTROLSELECTS RA2OA DBCONTROLLERSELECTS OA14675°F DB, 54% RHENTHALPYCHANGEOVERLINE, 29 BTU/LB7HIGH OA DBCUT-OUTOA DBCONTROLLERSELECTS RA5C2565-1ENGINEERING MANUAL OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL200
AIR HANDLING SYSTEM CONTROL APPLICATIONSECONOMIZER CYCLE DECISION—OUTDOOR AIR/RETURN AIRENTHALPY COMPARISONFunctional DescriptionENTHALPYBTU PER POUND29.0 678 454 5EARA83 10OA1 2MA49 5216.8ENTHALPYBTU PER POUND83ECONOMIZER MODE SELECTOR91CONTROLPROGRAM11OTHER INPUTSAND OUTPUTS3 822OA MINIMUM SETPOINT(NOTE: THE TEST ANDBALANCE INITIALVALUE FOR PROPERVENTILATION IS 22)1 = AUTO BASED UPON OA/RAENTHALPY COMPARISON.72 = AUTO BASED UPON OA DBBELOW 72.0 DEGREES3 = MANUAL, ECONOMIZER ON.4 = MANUAL, ECONOMIZER OFF.NOTE:THE SYSTEM IS LOCKED OUT OF THE ECONOMIZERMODE ANYTIME THE OA DRY BULB ISABOVE 81.0 DEGREES.M10456ItemNo.Function1 Sensor senses OA temperature.2 Sensor senses OA humidity.3 OA enthalpy calculated from OA temperatureand humidity.4 Sensor senses RA temperature.5 Sensor senses RA humidity.6 RA enthalpy calculated from OA temperatureand humidity.7 Economizer mode selector and commandschedule.8 Setpoint for minimum OA damper position.9 Actuator positions OA and RA dampers.10 Actuator positions EA dampers.11 Control program coordinates occupancy,temperature, smoke control, and ventilationcontrols.ENGINEERING MANUAL OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL201
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ENGINEERING MANUAL ofAUTOMATICCONTR
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Copyright 1934, 1940, 1953, 1988, 1
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PREFACEThe purpose of this manual i
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSElectronic Cont
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSDeviation—The
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSHVAC SYSTEM CHA
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSInfiltration is
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSROTATINGGRANULA
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS-PATHOFIONSAIRF
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSOPENFINALCONTRO
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSTIME PROPORTION
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSON“CLOSE”SW
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSOUTDOOR AIRTEMP
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSPROPORTIONAL-IN
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSCONTROLLERVALVE
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSIn terms of hea
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSFLAPPERSPRINGSI
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSimpact of the j
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CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSCHARACTERISTICS
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALSWAT
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALShea
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALS19.
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALS0°
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALSREF
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALSThi
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALSCOO
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALS90
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FUNDAMENTALSFig
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSMain
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSFrom
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSA tem
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSSome
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSPRESS
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSnozzl
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSSENSO
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSFigur
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSBRANC
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSMROOM
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSCAPAC
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSHESIT
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSM13MD
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSLow-l
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSPNEUM
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSPNEUM
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSSUPPL
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSDISCH
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSLOW-VO
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSSERIES
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSLOW-LI
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSCONTRO
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSSERIES
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSOPERAT
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSBRIDGE
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSTWO-PO
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSA 135-
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ELECTRIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSMOMENT
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ELECTRONIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSINTR
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ELECTRONIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSTYPI
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ELECTRONIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSAnot
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ELECTRONIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSWIRE
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ELECTRONIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSTemp
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ELECTRONIC CONTROL FUNDAMENTALSTYPI
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MICROPROCESSOR-BASED/DDC FUNDAMENTA
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDAMENTALSINTR
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDAMENTALSRado
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDAMENTALSTabl
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDAMENTALSHEAL
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDAMENTALSPass
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Page 172 and 173: BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FUNDAMEN
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BUILDING AIRFLOW SYSTEM CONTROL APP
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CHILLER, BOILER, AND DISTRIBUTION S
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INDIVIDUAL ROOM CONTROL APPLICATION
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZINGVALVE SEL
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LINE PRESSURE IN PSIVALVE SELECTION
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZINGVALVE MAT
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZINGWhen butt
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZING— Graph
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZINGPRESSURE
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZING3640.443.
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZINGQUANTITY
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZINGThe criti
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VALVE SELECTION AND SIZINGTable 5.
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGDAMPER S
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGIn a low
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGFor typi
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGTORQUE R
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGwhen eit
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGStabilit
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGTable 4.
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGDAMPER P
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DAMPER SELECTION AND SIZINGLOUVERSO
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAHEATING DAT
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATACONVERSION
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAVOLUMEExist
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAHEAT TRANSF
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAFORCEEXAMPL
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATATHREE-PHASE
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATACONDUIT SIZ
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAVOLTAGE CON
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAAIRFLOW DAT
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAMOISTURE CO
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAENGINEERING
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAASHRAEGuide
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATACooling Tow
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAFlame Safeg
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAOperationSe
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATASeries 40Co
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GENERAL ENGINEERING DATAValve Contr
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