WALENDYsolje-Russia-and-the-Jews

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Emigration—Between the WarsAmong the 1.16 millionRussian emigrants whoescaped the civil warconditions that existedafter 1917 were more than 200,000Jews. Of them, most turned toPoland, Germany and France forrefuge while some sought admissioninto Palestine, the U.S., Canada andthe countries of SouthAmerica.Theydid not play their own independentpolitical role, but instead were integratedinto the general trends comingout of NewYork that were steered byinternational Zionism.While one important participantin the creation of the Red Army, E.M. Sklyansky, built up a reputationin Moscow as “the greatest of the diamonddealers,” Mrs. Zinoviev, SlataBernstein-Lilina, attempted unsuccessfullya border crossing intoLithuania; the would-be emigre wascarrying “jewels valued at severaltens of thousands of millions ofrubles [several billion dollars—Ed].”The comment of Solzhenitsyn:“With all this, we are still attachedto the legend that the first revolutionary leaders were selflessidealists.” 189In the Western world, in the meantime, equating Bolshevismwith Jewry was becoming “the usual Europeanthinking of the time,” as Solzhenitsyn put it.Perhaps in 1922 Dr. Pasmanik was too hasty in hisopinions, but he wrote:EPHRAIM SKLYANSKYIn the whole civilized world, in all nations and themembers of all social classes and political parties, the beliefhas become stronger that the Jews have played a crucialrole in the emergence of Bolshevism and all itsformations. Our personal experience has showed us thefact that not only avowed anti-Semites are attached to thisopinion but . . . representatives of public opinion in thedemocracies are pointing to hard facts, i.e. to the role ofthe Jews in the Bolshevik movement, not only in Russia,but also in Hungary, Germany and everywhere else whereEphraim Sklyansky (a physician from a Jewishfamily) was a pitiless deputy of Trotsky in theRevolutionary War Council. He created the RedArmy together with Trotsky and Sverdlov, andparticipated with General Tukhachevsky and theregional Cheka head Lev Levin in ruthlesslycrushing the farmer uprisings. He “drowned”(many believe he was killed at the behest ofStalin) in 1925 during a mission to the U.S.Bolshevism has appeared. 190This opinion was fed by the unreservedsupport for Bolshevism onthe part of American Jewry. ThereSolzhenitsyn saw prevailing “theopinion that the fall of the Bolsheviksin Russia inevitably would entailfor the Jews the danger of a new,bloody wave of pogroms and ofmassive loss of life. . . . With this inmind, Bolshevism is preferred as thelesser evil.” 191It certainly would have beenmore meaningful to admit that:a) A heavy-consciousness ofguilt was in play in considering achange of power,b) Certain power objectives andexpectations about building up adangerous eastern front against Germanymilitated for a positive internationalreevaluation and strengtheningof Soviet might.When Stalin began with his eliminationof Trotsky and his close collaborators—the“Trotskyites”—andhis party began more or less obviouslyto “purge” Jews, “and anti-Jewish tendencies in theUSSR were echoed in the pages of the Soviet press,” 192 thisdid not overly agitate the “holy warriors” on the east coastof the USA, who otherwise were “anxious about the fate”of every mistreated Jew in foreign countries. Their calculationwas to use the USSR as a power factor against Germanyand therefore to sacrifice their ethnic brothers whomStalin was executing, and the fate of the German Jews wasalso unimportant.Even in 1939, on the eve of World War II, “it cannot bedenied that feeling among the Russian Jews abroad was toset their hopes in the inviolability of the Soviet dictatorship.. . .” Jewish public opinion in the whole world thusturned against Russia and in favor of the Bolsheviks.” 193The correct conclusion is drawn by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn:“[The fact] that in the Jewish milieu Bolshevism wasfavored affected the general course of events in Europe. 194What more need be said?✦T B R • P. O . B O X 1 5 8 7 7 • W A S H I N G T O N , D . C . 2 0 0 0 3 T H E B A R N E S R E V I E W 39
Jews Fell Under the Bolshevik Steamroller TooUnder Lenin’s “New Economic Policy” (NEP)of 1920, which persisted until 1927 and allowedcertain areas of free trade and business,the Jews of Russia, due to their often good relationswith foreign authorities and relief organizations,assumed a privileged position in comparison with the restof the population in terms of trade and starting new enterprises.In order to stimulate donations and investmentsfrom the American-Jewish bourgeoisie, the commissars inMoscow also developed a “generous” resettlement program.According to Solzhenitsyn:Initially, the plans provided for the resettlement of approximately100,000 families, or about 20% of the wholeJewish population of the USSR, into the southern Ukraineand into the north of the Crimea. Itwas intended to establish new, Jewishnational districts. But many refusedthe opportunities thispresented to go into agriculture despitetheir continuing unemployment.About half of all Jews whosaid they were willing to be resettledactually took up residence in the villagesof the new colonies. InUkraine and in Belarus about455,000 hectares [1,756 sq. mi.]were made available for Jewish colonization and in theCrimea 697,000 hectares [2,691 sq. mi.].Actually between 1919 and 1923 more than 23,000Jews . . . established themselves on lands now standingempty in the proximity of the shtetls and cities of the formerJewish settlement counties [to which they had beenconfined by the czars].” 