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“would not resume [its] relationship with Bandera under any circumstances.”MI6 maintained its four wireless links in Ukraine, now run by a reconstitutedZCh/OUN, and shared intelligence from the links with Lebed and the CIA. 66 Thedegree to which MI6’s links into Ukraine were compromised all along owing to theinsecurity of Bandera’s lines is not clear. 67Bandera remained in Munich. He had two British-trained radio operators, andhe continued to recruit agents on his own. He published a newspaper that spewedanti-American rhetoric and used loyal thugs to attack other Ukrainian émigrénewspapers and to terrorize political opponents in the Ukrainian emigration.He attempted to penetrate U.S. military and intelligence offices in Europe and tointimidate Ukrainians working for the United States. He continued to run agents intothe Ukraine, financing them with counterfeit U.S. money. By 1957 the CIA and MI6concluded that all former Bandera agents in Ukraine were under Soviet control. 68The question was what to do. U.S. and British intelligence officials lamented that“despite our unanimous desire to ‘quiet’ Bandera, precautions must be taken to seethat the Soviets are not allowed to kidnap or kill him … under no circumstancesmust Bandera be allowed to become a martyr.” 69Meanwhile, Bandera searched for new sponsors. For a brief time inearly 1956, Italian Military Intelligence (SIFAR) sponsored him, surely notunderstanding that his lines were compromised. 70 The BND, the West Germanintelligence service under former Wehrmacht Gen. Reinhard Gehlen, formed anew relationship with Bandera. It was a natural union. During the war, Gehlen’ssenior officers argued that the USSR could be broken up if only Germany wooedthe various nationalities properly. Bandera had continued lines into the Ukraine,and in March 1956 he offered these in return for money and weapons. 71 TheCIA warned the West Germans that “against any [operative] relationship withBandera,” noting that, “we [are] convinced [that] all alleged Bandera assets inCSR, Poland, and Ukraine [are] non-existent or non-effective. We also noterapidity and thoroughness of [Soviet] rollups [of] his past ops indicate weakOUN/B security.” 72The Bavarian state government and Munich police wanted to crack down onBandera’s organization for crimes ranging from counterfeiting to kidnapping.Von Mende, now a West German government official, protected him. Banderagave von Mende political reports, which von Mende relayed to the West GermanCollaborators | 83