death. 2 She also wrote a personal memoir in 1947, made available to scholarsin Munich’s Institute for Contemporary History and published in 2002. 3 Shegave testimony to German authorities in 1954 as well as numerous interviewsto journalists in the years after the war, most famously in a 2002 Germandocumentary film titled Im toten Winkel (Blind Spot). She died the same yearat age 81.On June 9, 1946, the CIC Field Office in Starnberg arrested Junge in Munich,and CIC agents interrogated her on June 13 and June 18. On August 30, CICagents interviewed her a third time at the request of British intelligence, this timewith 15 specific British questions. These summer 1946 interrogations are notcited in scholarly works on Hitler’s final days. Possibly released here for the firsttime, they contain occasional detail and nuance that the other statements do not,because they were Junge’s first statements on returning to the West.In the first session Junge recalled Hitler’s personal habits, confirming,albeit in new language, what is well known. She recounted Hitler’s withdrawnbehavior after the German military defeat at Stalingrad in early 1943, hisinsistence that Germany’s miracle weapons would end the Allied bombingof German cities, and his belief that Providence protected him from the July20, 1944, assassination attempt. Junge remembered Hitler saying that if Clausvon Stauffenberg, the leader of the conspiracy, would have shot Hitler face toface instead of using a bomb, then von Stauffenberg would at least be worthyof respect. This interrogation also confirmed the death of Nazi Party SecretaryMartin Bormann by Soviet shelling in Berlin. Hitler’s chauffeur Erich Kempkawitnessed Bormann’s death and told Junge about it shortly afterwards. In July1946 Kempka gave the same story to the International Military Tribunal. 4 At thetime many people thought that Bormann escaped and fled to South America.His remains were not discovered until 1999. 5The second interrogation provides new detail on Junge’s attempted escapefrom Berlin after Hitler’s death, her arrest by the Soviets on June 3, 1945, and herrepeated interrogations by the Soviets concerning Hitler’s suicide. The Soviets werealso interested in any connections Junge might have to existing Nazi networks;they hoped to use her to uncover them. In September 1945, an unnamed Sovietofficial offered Junge his personal protection including an apartment, food, andmoney. In return, Junge was to cooperate with Soviet forces and not to tell anyone6 | New Information on Major Nazi Figures
of her former or present job. She was not to leave the Soviet sector; but after shecontracted diphtheria, she was allowed admission to the hospital in the Britishsector. On leaving the hospital, she said, “the Russians did not take any moreinterest in my person.” She left for Munich and arrived on April 20, 1946. 6Her third interrogation benefited from the direct questions from the British.Junge noted that Hitler hoped to delay his suicide until receiving confirmationthat the couriers carrying copies of his last political testament had reached theirrecipients, namely Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz, whom Hitler appointed headof state, and Field Marshal Ferdinand Schörner, whom he appointed armycommander-in-chief. With the ring closing around his Berlin bunker, Hitlerwould not allow the Soviets to take him alive. But he knew Dönitz, whoseheadquarters was near the Danish border, and Schörner, whose headquarterswas in Czechoslovakia, would fight until the last cartridge and hang as manydeserters as need be. “Hitler was uneasy,” recalled Junge, “and walked from oneroom to another. He said that he would wait until the couriers had arrived totheir destinations with the testaments and then he would commit suicide.” 7 Thecouriers were not able to leave the Berlin area.The British were also very interested in Hitler’s Gestapo chief, Heinrich Müller,who would have offered a treasure trove of counterintelligence information onthe Soviets. Allied counterintelligence officers failed to locate him after the war.Some leads placed him in Berlin at war’s end and others suggested that he hadfled south. The absence of an arrest or even a corpse led to later conspiracytheories that Müller worked for either Allied or Soviet intelligence. The bulk ofthe evidence, pieced together over the next quarter century, indicates that Müllerwas killed in Berlin during the war’s final days. 8Junge was asked directly: “On what occasions did you see Mueller in theBunker? What do you know of his movements or activities during the last days?”Junge did not know Müller personally. She noted that she saw him for the firsttime on April 22, 1945. “Mueller remained in the shelter until Hitler’s death,” shesaid. “I … observed him talking some times (sic) with Hitler….” Junge continued,“I do not know any details about his activities. He had taken over the functionsof [Reich Security Main Office Chief Ernst] Kaltenbrunner….” 9At the time of Hitler’s suicide, Kaltenbrunner was in Salzburg. He hadsearched for a negotiated peace through various channels while also hoping thatNew Information on Major Nazi Figures | 7
- Page 1: HITLER’SO Nazi War Criminals, U.S
- Page 5 and 6: HITLER’SSHADOWNazi War Criminals,
- Page 7 and 8: CONTENTSPreface viIntroduction 1CHA
- Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTIONAt the end of World War
- Page 11 and 12: For this report we have drawn selec
- Page 13: CHAPTER ONENew Information on Major
- Page 17 and 18: that surrounded it. How far to push
- Page 19 and 20: Wartime information emanating from
- Page 21 and 22: Hearing about the publicity about h
- Page 23 and 24: Poland (New York: Oxford University
- Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER TWONazis and the Middle Eas
- Page 27 and 28: would also decide the fate of the A
- Page 29 and 30: Today we have more detailed scholar
- Page 31 and 32: The CIA diagram shows a nexus of fo
- Page 33 and 34: In April 1945 an unnamed German def
- Page 35 and 36: with a shadowy West German intellig
- Page 37 and 38: a French intercept operation, the C
- Page 39 and 40: 12 Final Interrogation Report of Re
- Page 41 and 42: 54 EGMA-54517, Chief, Munich Operat
- Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER THREENew Materials on Forme
- Page 45 and 46: Mildner also failed to mention that
- Page 47 and 48: to organize last ditch resistance.
- Page 49 and 50: depended partly on the individuals
- Page 51 and 52: he was pleased to provide informati
- Page 53 and 54: Agent Erhard Dabringhaus, who handl
- Page 55 and 56: Detachment’s commanding officer,
- Page 57 and 58: Mahler’s July 14, 1950, report on
- Page 59 and 60: 24 Interrogation Report No. 47, Sep
- Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER FOURThe CIC and Right-Wing
- Page 63 and 64: September 1941 Kaufmann became the
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the Bruderschaft and regional offic
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trust the words of [NATO Commander]
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Kraus formed a private think tank i
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most violent Nazis, “a man who wo
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the thrown [sic]’ as far as the V
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8 “Ex-General Advises Adenauer to
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34 Special Agents Heinz C. Colbert
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66 Memorandum for the Officer in Ch
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CHAPTER FIVECollaborators: Allied I
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vanguard of Muscovite imperialism i
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described as “anti-partisan” op
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The guerrillas said that most UPA f
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opposed all political organizations
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“would not resume [its] relations
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But on October 15, 1959, only 10 da
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Once in the United States, Lebed wa
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Ukrainian writers and poets. One CI
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shielded Lebed by denying any conne
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34 Special Agent William E. Larned,
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69 Joint US-UK Conference, January
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Operations, v. 35; Aerodynamic Proj
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esearching a very broad range of to