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WALENDYsolje-Russia-and-the-Jews

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The Lubyanka Prison in Moscow: From <strong>the</strong> beginning of Cheka/GPU rule in 1918 on, in its cellarsprisoners were systematically shot in <strong>the</strong> back of <strong>the</strong> head. The Cheka <strong>and</strong> GPU were judge-jury-<strong>and</strong>executionerwith <strong>the</strong>ir own absolute powers. At <strong>the</strong> peak of <strong>the</strong> arrests in <strong>the</strong> mid-1930s, paranoiareigned in <strong>the</strong> cities. Intellectuals slept with suitcases of clo<strong>the</strong>s <strong>and</strong> supplies under <strong>the</strong>ir beds. Arrestsusually came at night, when <strong>the</strong>re would be few witnesses. Private conversations were scrutinized asmuch as published work for any possible incriminating comment. In <strong>the</strong> later years, jokes that satirized<strong>the</strong> Soviet state were rated according to how many years one could get for repeating <strong>the</strong>m. Opportuniststook advantage of this frenzy to rid <strong>the</strong>mselves of opponents or of those st<strong>and</strong>ing in <strong>the</strong>ir way.Above: Lubyanka Prison as it appeared in 2003. Right: Lubyanka Prison in <strong>the</strong> 1920s.was renamed in December 1922, after <strong>the</strong> establishment of<strong>the</strong> USSR, as <strong>the</strong> OGPU (“Combined National Political Administration”).In July 1934 it was replaced by <strong>the</strong> NKVD(“People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs” including <strong>the</strong>“Main Office for Public Security”), which in 1946 wasbrought into <strong>the</strong> NKGB (“People’s [“Narodny”] Commissariatfor Public Security”). In post-Soviet <strong>Russia</strong> it is called<strong>the</strong> FSB. Vladimir Putin was its director before becomingprime minister, <strong>the</strong>n president.154Jüdischer Bolschewismus, op. cit., 140.155Jüdischer Bolschewismus, op. cit., 141, 199.156Juden in der Sovietunion, op. cit., 97.157Ibid., 99.158Ibid., 101.159Ibid., 102.160Ibid., 100.161Ibid., 85.162Ibid.163Ibid., 90-1.164Ibid., 92.165Ibid., 105.166Ibid., 109, 37.167Ibid., 110.168Ibid., 112.169Ibid., 165.170Ibid., 123-4.171Juden in der Sovietunion, op. cit., 283.172Ibid., 296.173Das Ende der Lügen, op. cit.174Juden in der Sovietunion, op. cit., 292.175Ibid., 294.176Ibid., 296 <strong>and</strong> 39.177Ibid., 295.178Jüdischer Bolschewismus, op. cit., 147-8 <strong>and</strong> 256.179Ibid., 156.180Ibid., 160.181Ibid., 6.182Juden in der Sovietunion, 147.183Jüdischer Bolschewismus, op. cit., 158.184Ibid., 66.185Mikhail Heller/Alex<strong>and</strong>er Nekrich, Geschichte derSowjetunion (“History of <strong>the</strong> Soviet Union) Vol. I/1914-1939“(transl. from <strong>Russia</strong>n), Königstein, Germany, 1981, 117-8.186Geschichte der Sowjetunion, op. cit., 125.187Juden in der Sovietunion, op. cit., 148.188Ibid., 147.189Ibid., 88.190Ibid., 181.191Ibid., 189.192Ibid., 205.193Ibid., 190.194Ibid., 195.195Ibid., 254-5.196Ibid., 253.197Ibid., 246.198Ibid., 257-8.199Ibid., 259.200Ibid., 262.201Ibid.202Ibid., 269-70.203Ibid., 270.204Ibid., 275.205Ibid., 276.206Black Book of Communism, op. cit., 191.207Ibid., 293.208Ibid., 294.209Juden in der Sovietunion, op. cit., 311, 43.210Ibid., 312f.211Juden in der Sovietunion, op. cit., 312.212Ibid.213Juden in der Sovietunion, op. cit., 133.214Black Book of Communism, op. cit., 133-4.215Juden in der Sovietunion, op. cit., 324.216Ibid., 397.217Ibid., 419.218Ibid., 411.219Ibid., 419.220Ibid., 415.221Ibid., 416.222Ibid., 420-21.223Ibid., 483.T B R • P. O . B O X 1 5 8 7 7 • W A S H I N G T O N , D . C . 2 0 0 0 3 T H E B A R N E S R E V I E W 59

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