TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

51 Mouse 18 rno(C57BL/6) 5 d/wk5 hr/d4.3 (CEL: alveologenic Nettesheim et al.adenornas and 1971adenocarcinomas)CaCrO 4(VI)a The number corresponds to entries in Figure 2-1. Differences in levels of health effects and cancer effects between males and females are not indicated in figure 2-1. Where suchdifferences exist, only the levels of effect for the most sensitive gender are presented.b Occup = occupational exposure = 5 d/wk, 8 hr/dTABLE 2-1. Levels of Significant Exposure to Chromium - Inhalation (continued)LOAELExposure/Key to a Species duration/NOAEL Less serious Serious Reference/figure (strain) frequency System (mg Cr/m3) (mg Cr/m3)(mg Cr/m3)Formc Used to derive an intermediate inhalation minimal risk level (MRL) of 0.000005 mg chromium(Vl)/m3 for chromium (VI) trioxide and soluble chromium (VI) compounds. Exposureconcentration adjusted for intermittent exposure and divided by an uncertainty factor of 100 (10 for human variability and10 for extrapolating from a LOAEL).d Used to derive an intermediate inhalation minimal risk level (MRL) of 0.001 mg chromium(Vl)/m 3 for particulate chromium (VI) compounds. Benchmark concentration of 0.01 6 mgchromium (Vl)/m3 was divided by an uncertainty factor of 30 (3 for pharmacodynamic variability between species and 10 for human variability).(0) = 0 valence; (III) = trivalent; (IV) = tetravalent; (VI) = hexavalent; avg = average; BaCrO 4= barium chromate; BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; Bd Wt = body weight; CaCrO 4= calciumchromate; Cardio = cardiovascular; CEL = cancer effect level; Cr = chromium; CrCI 3= chromium trichloride; Cr(NO 3) 3SH 2O = chromium nitrate; CrO 2= chromium dioxide; CrO = 3chromium trioxide; Cr 2O 3= chromium oxide; Cr 2(SO) 3= chromium sulfate; d = day(s); Endocr = endocrine; F = female; Gastro = gastrointestinal; Hemato = hematological; hr = hour(s);K 2Cr 2O 7 = potassium dichromate; LC, = lethal concentration, 50% kill; LOAEL = lowest-observed-adverse-effect level; M = male; min = minute(s); mo = rnonth(s); Musc/Skel =muscular/skeletal; Na 2CrO = sodium chromate; Na = sodium dichromate dihydrate; 4(NH 4) 2Cr 2O = ammonium dichromate; NS = not specified; NOAEL =2Cr 2O 7C2H 2O7no-observed-adverse-effect level; (occup) = occupational; PbCrO = lead chromate; 4RBC = red blood cell; Resp = respiratory; WBC = white blood cell; wk = week(s); x = times; yr =year(s); ZnCrO4 = zinc chromate2. HEALTH EFFECTSCHROMIUM 27