262005 Goa, <strong>India</strong>5discussion on taleem<strong>India</strong> is heir to a long and rich tradition of learning.As part of this tradition, we <strong>have</strong> the pathbreakingcontributions of Gandhi, Tagore,Aurobindo, Krishnamurti, Vinoba B<strong>have</strong>, etc.These <strong>have</strong>, in turn, stimulated, inspired andemboldened a number of individuals andorganizations to strike out in significant, revolutionaryexperiments that cry <strong>for</strong> documentationand sharing.Many of these experiments in stimulating genuinelearning <strong>have</strong> been carried out in isolationand <strong>have</strong> at times been lonely and difficultjourneys. But <strong>they</strong> <strong>have</strong> succeeded in escapingthe deadening conventions of modern universalhomogenizing education and <strong>have</strong> enhancedthe meaning, joy, uniqueness andutility of learning.On the other hand, mainstream schooling hasnot travelled much from the days that colonialoverlord Macaulay set it up. His intention was tocreate a generation of clerks whose only learningcame from books. That basic system of‘education’ has continued without muchchange uptill now. Macaulay’s system hasbecome the basis of what is now called ‘factoryschooling’ since it is based on mass producingindividuals who are fed the same conceptsthrough the same text books year after year,while the world outside has changed long timeago.This chapter contains lively excerpts, discussions,interviews and documentation of some thinkingon learning that has successfully exorcisedMacaulay’s ghost.
2005 Goa, <strong>India</strong>27MANAV MUKUL DASAll the motivation to excel, in teachers and in students,is generated in school through competition.The means, fair or foul, hardly matter. Schoolsgenerally are a reflection of whatever is going on insociety. The emotions that prevail in schools areidentical with those that prevail in society: the killerinstinct, ambition, hatred, jealousy, rivalry, anxiety,and tension. The division of society between the richand the poor has given birth to schools <strong>for</strong> the richand schools <strong>for</strong> the poor, making the situation muchworse. Values are never learnt from a <strong>for</strong>mal curriculum.They are imbibed from a school’s in<strong>for</strong>malsocial atmosphere created by the network of relationshipswhich binds everyone and everything toeach other in the school.Every act of knowing is made up of a field that iskn<strong>own</strong>, a mind that knows, and the relationshipbetween the two. Even the most prized Institutionsof education today which focus on excellence, lookonly at the field to be kn<strong>own</strong>, and strive to putmaximum pressure on the mind to absorb in<strong>for</strong>mationand intellectual skills. Unconcerned whetherminds are getting twisted or cracking up, whethersociety is filling up with venomous emotions, the millsof education grind on.Will there be a change? How will conflict end? Ifit cannot end at once in the whole of society, shouldthe process not begin somewhere on a small scale?And should not the school get interested in the mindthat knows, in the relationship behind the knowerand the kn<strong>own</strong>, and in the ultimate ending of thatrelationship where the knower is the kn<strong>own</strong>; thesinger, the song; the dancer, the dance; the philosopher,the thought; the meditator, the silence; thelover, the beloved; the devotee, lost in the deity.JINANWhen I lived with tribal communities in the northeastand in Orissa, I observed how the children of thesecommunities learn without being schooled. I foundthat rural, tribal children are basically left to explorethe world on <strong>their</strong> <strong>own</strong>. And this is not a bad thing atall. A rural child begins to feed itself by the age oftwo and partakes of most activities around thehome by the age of four. To the modern mind,doing things at home is labour, but to the rural childit is part of growing up. Learning and playing are nottwo separate activities. As a result, while growing upnaturally, the rural, tribal kid acquires all the basicknowledge needed <strong>for</strong> its survival. Cultivating,animal breeding and rearing, constructing, repairing,tool making, even basic medication, these areall part of everyday living and learning. Only this isnot termed education by our modern urban system.What passes off as education incapacitates, shuns“doing” and makes one a passive thinker.On the other hand the urban, modern systemdeliberately alienates the child. Modern houses arenot child friendly. Have you noticed that, in modernhomes all activities happen beyond the eye andhand level of the child. Children like to take part inall adult activities. But urban children are deliberatelydiscouraged from learning anything on <strong>their</strong><strong>own</strong> or through <strong>their</strong> <strong>own</strong> perceptions so that when<strong>they</strong> go to school <strong>they</strong> can be taught everythingand then <strong>they</strong> can be considered educated.I <strong>have</strong> come to the conclusion that there is lackof free thinking in children because of the strongconditioning from family, school and society.Through our so-called education, we are culturallyuprooted and our world views are totally altered.More important, our intuitive abilities get destroyedand distorted. I <strong>have</strong> found that people, who <strong>have</strong>not been taught to draw or paint, do it better. Theyexpress themselves naturally and every line, stroke,hue and tone has its <strong>own</strong> rule, design and justification.The urban, modernsystem deliberatelyalienates the child.Modern houses arenot child friendly. Haveyou noticed that, inmodern homes allactivities happenbeyond the eye andhand level of thechild. Children like totake part in all adultactivities. But urbanchildren aredeliberatelydiscouraged fromlearning anything on<strong>their</strong> <strong>own</strong> or through<strong>their</strong> <strong>own</strong> perceptionsso that when <strong>they</strong> goto school <strong>they</strong> can betaught everything andthen <strong>they</strong> can beconsidered educated.– K.B. Jinan
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