OO213 - English Federation of Disability Sport

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Social protection for children with disabilitiesand their families is especially important becausethese families often face a higher cost of livingand lost opportunities to earn income.Estimates of the additional costs of disabilityborne by families range from 11–69 per centof income in the United Kingdom to 29–37 percent in Australia, 20–37 per cent in Ireland, 9 percent in Viet Nam and 14 per cent in Bosnia andHerzegovina. 14 Costs associated with disabilityinclude such direct expenses as medical treatment,travel, rehabilitation or assistance withcare, and such opportunity costs as the incomeforgone when parents or family members giveup or limit their employment to care for a child orchildren with disabilities. 15Marmane, 8, looks over her shoulder in a rehabilitationcentre run by the international non-governmentalorganization Médecins sans Frontières in Port-au-Prince,Haiti. © UNICEF/HQ2005-1970/LeMoynelife – begins with establishing a home settingconducive to early intervention. It involves stimulationand interaction with parents and caregiversfrom the first days and weeks of life through thedifferent stages of the child’s educational andrecreational development. Inclusion is importantat all ages but the earlier children with disabilitiesare given the chance to interact with peers andthe larger society, the greater the likely benefitsfor all children.Under the CRPD, children with disabilities andtheir families have the right to an adequate standardof living, including adequate food, clothingand housing. Children with disabilities and thoseresponsible for their care are also entitled to suchsubsidized or free support services as day care,respite care and access to self-help groups.The International Labour Organization has estimatedthat in 10 low- and middle-income countries,the economic costs of disability amount to3–5 per cent of gross domestic product. 16 A reviewof 14 developing countries found that peoplewith disabilities were more likely to experiencepoverty than those without disabilities. 17 Peoplewith disabilities tended to be less well off in termsof education, employment, living conditions,consumption and health. In Malawi and Uganda,households with members who have disabilitieshave been found more likely to be poorer thansimilar households without disabled members. 18Households with members with disabilities generallyhave lower incomes than other householdsand are at greater risk of living below the povertyline. 19 In developing countries, households with amember or members who have disabilities spendconsiderably more on health care. 20 This meansthat even a household that technically standsabove the poverty line but includes a memberor members with disabilities can actually havea standard of living equivalent to that of a householdbelow the poverty line but without memberswith disabilities.The evidence is clear that childhood disabilitydiminishes a person’s life chances. Children withdisabilities grow up poorer, have less access14THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2013: Children with Disabilities
to education and health-care services, and areworse off on a host of measures including thelikelihood of family break-up and abuse.States can tackle the consequent, increased risk ofchild poverty with such social protection initiativesas cash transfer programmes. These programmesare relatively easy to administer and provide forflexibility in meeting the particular needs of parentsand children. They also respect the decisionmakingrights of parents and children.Cash transfer programmes have been shownto benefit children, 21 although it can be difficultto gauge the extent to which they are usedby and useful to children with disabilities andthose who care for them. 22 A growing number oflow- and middle-income countries are buildingon promising results from these broader effortsand have launched targeted social protectioninitiatives that include cash transfers specificallyfor children with disabilities. These countriesinclude Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, India, Lesotho,Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, South Africa,Turkey and Viet Nam, among others. The typeof allowances and criteria for receiving themvary greatly. Some are tied to the severity ofthe child’s impairment. Routine monitoring andevaluation of the transfers’ effects on the health,educational and recreational attainment of childrenwith disabilities will be essential to makesure these transfers achieve their objectives.Another tool governments can use is disabilityspecificbudgeting. For instance, a governmentthat has committed to ensuring that all childrenreceive free, high-quality education would includespecific goals regarding children with disabilitiesfrom the outset and take care to allocate a sufficientportion of the available resources to coveringsuch things as training teachers, making infrastructureand curricula accessible, and procuringand fitting assistive devices.Effective access to services including education,health care, habilitation (training and treatmentto carry out the activities of daily living), rehabilitation(products and services to help restoreA young boy with albinism reads Braille at school in the town of Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania.© UNICEF/HQ2008-1786/PirozziFUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION15
Page 2 and 3: © United Nations Children’s Fund
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORDIs there a child who does n
Page 7 and 8: FOCUSViolence against children with
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONReports such a
Page 11 and 12: Under the Convention on the Rights
