Bluman A.G. Elementary Statistics- A Step By Step Approach

IndexStandard error of the mean, 333Standard normal distribution, 304Standard score, 142–143Statistic, 106Statistical hypothesis, 401Statistical test, 406Statistics, 3descriptive, 4inferential, 4misuses of, 16–19Stem and leaf plot, 80–83Stratified sample, 12, 726–728Student’s t distribution, 370Subjective probability, 194Sum of squares, 633Surveys, 9–10, 736–738mail, 9–10personal interviews, 10telephone, 9Symmetrical distribution, 59, 117, 301Systematic sampling, 11–12, 725–726Tt-distribution, characteristics of, 370Test of normality, 322–324, 328–330,598–600Test value, 404Time series graph, 71–73Total variation, 566Treatment groups, 14, 648Tree diagram, 185, 215, 225–226t-test, 427coefficient for correlation, 543–545for difference of means, 484–487,492–500for mean, 427–433Tukey test, 644–645Two-tailed test, 402, 408Two-way analysis of variance,647–655Type I error, 405–406, 459–460Type II error, 405–406, 459–460UUnbiased estimate of populationvariance, 128Unbiased estimator, 357Unbiased sample, 721Unexplained variation, 566Ungrouped frequency distribution, 43–44Uniform distribution, 60, 310Unimodal, 60, 111Upper class boundary, 39Upper class limit, 39VVariable, 3, 253, 535confounding, 15continuous, 6–7, 253, 300dependent, 14, 535discrete, 6, 253explanatory, 14independent, 14, 535qualitative, 6quantitative, 6random, 3, 253Variance, 125–132binomial distribution, 274definition of, 127formula, 127population, 127probability distribution, 262–264sample, 128short-cut formula, 129unbiased estimate, 128uses of, 132Variancesequal, 513–514unequal, 513–514Venn diagram, 190–191, 203, 218WWeighted estimate of p, 505Weighted mean, 115Wilcoxon rank sum test, 683–686Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 688–692Within-group variance, 631YYates correction for continuity, 613, 617y-intercept, 552–555Zz-score, 142–143z-test, 413z-test for means, 413–421, 473–479z-test for proportions, 437–441, 504–508z-values (score), 304I–6