MODULE 1: Infection Control and Waste Management - State ...

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Fig 10: Incorrect way of sing Multidose VialManagement of Injuries from Needles and Other SharpsAll the staff, which is at risk of exposure to blood or other blood fluids should getvaccination against Hepatitis B but this does not reduce the importance or not analternative to standard precautionsIf accidental exposure to blood or other body fluids occurs;• Wash thoroughly the part where needle sticks and cuts with soap and water.• Flush splashes to the nose, mouth or skin with water.• Irrigate splashes to the eyes with water or saline.Post Exposure ProphylaxisPost exposure prophylaxis with drugs or other therapy can reduce the risk of transmissionof blood borne pathogens. Therapy includes:For Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B immunoglobin and Hepatitis B vaccine can reduce the riskof infection after exposure to blood or other body fluids containing hepatitis B virus.For Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) – If exposure occurs, a physician should beconsulted immediately and antiretroviral drugs, either alone or in combination can bestarted to reduce the risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission. Followpost exposure prophylaxis as per National Aids Control Organization (NACO)guidelines.28
Unit 1.6Processing Instruments and Other Reusable ItemsThis unit discusses the steps of processing articles, equipments and instruments, aftersurgical use.Learning Objectives:• Understand the steps of processing an equipment / instrument/article after beingused for a client.Processing instruments and other articles after use is really necessary to protect clients aswell as health workers from infections. It involves various steps which are –1. Decontamination – It is a very first step in processing instruments and otherarticles for reuse. Decontamination kills the microorganisms, making the itemssafer to handle by staffs, who will clean them. In addition, it prevents the blood,other body fluids and tissues particles, from drying on the instrument.2. Cleaning – After decontamination and before sterilizing the items, scrubbing withdetergent, water and brush is essential to remove blood, other body fluids, tissueparticles and dirt from items. Sterilization or high level disinfection will not beeffective unless the instruments or other articles are thoroughly cleaned first asmicroorganisms trapped in the organic material may survive.Thorough cleaning drastically reduces the number of bacterial endospores oninstrument and other items.3. Sterilization – Eliminates all microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi andparasites) and bacterial endospores. Sterilization can be done with heat orchemicals.ORHigh level disinfection (HLD) – Eliminates all microorganisms (bacteria, viruses,fungi and parasites) but does not reliably kill all bacterial endospores. Ifsterilization is not available or feasible, HLD is the only acceptable alternative.4. Storage – All instruments and other items should be stored in high leveldisinfection (HLD) container with tight fitting lid or sterilized container afterdrying.29
Page 1 and 2: Infection Prevention&Waste Manageme
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementInfection Prevention
Page 5 and 6: IndexNo. Contents PageAbout the Man
Page 7 and 8: List of FiguresNo. Figure Page1 Rou
Page 9 and 10: MODULE 1Infection PreventionUnit 1.
Page 11 and 12: carry infection from one client to
Page 13 and 14: Unit 1.3Antiseptics and Disinfectan
Page 15: • Formaldehyde (8%) - Routine use
Page 19 and 20: with chlorine solution and washed w
Page 21 and 22: Fig 5: Removing Gloves21
Page 23 and 24: Unit 1.5Reducing Risk of Infection
Page 25 and 26: Surgical gowns are considered steri
Page 27: To Prevent Injuries due to Sharps:
Page 31 and 32: Prepare chlorine solution only in p
Page 33 and 34: Unit 1.8StorageSterilization, HLD (
Page 35 and 36: Fig 12: Steps of wrapping of an ins
Page 37 and 38: • Using chemicalsChemicals approp
Page 39 and 40: Unit 1.9Infection Prevention in Hou
Page 41 and 42: Step 2 - Add some detergent to the
Page 43 and 44: Unit 2.1Waste ManagementThis unit d
Page 45 and 46: A part of Gazette notification rela
Page 47 and 48: other then sharps such as tubing,ca
Page 49: References1 State Innovations in Fa

MODULE 1: Infection Control and Waste Management - State ...

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