195Even Jewish journalists abroad found the whole procedureimmoral, since the reassigned lands had been expropriatedfrom the former owners. Those were sitting inprison, had been deported into banishment or had alreadybeen shot. 196But at the beginning of the 1930s, when [the government]tried to take away their gold and valuable jewelry. . . practically the whole male Jewish population becamefamiliar with the interior of the prisons of the GPU. Evenin their worst nightmares under the czars, Jewish traderscould not have imagined undergoing such things. Inorder to free themselves from the status of the “personswithout rights,” many Jewish families moved . . . into“But at the beginning of the1930s, when the governmenttried to take away their goldand jewelry, practically thewhole male Jewish populationbecame familiar with theprisons of the GPU.”the large cities. . . . The traders were forced to close theirbusinesses. 197Even the Jewish agriculture program remained practicallywithout lasting effect, because the collectivization ofagriculture after 1927 expropriated the new Jewish settlersagain, merging under the slogan “internationalization” theJewish kolchoses with the non-Jewish ones. 198As compensation, so to speak, the committee for theland settlement of Jewish labor devised a project to resettleJews in general to Birobijan, an area as large as Switzerlandand located between two tributaries of the Amur Riverand the Chinese border—in any case, far away from thereal centers of power and Western Zionist influences.But there was no escaping from the Bolsheviks’ programsto strip people of all ownershipand property. One sentence of Solzhenitsyn’sis revelatory: the Bolshevikswere luring Jews at that time intoresettling in Birobijan with the baitthat this would protect them fromfalling into the status of “personswithout rights.”The author describes what awaitedthem there:The families, sent off with excessivehaste, arrived on location and were horrified at the conditionsthey saw. . . . In the first work year only 25 farmhouseswere built and only 125 hectares tilled, on none ofwhich seed was sown for the next year. Many did not remainfor a long time in Birobijan. . . . Of those who arrivedover the course of the whole year of 1928 more than halfhad abandoned Birobijan by February 1929. 199Parallel with the structural changes of 1937, which sawthe final end of [Lenin’s] “New Economic Policy,” withinthe Communist Party the overzealous Jewish committeesand Jewish sections of various agencies that had existedsince 1918 also were dissolved, whereby “all nationalforms of expression of Russian Jewry, including communistoutlets, were lost.” 200Solzhenitsyn from The Jews in the Soviet Union:Nevertheless, the closing of theYevsektsia [BolshevikRussian word for “Jewish sections”] did not excessivelydiscourage many of the former section members and other40 S E P T E M B E R / O C T O B E R 2 0 0 8 B A R N E S R E V I E W . C O M • 1 - 8 7 7 - 7 7 3 - 9 0 7 7 O R D E R I N G
Page 4 and 5: Personal from the MANAGING EditorRI
Page 6 and 7: those historians, particularly with
Page 8 and 9: F I R S T- T I M E E V E R E N G L
Page 10 and 11: What will be found in the following
Page 12 and 13: LEVI B. KAMENEV KARL RADEK JACOB SV
Page 14 and 15: Jewish authors tend to conceal the
Page 16 and 17: emigrated a long time ago, others r
Page 18 and 19: BRUTAL FORCED RELOCATIONSFarmers re
Page 21 and 22: The Black Book of Communism further
Page 23 and 24: 1934 asYeshov’s adviser, then as
Page 25 and 26: olutionary activity and for being f
Page 27 and 28: Pogroms in the Russian Civil WarSol
Page 29 and 30: hilating anyone who seemed to stand
Page 31 and 32: names of Jews, based on numerous So
Page 33 and 34: the tremendous crimes of the NKVD/M
Page 35 and 36: secret services came from Jewish fa
Page 37 and 38: Solzhenitsyn also refers to an arti
Page 39: At the beginning of 1919 thecommuni
Page 43 and 44: neers were dismissed or arrested. 2
Page 45 and 46: Communist Party was completely liqu
Page 47 and 48: This topic undoubtedly was too much
Page 49 and 50: Jewish evacuees including refugees
Page 51 and 52: Vyacheslav Molotov was Stalin’s t
Page 53 and 54: Stalin had expelled the Crimean Tat
Page 55: Hitler’s ‘Further Plans’As pr
Page 58 and 59: Even the veteran murder-inciter aga
Page 60 and 61: The Lubyanka Prison in Moscow: From
Page 62 and 63: Guidelines for RussiaI read in the
Page 64 and 65: Foundation of Wisconsin. Also plann
Page 66 and 67: Who Killed the Last Czar and Why?Wh
Page 68 and 69: Jewish History, Jewish Religion. By
Page 70 and 71: “My uncle, a doctor in the immedi
Page 72 and 73: The book that exposes theZionist-Is

WALENDYsolje-Russia-and-the-Jews

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