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- 18 -2.8 COEFFICIENT OF SUBGRAPH -REACTIONIn the design of footings and wall foundations, the simplifiedconcept of subgrade can be used to determine wall rotations. This conceptis based on the assumption that the settlement, A* of any element of aloaded area is entirely independent of the load on the adjoining elements.It is further assumed that there is a constant ratio, K s$ between theintensity9 q* of the foundation pressure on the element and the correspondingsettlement, A* given by :i A(3)The foundation pressure s q s is called the subgrade reaction^ and the ratio,K ss is known as the coefficient of subgrade reaction.2.9 PERMEABILITYLumb (1975) has presented values of insitu permeability for HongKong residual soils. These are summarized in Table 2 and may be used togive some guidance. It should be noted, however 9 that other sources ofpermeability test results have revealed values well outside these rangesands when the particular value is critical in design, permeability testsshould be carried out. In this regard, Lumb has noted and subsequentinvestigations have confirmed that laboratory measurements of permeabilityof decomposed volcanics based on small intact tube specimens are two ordersof magnitude lower than values obtained from field tests. Lumb attributedthe difference to the influence of joints. Laboratory results 5 therefore*should be treated with caution*Table 2Insitu Permeabilities of Hong Kong Residual SoilsSoilDecomposed granitesPermeability(m/s)3 x ICf 7 to 4 xID' 5Decomposed volcanics-92 x 10 to 4 xID' 7
- 19-Procedures for determination of insitu permeability are givenin Chapter 2 of the Geotechnical Manual for Slopes.The permeabilities of granular backfill materials 9 in relation toparticle grading, are given in greater detail in Figure 20.
Page 2 and 3: UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONGLIBRARYHong
Page 4 and 5: Reprography by the Government Print
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTSPage NoFOREWORDCHAPTER 1 :
Page 9 and 10: - 5-Page NoCHAPTER/ : SHEET RETAINI
Page 11 and 12: - 7-1INDUCTION1.1 SCOPE Of THIS VES
Page 13 and 14: -9 -In general, the resulting desig
Page 15 and 16: "11-2SOIL2.1 GEWERALFor all walls h
Page 17 and 18: - 13 -2.3 UWIT WEIGHTThe unit weigh
Page 19 and 20: -15-S - c 1 + a s tan 0 f . (2)wher
Page 21: - 17-The effect of wall friction on
Page 26 and 27: -22-Table 3Wall Displacements Requi
Page 28 and 29: -24 -Passive calculations using Ran
Page 30 and 31: -26 -Vertical tension cracks will d
Page 32 and 33: -28-3.8 INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRICAL SH
Page 34 and 35: -30-(8)The depth 9 h c » below whi
Page 36 and 37: -32 -4.2 LIWE LOADSWhere there is a
Page 38 and 39: 5.2 EFFECT Of WATER ON EARTH PRESSU
Page 40 and 41: -36-The rate of seepage into the dr
Page 42 and 43: -38-Table 5Filter Criteria to be Us
Page 44 and 45: 5.5 CONTROL Of GROUMDWATERGroundwat
Page 46 and 47: -02-If the passive resistance of th
Page 48 and 49: 6.3*2 factor oi Sa{&tt/ agcumtThere
Page 50 and 51: Other factors which may influence t
Page 52 and 53: -08-6.6 FOUNDATIONS CONSTRUCTED ON
Page 55 and 56: - 51 -CHAPTER 7SHEET RETAINING STRU
Page 57 and 58: -55-The factor of safety with respe
Page 59: -55simulates the field construction
Page 62 and 63: - 58 -Table 7 Minimum Specification
Page 64 and 65: - 60 -9.2 VESIGNThe general design
Page 67 and 68: -63-CHAPTER 10SBTLeeirs ADJACENT TO
Page 69: -65-(b)Settlements resulting from d
Page 72 and 73:
- 68 -11.3 TOE PESIGNShear in a toe
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-70-provide adequate anchorage betw
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- 72 -ultimate capacity 9 and at a
Page 78 and 79:
Above 0.5% of steel, they proposed
Page 80 and 81:
-76-(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)Specify that the
Page 82 and 83:
-78-Danish Geotechnical Institute (
Page 84 and 85:
NAVFAC (1971), Design Manual - Soil
Page 87 and 88:
APPENDIX ASYFBOLAA!AS* A s l, A S 2
Page 89 and 90:
-85-point loadintensity of load on
Page 91:
-87-LIST OFBTable.Indicative propor
Page 94 and 95:
21 in 13122 for 13323 1975) 13524 1
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UJctGOLUOfCLX I—ITUJsuooLLLL81086
Page 101:
- 97-REDUCTION FACTOR, R 9OF Kp FOR
Page 105:
- 101 -FORCE POLYGONACTIVE ( FULL L
Page 109:
-105-mAs\/ TRIALWEDGE1T U YERRW, /
Page 113:
-109-PROCEDUREDraw a line from the
Page 117:
-113 -SURCHARGEPRESSURE-SURFACETRIA
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-117-qs57kM/n»1111•o05'IH132JQci
Page 125:
- 121 -uniform. surchargeI—- virt
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-125-Note :For ease of construction
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-129-occLUiZ68.1 234681 234 6810 23
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- 133-WMLTYPELOAD DIAGRAMSTABILITY
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-137 -STRUTSCX25H0.75 HWHEREk - iKQ
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.NOTES1. Crib wall units to be Infi
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- 1/6-Distance from Excav.Max. Dept
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-149-TOEEFFECT ON HEELThe toe suppo
Page 157:
-153 -MMa) UNSATISFACTORY DETAIL b)
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