Page 13 and 14: People with disabilities are becomi
Page 16 and 17: PERSPECTIVEI want good memoriesBy N
Page 21: hierarchy and traditional expectati
Page 25 and 26: An inclusive kindergarten in Nizhny
Page 27 and 28: Assistive technology productsCatego
Page 29 and 30: We need to make media more accessib
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3A STRONGFOUNDATIONGood hea
Page 33 and 34: Early childhood stunting, which is
Page 35 and 36: are particularly important. Develop
Page 37 and 38: the needs of all children. In an in
Page 39 and 40: Look at Hanif and you will see that
Page 41 and 42: terms for 20 schools at a time, wit
Page 43 and 44: epilepsy. The ketogenic diet isan i
Page 45 and 46: Reading Braille at a school in Ugan
Page 47 and 48: Saja opened my eyes to my own abili
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4ESSENTIALS OFPROTECTIONChi
Page 51 and 52: Independent States, institutionaliz
Page 53 and 54: Children with disabilities are at g
Page 55 and 56: It is much harder to protect childr
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 5HUMANITARIANRESPONSEHumani
Page 59 and 60: Explosive remnants of war (ERW) on
Page 61 and 62: esist, than children without disabi
Page 63 and 64: Since monitoring began in 1999, the
Page 65 and 66: FOCUS(continued)Child casualties in
Page 67 and 68: Child casualties by type of explosi
Page 69 and 70: If people with disabilities can’t
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 6MEASURING CHILDDISABILITYA
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Mental Development Scale, 120 canno
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single set of questions for both gr
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FOCUSLessons learnedSince 1995, UNI
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A strategy for intervention on beha
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Data can be hard to gather: Indigen
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CHAPTER 7AN AGENDAFOR ACTIONThe nat
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discrimination is vital in reducing
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I would like to be confident that w
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Support familiesThe CRC states that
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(continued from p. 81)Involve child
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PERSPECTIVEChildren with disabiliti
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REFERENCESChapter 1 Introduction1 W
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65 United Nations Children’s Fund
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The Landmine Monitor identified mor
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STATISTICAL TABLESOVERVIEWThis refe
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STATISTICAL TABLESWater and sanitat
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STATISTICAL TABLESExplanation of sy
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TABLE 1: BASIC INdICATORSCountriesa
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TABLE 1BASIC INdICATORSCountriesand
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TABLE 2: NuTRITIONCountriesand area
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TABLE 2NuTRITIONCountriesand areasL
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TABLE 3: HEALTHCountriesUse of impr
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TABLE 3CountriesHEALTHUse of improv
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TABLE 4: HIV/AIdSPrevention among y
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TABLE 4HIV/AIdSPrevention among you
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TABLE 5educationCountriesand areasY
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TABLE 5EduCATIONCountriesand areasY
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TABLE 6dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORSCountr
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TABLE 6dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORSCountr
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TABLE 7ECONOmIC INdICATORSCountries
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TABLE 7ECONOmIC INdICATORSCountries
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TABLE 8WOmENCountriesand areasLife
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TABLE 8WOmENCountriesand areasLife
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TABLE 9CHILd pROTECTIONCountriesand
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TABLE 9CHILd pROTECTIONCountriesand
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TABLE 10THE RATE OF pROGRESSCountri
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TABLE 10THE RATE OF pROGRESSCountri
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TABLE 11AdOLESCENTSCountriesand are
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TABLE 11AdOLESCENTSCountriesand are
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TABLE 12disparities by residenceCou
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TABLE 12dISpARITIES By RESIdENCECou
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TABLE 13dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd WE
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TABLE 13dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd WE
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TABLE 14EARLy CHILdHOOd dEVELOpmENT
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UNICEF HeadquartersUNICEF House3 Un
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OO213 - English Federation of Disability Sport

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