Bluman A.G. Elementary Statistics- A Step By Step Approach

616 Chapter 11 Other Chi-Square Testsgiven here. At a 0.05, test the claim that the type ofbook selected is independent of the gender of theindividual. Use the P-value method.Type of bookGender Mystery Romance Self-helpMale 243 201 191Female 135 149 20222. Foreign Language Speaking Dorms A localcollege recently made the news by offering foreignlanguage–speaking dorm rooms to its students. Whenquestioned at another school, 50 students from eachclass responded as shown. At a 0.05, is theresufficient evidence to conclude that the proportions ofstudents favoring foreign language–speaking dorms arenot the same for each class?Freshmen Sophomores Juniors SeniorsYes (favor) 10 15 20 22No 40 35 30 2823. Youth Physical Fitness According to a recentsurvey, 64% of Americans between the ages of 6 and17 cannot pass a basic fitness test. A physical educationinstructor wishes to determine if the percentages ofsuch students in different schools in his school districtare the same. He administers a basic fitness test to120 students in each of four schools. The results areshown here. At a 0.05, test the claim that theproportions who pass the test are equal.Southside West End East Hills JeffersonPassed 49 38 46 34Failed 71 82 74 86Total 120 120 120 120Source: The Harper’s Index Book.24. Participation in Market Research Survey Anadvertising firm has decided to ask 92 customers ateach of three local shopping malls if they are willing totake part in a market research survey. According toprevious studies, 38% of Americans refuse to takepart in such surveys. The results are shown here. Ata 0.01, test the claim that the proportions of thosewho are willing to participate are equal.Mall A Mall B Mall CWill participate 52 45 36Will not participate 40 47 56Total 92 92 92Source: The Harper’s Index Book.25. Workforce Distribution A researcher wishesto see if the proportions of workers for each type ofjob have changed during the last 10 years. A sample of100 workers is selected, and the results are shown.At a 0.05, test the claim that the proportions havenot changed. Can the results be generalized to thepopulation of the United States?Manu-Services facturing Government Other10 years ago 33 13 11 3Now 18 12 8 2Total 51 25 19 5Source: Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry.26. Mothers Working Outside the Home Accordingto a recent survey, 59% of Americans aged 8 to17 would prefer that their mother work outside thehome, regardless of what she does now. A schooldistrict psychologist decided to select three samplesof 60 students each in elementary, middle, and highschool to see how the students in her district felt aboutthe issue. At a 0.10, test the claim that theproportions of the students who prefer that theirmother have a job are equal.Elementary Middle HighPrefers mother work 29 38 51Prefers mother not work 31 22 9Total 60 60 60Source: Daniel Weiss, 100% American.27. Volunteer Practices of Students The Bureauof Labor Statistics reported information on volunteersby selected characteristics. They found that 24.4% ofthe population aged 16 to 24 volunteers a mediannumber of 36 hours per year. A survey of 75 studentsin each age group revealed the following data onvolunteer practices. At a 0.05, can it be concludedthat the proportions of volunteers are the same foreach group?Age18 19 20 21 22Yes (volunteer) 19 18 23 31 13No 56 57 52 44 62Source: Time Almanac.28. Fathers in the Delivery Room On average, 79%of American fathers are in the delivery room whentheir children are born. A physician’s assistant surveyed300 first-time fathers to determine if they had been inthe delivery room when their children were born. Theresults are shown here. At a 0.05, is there enoughevidence to reject the claim that the proportions ofthose who were in the delivery room at the time of birthare the same?11–26